• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.529-535
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• 2003

We studied degradation effects of hydrophobic substrate such as kerosene and diesel by adding a biosurfactant originated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa F722 and chemical surfactants (Tween 80 and detergent) with aeration. The surface tensions of the biosurfactant, Tween 80 and detergent were 30mN/m, 39mN/m and 31mN/m, respectively. When the concentration of biosurfactant added in C-medium was 0.01 and 0.15%(w/v), the ratios of hydrocarbon degradation were 94.3％ and 94.2% respectively. It was 6.2%(w/v) higher than when the concentrations of added biosurfactant were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2％. The degradation ratios of the chemical surfactants (Tween 80 and detergent) were 94.5％ and 93.5％ respectively. The effects of the biosurfactant and chemical surfactants were similar on the degradation ratio in mixtures of kerosene and diesel. However, the population of viable p. aeruginosa F722 at the end of the cultivation period was twice as higher in the biosurfactant than that in the chemical surfactant. We also studied the effect of aeration (0.5vvm) on the degradation ratio. The biosurfactant addition experiment was conducted with 0.5vvm air, 35$^{\circ}C$, 150rpm, pH 8.0, 3days, 1.0% (w/v) substrate. When p. aeruginosa F722 and 0.15%(w/v) biosurfactant were added, the degradation ratio of hydrocarbon was 94.8％. Without p. aeruginosa F722, it was 68%. Thus, with aeration, the degradation ratio of hydrocarbon was increased by 26.8％. In addition, the cultivation time was shortened by 1/3. The degradation ratios of hydrocarbon in shaking culture (cultivation time; 3days) and stationary culture (cultivation time; 10days) were 94.8 and 93.7％ respectively. Thus, the addition of biosurfactant and aeration enhanced the degradation of hydrocarbon originated kerosene and diesel.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

During a dilute acid hydrolysis, degradation products are formed or liberated by pre-treatment of lignocelluloses depend on both the biomass and the pretreatment conditions such as temperature, time, pressure, pH, redox conditions, and addition of catalysts. In lignocellulosic biomass, sugars can be degraded to furfural which is formed from pentoses and 5-hydroxymethulfurfural (HMF) from hexoses. 5-HMF can be further degraded, forming levulinic acid and formic acid. Acetate is liberated from hemicellulose during hydrolysis. Some decomposed compounds hinder the subsequent bioconversion of the solubilized sugars into desired products, reducing conversion yields and rates during fermentation. In the present work, samples of rapeseed strawwere hydrolyzed to study the optimal pretreatment condition by assessing yields of sugars and decomposed products obtained under different reaction conditions ($H_2SO_4$ 0.5-1.25% (w/w), reaction time 0-20 min and temperature range 150-220 C). A careful analytical investigation of acid hydrolyzate of rapeseed straw has not yet been undertaken, and a well-closed mass balance for the hydrolyzate in general is necessary to verify the productivity and economic predictions for this process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.255-263
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• 1998

Dust-free garment prevents contamination which otherwise is caused by skin and clothes to protect from dust or dirt. Therefore, it requires high performance and should function as a working clothes. Clothes are a medium between human and thermal environmental system, and it is required to study human enviroment to ensure comfortableness of clothes and to satisfactorily go along with enviroment .This study investigates the physical and physiological features of dust-free garment used in the clean room at a semiconductor factory in oredr to scientifically clarify what the dust-free garmint is as well as to contribute to the design and development of high performance material and clothes. Three kinds of dust-free fabrics (DFG-I, DFG-II, DFG-III) which are being developed by a local company are used to manufacture dust-free garment. These dust-free garments are dressed and tested in such an enviroment as similar to semiconmemts with temperature at 23${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ and humidity at 50${\pm}$5%RH in order to investigate the thermo physiological and psychological features of human body. The results of this study are as follows. The results of this study are as follows. 1.The mean skin temperature was significantly different among the clothes, subjects and experimental time. Temperature tends to rise from the time of exercising load. Continuous motion coupled sealed clothes prevents heat transmittance, and temperature rises in the order of DFG-l, DFG-ll and DFG-lll as time course. 2.As for the skin temperature by local timperature is minimun on the head and torso and increares remarkably at the terminal part of human body. 3. As for the body mass loss was significantly higher in DFG-lll than DFG-l and DFG-ll. 4. Though there is no significant difference in the temperature within clothes among the kind of clothes temperature is 1$^{\circ}C$ higher in the back. Temperature within all the dust-free garments 29.7$^{\circ}C$ in the back and 31.3$^{\circ}C$ in the chest which belong to the comfort zone(31-33$^{\circ}C$). The relative humidity is 39.7%RH in the chest and 33.8%RH in the back which is slightly below the comfort zone(40-60%RH) 5. The thermal sensation belong to the comfort zone regardless of the kinds of clothes. The subjects feels a slight fatigue as times goes. As for the subjective sense of subjects the mean skin temperature as well as temperature and humidity within clothes show similar tendency. This means that they relate with each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2006

Using the data from the sea water monitoring system installed at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station, we have analyzed the water properties around the station as well as the characteristics of the fresh water from the Changjiang River and the influence of typhoons on the sea water. In general, the accuracy and stability of the temperature data are high, but those of the salinity data are worse than the specification of the instruments. The daily variation of temperature and salinity is mainly controlled by the vertical motion of a water column due to semi-diurnal tide and diurnal change in the solar insolation. Seasonal change is prominent in temperature data. The freshwater from the Changjiang River is the main cause of large salinity variation. In August 2003 and August 2004, about 10 days before fresh water was observed near the Jeju Island, low salinity water was observed at the Ieodo Station. On the other hand, in July 2005 fresh water was observed at the station but not at around the Jeju Island. In other words, the fresh water observed at the Ieodo Station does not always expand to the Jeju Island. Two strong typhoons passed by the station in September 2003 and August 2004. The effects of the typhoons were lasted for 3 to 4 days.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.382-388
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• 2010

This study was aimed to examine the quality characteristics of the bread with the muffin added with the by-product of fermented ethanol from wheat rye that has high $\beta$-glucan contents. In the muffin added with TEFB (Triticale Ethanol Fermentation By-product), the height of the muffin decreased as the additive contents increased. There was no significant difference among the volumes of the muffins added with TEFB 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. In the muffin added with TEFB, the height of the muffin decreased as the additive contents increased. In the moisture measurement of TEFB muffin, the moisture contents increased as the TEFB additive contents increased. Using SEM, showed that as TEFB additive contents increased, gluten contents was relatively lowered, which led to the reduced gas retention power and generation of rough tissues. In chromaticity, as the TEFB additive contents increased, the brightness decreased and the redness and yellowness decreased as well. The result of texture measurement showed that as the TEFB additive contents increased, hardness increased. springiness decreased gradually as the TEFB additive contents increased. There was no significant difference in cohesiveness (p<0.005). Although there as signigicant difference between the control group and the additive group in gumminess (p<0.005), there was no significant difference for a certain amount of additive contents (p<0.05). While there was significant difference in chewiness between the control group and the additive group (p<0.05). there was no significant difference for a certain amount of additive contents (p<0.05). The result of taste test of TEFB added muffin showed that the preference for the muffins added with 5% or more TEFB decreased. This study found that more than 5% of TEFB additives to muffin decreases the preference level.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.421-424
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• 2014

Three small-breed dogs with grade IV medial patellar luxation were presented. In all cases, patellar luxation could not be reduced by conventional surgical techniques. Femoral shortening osteotomy was performed in all dogs to correct patellar luxation. In all the dogs, the clinical condition was remarkably improved, and following surgical procedures, no complication or recurrence was presented. Femoral shortening osteotomy is an effective treatment in small-breed dogs with medial patellar luxation associated with severe skeletal deformity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.620-625
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• 2012

A general synthetic method to make $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ (activated magnetite) is the reduction of $Fe_3O_4$ by $H_2$ atmosphere. However, this process has an explosion risk. Therefore, we studied the process of synthesis of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ depending on heat-treatment conditions using $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ in Ar atmosphere. The thermal decomposition characteristics of $FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and the ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ were analyzed with TG/DTA in Ar atmosphere. ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was synthesized by precipitation method using $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $(NH_4)_2C_2O_4{\cdot}H_2O$. The concentration of the solution was 0.1 M and the equivalent ratio was 1.0. ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was decomposed to $H_2O$ and $FeC_2O$4 from $150^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. $FeC_2O4$ was decomposed to CO, $CO_2$, and $Fe_3O_4$ from $200^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$. Single phase $Fe_3O_4$ was formed by the decomposition of ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ in Ar atmosphere. However, $Fe_3C$, Fe and $Fe_4N$ were formed as minor phases when ${\beta}-FeC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was decomposed in $N_2$ atmosphere. Then, $Fe_3O_4$ was reduced to $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ by decomposion of CO. The reduction of $Fe_3O_4$ to $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ progressed from $320^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$; the reaction was exothermic. The degree of exothermal reaction was varied with heat treatment temperature, heating rate, Ar flow rate, and holding time. The ${\delta}$-value of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ was greatly influenced by the heat treatment temperature and the heating rate. However, Ar flow rate and holding time had a minor effect on ${\delta}$-value.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2005

An intact female, 5-year-old, Pekingese, weighing 3.5kg with a history of a palpated abdominal mass was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. In laboratory examination, there were no remarkable abnormalities. Radiographic findings included a left mid-abdominal mass with ill-defined margin, serosal detail loss of peritoneal space, non-uniform opacity of retroperitoneal space, and a radiopaque cystic calculus. On abdominal ultrasonography, a heterogeneous parenchymal mass with irregular contour in the left renal region was found. Computed tomographic findings showed a tumor embolus within the caudal vena cava and an invasion into mesentery, small bowel loops, spleen and pancreas around the large left renal mass. Unilateral nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The dog died one day after surgery. Although ultrasonography could give diagnostic information about mass characteristics, computed tomography (CT) can provide key imaging features of mass characteristics.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.588-592
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• 2010

A 15-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a gait disorder of the pelvic limbs. For differential diagnosis of neural disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan were performed. CT showed bone defect in the 4th lumbar vertebra and adjacent soft tissue mass. MRI revealed a mass in left side of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The mass was uniformly enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1W1). Excision of the mass alleviated back pain. Vertebral osteosarcoma was identified by the histopathological examination. Therefore, CT and MRI were helpful to diagnose vertebral osteosarcoma in the dog and to plan surgical excision of the mass.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.616-627
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone and medetomidine/midazolam as preanesthetics and their combinations with antagonists in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Eight clinically healthy dogs($4.54{\pm}2.16kg$) were used at the interval of more than 14 days between experiments in turn for propionyl promazine(PP 0.3mg/kg, IM), xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone(XFA 2mg/kg, 0.0137mg/kg, 0.11mg/kg, IM), medetomidine/midazolam(MM 0.02mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, IM), combination of XFA and their antagonists (yohimbine 0.05mg/kg, naloxon 0.0005mg/kg, IV) and combination of MM and their antagonist(atipamezole 0.08mg/kg IM). The sedation induction times in XFA($2.56{\pm}1.01min$) and MM($5.44{\pm}2.07min$) groups were significantly better than that of PP group($10.75{\pm}2.38min$)(p < 0.05). The thiopental sodium dose required for tracheal intubation in XFA($2.38{\pm}3.38mg/kg$) and MM($3.91{\pm}3.47mg/kg$) groups were significantly less than that of PP group($12.57{\pm}2.13mg/kg$)(p < 0.05). All time indices expressing the recovery(pedal reflex recurrence time, extubation time, arousal time, standing time and walking time) were significantly shorter in the combination groups of XFA or MM with their antagonists than in PP, XFA and MM groups(p < 0.05). The suppressions of cardiovascular function of XFA and MM were more than that of PP. Heart rate and cardiac output were recovered by the antagonists of XFA and MM, but mean arterial pressure were not recovered by the antagonists. PP induced apnea in 4 out of 8 dogs, but XFA in none and MM in one. The present study suggested that for rapid sedation, prevention of apnea after intubation and rapid recovery after halothane cessation, combinations of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone or medetomidine/midazolam with their antagonists are recommendable as preanesthetic method in gas anesthetised dogs with normal cardiovascular function.