• Title/Summary/Keyword: 예문지(藝文志)

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A Study on Dongkuksipji Yeamunji (『동국십지(東國十志)』 「예문지(藝文志)」에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Jin, Na-Young;Song, Il-Gie
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.107-140
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji, written by Bae Sang-hyun(裴象鉉) in 1855. Dongkuksipji is a kind of encyclopedia. Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji record 137 books written in Goguryeo, Silla, Goryeo, Joseon and China. Yeamunji has its own classification system which includes 15 different topics. But this classification system emphasizes too much some field, such as Chinese classics of Confucianism. Yeamunji contains information on the period of compilation, author, title, and some bibliographic introductions. Although Dongkuksipji's Yeamunji does not have a perfect system for its contents, it is worthy of notice because it is a large catalogue of ancient books compiled by just one person.

Searching Similar Example-Sentences Using the Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm (Needleman-Wunsch 알고리즘을 이용한 유사예문 검색)

  • Kim Dong-Joo;Kim Han-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.11 no.4 s.42
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we propose a search algorithm for similar example-sentences in the computer-aided translation. The search for similar examples, which is a main part in the computer-aided translation, is to retrieve the most similar examples in the aspect of structural and semantical analogy for a given query from examples. The proposed algorithm is based on the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, which is used to measure similarity between protein or nucleotide sequences in bioinformatics. If the original Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is applied to the search for similar sentences, it is likely to fail to find them since similarity is sensitive to word's inflectional components. Therefore, we use the lemma in addition to (typographical) surface information. In addition, we use the part-of-speech to capture the structural analogy. In other word, this paper proposes the similarity metric combining the surface, lemma, and part-of-speech information of a word. Finally, we present a search algorithm with the proposed metric and present pairs contributed to similarity between a query and a found example. Our algorithm shows good performance in the area of electricity and communication.

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On the Bibliographies of Chinese Historical Books - Classifying and cataloguing system of six historical bibliographies - (중국의 사지서목에 대하여 -육사예문$\cdot$경적지의 분류 및 편목체재 비교를 중심으로-)

  • Kang Soon-Ae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.24
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    • pp.289-332
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    • 1993
  • In china, six bibliographies of offical historical books are evaluated at the most important things among the systematically-editing bibliographies. These bibliographies would be usful to study the orign of classical sciences and their development, bibliographic research of Chinese classics, bibliographic judgement on genuine books, titles, authors, volumes. They could be refered to research into graving, correcting, and existence of ancient books. therefore, these bibliographies would be applied to estimation the phase of scientific and cultural development. The study of these bibliographies has been not yet made in Korea. This thesis lays its importance on the background of their appearance, their classification norms, organizing system of their catalogue, and comparison between their difference. 1. Editing and compiling of Chilyak (칠약) by Liu Chin (유흠) and official histories played an important role of entering an apperance of historical book's bibliographies. Chilyak has been lost. However, its classification and compiling system of classical books would be traced by Hansoyemunji(한서예문지) of which basic system is similar to Chilyak. It classified books according to their scientific characteristic. If a few books didn't have their own categories, they were combined by the circles parallel to the books' characteristic. With the books classified under the same scientific characteristic, they were again divided into the scientific schools or structures. It also arranged the same kinds of books according to the chronology. The some books wi th duplicate subjects were classified multiplely by their duplicate subject. 2. Ssu-ma Chon's (사마천) The Historical Records (Saki, 사기) and Pan Ku's (반고) The History of the Former Han Dynasty (Hanso, 한서) has also took effects on appearance of historical books' bibliographies. Covering overall history, Saki was structured by the five parts: The basic annals(본기), the chronological tables (표), the documents (서), the hereditary houses (세가), biographies (열전). The basic annals dealt with kings and courts' affairs according to the chronology. The chronological tables was the records of the annals. The documents described overall the social and cultural systems. The hereditary houses recorded courts' meritorious officials and public figures. The biographies showed exemplars of seventy peoples selected by their social status. Pan Ku(반구)'s The History of the Former Han Dynasty(한서) deserved to be called the prototype for the offical histories after Saki's (사기; The Historical Records) apperance. Although it modelled on Saki, it had set up its own cataloguing system. It was organized by four parts; the basic annals (본기), the chronological tables (표), treatises(지), biographies (열전). The documents in the Hanso(한서) was converted into treatises(지). The hereditary houses and biographies were merged. For the first time, the treatise with The Yemunji could operate function for historical bibliographies. 3. There were six historical bibliographies: Hansoyemunji(한서예문지), Susokyongjeokji (수서경적지), Kudangsokyongjeokji(구당서경적지), Shindangsoyemunji (신당서예문지), Songsayemunji (송사예문지), Myongsayemunji (명사예문지). 1) Modelling on Liu Chin's Chilyak except Chipryak(집략), Hansoyemunji divided the characteristic of the books and documents into six parts: Yukrye(육예), Cheja(제자), Shibu(시부), Pyongsoh(병서), Susul(수술), Pangki(방기). Under six parts, there were thirty eight orders in Hansoyemunji. To its own classification, Hansoyemunji applied the Chilyak's theory of classification that the books or documents were managed according to characteristic of sciences, the difference of schools, the organization of sentences. However the overlapped subjects were deleted and unified into one. The books included into an unsuitable subject were corrected and converted into another. The Hansoyemunji consisted of main preface (Taesoh 대서), minor preface (Sosoh 소서) , the general preface (Chongso 총서). It also recorded the introduction of books and documents, the origin of sciences, the outline of subjects, and the establishment of orders. The books classified by the subject had title, author, and volumes. They were rearranged by titles and the chronological publication year. Sometimes author was the first access point to catalogue the books. If it was necessary for the books to take footnotes, detail notes were formed. The Volume number written consecutively to order and subject could clarify the quantity of books. 2) Refering to Classfication System by Seven Norms (칠분법) and Classification System by Four Norms(사분법), Susokyongjeokji(수서경적지) had accomplished the classification by four norms. In fact, its classification largely imitated Wanhyosoh(완효서)'s Chilrok(칠록), Susokyongjeokji's system of classification consisted of four parts-Kyung(경), Sa(사), Cha(자), Chip(칩). The four parts were divided into 40 orders. Its appendix was again divided into two parts, Buddihism and Taiosm. Under the two parts there were fifteen orders. Totally Susokyongjeokji was made of six parts and fifty five orders. In comparison with Hansoyemunji(한서예문지), it clearly showed the conception of Kyung, Sa, Cha, Chip. Especially it deserved to be paid attention that Hansoyemunji laied history off Chunchu(춘추) and removed history to Sabu(사부). However Chabu(사부) put many contrary subjects such as Cheja(제자), Kiye(기예), Sulsu(술수), Sosol(소설) into the same boundary, which committed errors insufficient theoretical basis. Anothor demerit of Susokyongjeokji was that it dealt with Taiosm scriptures and Buddism scriptures at the appendix because they were considered as quasi-religion. Its compilation of bibliographical facts consisted of main preface(Taesoh 대서), minor preface(Sosoh 소서), general preface (Chongsoh 총서), postscript (Husoh 후서). Its bibliological facts mainly focused on the titles. Its recorded authors' birth date and their position. It wrote the lost and existence of books consecutive to total number of books, which revealed total of the lost books in Su Dynasty. 3) Modelling on the basis of Kokumsorok(고분서록) and Naewaekyongrok(내외경록), Kudangsokyongjeokji(구당서경적지) had four parts and fourty five orders. It was estimated as the important role of establishing basic frame of classification by four norms in classification theory's history. However it had also its own limit. Editing and compling orders of Kudangsokyongjeokji had been not progressively changed. Its orders imitated by and large Susokyongjeokji. In Its system of organizing catalogue, with its minor preface and general preface deleting, Kudangsokyongjeokji by titles after orders sometimes broke out confusion because of unclear boundaries between orders. 4) Shindangsoyemunji(신당서예문지), adding 28,469 books to Kudangsokyongjeokji, recorded 82,384 books which were divided by four parts and fourty four orders. In comparison with Kudangkyongjeokj, Sindangsoyemunji corrected unclear order's norm. It merged the analogical norms four orders (for instance, Kohun 고훈 and Sohakryu 소학류) and seperated the different norms four orders (for example, Hyokyong 효경 and Noneuhryu 논어류, Chamwi 참위 and Kyonghaeryu 경해류, Pyonryon 편년 and Wisaryu 위사류). Recording kings' behaviors and speeches (Kikochuryu 기거주류) in the historical parts induced the concept of specfication category. For the first time, part of Chipbu (집부) set up the order of classification norm for historical and literatural books and documents (Munsaryu 문사류). Its editing and compiling had been more simplified than Kudangsokyongjeokji. Introduction was written at first part of bibliographies. Appendants except bibliographic items such subject, author, title, volume number, total were omitted. 5) Songsayemunji(송사예문지) were edited in the basis of combining Puksong(북송) and Namsong(남송), depending on Sabukuksayemunji(사부국사예문지). Generally Songsayemunji had lost a lot of bibliographical facts of many books. They were duplicated and wrongly classified books because it committed an error of the incorrectly annalistic editing. Particularly Namsong showed more open these defaults. Songsayemunji didin't include the books published since the king Youngchong(영종). Its system of classification was more better controlled. Chamwiryu(참위류) in the part of Kyongbu(경부) was omitted. In the part of history(Sabu 사부), recordings of kings' behaviors and speeches more merged in the annals. Historical abstract documents (Sachoryu 사초류) were seperately arranged. In the part of Chabu(자부), Myongdangkyongmaekryu(명당경맥류) and Euisulryu(의술류) were combined. Ohangryu(오행류) were laied off Shikuryu(시구류). In the part of Chipbu(집부), historical and literatural books (Munsaryu 문사류) were independentely arranged. There were the renamed orders; from Wisa(위사) to Paesa(패사), Chapsa (잡사) to Pyolsa(열사), Chapchonki(잡전기) to Chonki(전기), Ryusoh(류서) to Ryusa(류서). Introduction had only main preface. The books of each subject catalogued by title, the volume number, and author and arranged mainly by authors. Annotations were written consecutively after title and the volume number. In the afternote the number of not-treated books were revealed. Difference from Singdangsohyemunji(신당서예문지) were that the concept and boundary of orders became more clearer. It also wrote the number of books consecutive to main subject. 6) Modelling on Chonkyongdangsomok (경당서목), Myongsayemunji(명사예문지) was compiled in the basis of books and documents published in the Ming Danasty. In classification system, Myongsayemunji partly merged and the seperated some orders for it. It also deleted and renamed some of orders. In case of necessity, combining of orders' norm was occured particulary in the part of Sabu(사부) and Chabu(자부). Therefore these merging of orders norm didn't offer sufficient theretical background. For example, such demerits were seen in the case that historical books edited by annals were combined with offical historical ones which were differently compiled and edited from the former. In the part of Chabu(자부), it broke out another confusion that Pubga(법가), Meongga(명가), Mukga(묵가), Chonghweongka's(종횡가) thoughts were classified in the Chapka(잡가). Scriptures of Taiosim and Buddhism were seperated from each other. There were some deleted books such as Mokrokryu(목록류), Paesaryu(패사류) in the part of history (Sabu 사부) and Chosaryu(초사류) in the part of Chipbu(집부). The some in the each orders had been renamed. Imitating compiling system of Songsayemunji(송사예문지), with reffering to its differ-ence, Myongsayemunji(명사예문지) wrote the review and the change of the books by author. The number of not-treated books didn't appear at the total. It also deleted the total following main subject.

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한글 인식과정에서의 안구운동 특성분석

  • 김창희;이동춘
    • Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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    • 1995.04a
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    • pp.199-208
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    • 1995
  • 본 연구에서는 사람이 한글을 읽는 동안에 문자인식에 영향을 미치는 문장구조의 여러 요소 중 글자크기와 줄간간격에 대한 주시시간과 오독률을 분석함으로써 한글 인식에 있어서 사람에게 적합한 문장구조를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다고 할 수 있다. 실험에서는 남녀 각 5명씩의 피실험자에게 아이카메라를 착용시킨 후, 40cm 거리에서 문장중심과 피실험자의 시선이 일치되게 하여, 각기 다른 문장구조를 가 지는 9개의 실험예문(B5용지)을 소리내어 읽게 하였다. 실험결과로 부터 글자크기 와 줄간간격은 읽기수행도(reading performance)에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 이용하여 인쇄물의 제작시에 적용시켜 읽기수행도를 제고시킬 수 있다.

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진한(奏漢)시기 의정사(醫政史)에 관한 연구 -관우진한의정사적연구(?于秦漢醫政史的硏究)

  • Park, Hyeon-Guk;Park, Jeong-Hui;Yang, Jun;Kim, Gi-Uk
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.19 no.2 s.33
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 2006
  • 향의약학영향료직접효력적의약정책급위료관철적양정책입적의약조직기구화각충의약사병제도등(向?約學影向了直接效歷的?約政策及危了關鐵的洋政策立的?約組織紀柩和各忠?約事?制度等), 도시현대의정관리화약정관리체계적구성부분(都是現代?政管理和約政管理?系的柩成部分). 의정관리화약정관리도보건복지적중요구성부분(?政管理和約政管理都保健福祉的重要柩成部分). 의정화약정책명사개념자동근현대개시사용적(?政和約政策名?槪念自洞近現代開始使用的), 불과본논문상언급적개념도시왕조사회적내용(不過本?文上言及的槪念都是王朝社會的內容). 진관왕조사회몰용의정화약정저명사개념(進管王朝社會沒用?政和約政這名?槪念). 단시여현대적의정화약정개념차불다일양(但是?現代的?政和約政槪念差不多一洋). 유이본논문상용현대적‘의정’개념개전연구(由而本?文上用現代的‘?政’槪念開展硏究), 관우재왕조사회상의정병기영향의학발전(?于在王朝社會上?政幷基影響?學發展). 논자최근화중국양준교수합작병진행관우자종진한시대도청조적의정사공동연구(?者最近和中國梁畯敎授合作幷進行?于自種秦漢時代到淸朝的?政史共同硏究), 파타당작기근향후한의학유관적아국정책급교육(把?當作基根向后韓?學有?的我國政策及敎育), 보건행정등방면상(保健行政等方面上), 반망활용이참고자료(盼望活用以參考資料). 본몬문시저반연구작업제일두서(本論文是疽般硏究作業第一斗緖), 지우자종형성중국최초통일국가적진조도한조적의정사(至于自種形成中國最初統一國家的秦朝到漢朝的?政史), 진한적정책개요(秦漢的政策槪要), 진한의약정책(秦漢?約政策), 관우의정기구진한의관제도적작용(?于?政肌柩秦漢?官制度的作用), 진한의약정책화의약발전관계(秦漢?約政策和?約發展?系), 진한의정평가화형성원인등분성오개방면후(秦漢?政?伽和形成原因等分成五介方面后), 진행연구병정리보고기결과(進行硏究幷整理報告基結果).

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금궤, 금궤록과 중경금궤록의 관계에 대한 고찰

  • Yang, Yeong-Seon
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.19 no.1 s.32
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    • pp.211-214
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    • 2006
  • 북송(北宋)의 교정의서국(校正書局)에서는 치평(治平) 3년에 왕수(王洙)가 발견한 ${\ulcorner}$금궤옥함요약방(金玉函要略方)${\lrcorner}$을 다시 정리하여 장중경(張仲景)의 ${\ulcorner}$금궤방론(金方論)${\lrcorner}$이라는 이름으로 발간하면서, 그 서문 뒤에 ‘중경금궤록(仲景金)’이라고 언급하였는데, 필자는 역사적인 각도에서 금궤라는 명칭의 연원과 금궤 금궤록이 ${\ulcorner}$금궤방론(金方論)${\lrcorner}$서문 뒤에 언급된 ‘중경금궤록’와 어떤 관계가 있는가에 대하여 고찰하여 보았다. 금궤라는 명칭은 귀중한 서적이나 물품을 보관하던 장소를 지칭하는 말로 사용되었는데, 서명으로는 ${\ulcorner}$한서(漢書) 예문지(藝文志)${\lrcorner}$${\ulcorner}$감여금궤(堪輿金)${\lrcorner}$라는 명칭으로 최초로 등장하며, 의서로는 ${\ulcorner}$진서(晋書)${\lrcorner}$갈홍전(葛洪傳)에 ${\ulcorner}$금궤약방(金藥方)${\lrcorner}$이라는 서명으로 최초로 나온다. 현존하는 ${\ulcorner}$도장(道藏)${\lrcorner}$ 제(第)6부(部) 동현부(洞玄部) 옥결류(玉訣類)에 있는 ‘신선복이단석행약법(神仙服餌丹石行藥法)’의 일부분의 내용이 갈홍(葛洪)의 ${\ulcorner}$포박자(抱朴子)${\lrcorner}$와 서로 같고, 이것이 ${\ulcorner}$금궤록${\lrcorner}$일 가능성이 매우 높다. 손기(孫奇) 등 송(宋)의 신하가 ${\ulcorner}$금궤방론(金方論)${\lrcorner}$ 서문 뒤에 인용한 내용은 ${\ulcorner}$주후비급방${\lrcorner}$ 서문과 ${\ulcorner}$포박자내편(抱朴子內篇) 잡응(雜應)${\lrcorner}$의 내용과 서로 일치한다. 송(宋)의 신하가 인용한 서문은 갈홍(葛洪)이 쓴 것을 다시 인용하였을 가능성이 높고, 그 중에 ${\ulcorner}$금궤록${\lrcorner}$과 관련이 있는 내용은 장중경(張仲景)과는 아무 상관도 없다.

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Argument Alternations with Meaning Differences (논항변이와 의미차이)

  • 김현효
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.240-244
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    • 2002
  • Argument alternation in English sentences such as “load hay onto the truck" vs. “load the truck with hay" or “Bees are swarming in the. garden" vs. “The garden swarms with bees" present an interesting dilemma for linguistic theory in several ways. Along with each kind of syntactic rearrangement of arguments goes a subtle but significant and systematic change in the verb's meaning. This has been called as different terminology such as “Double-faced", “Verbal diathesis", and most commonly as “Argument alternation", Dowty adopts terminology: Agent-subject (A-subject) form and Location-subject (L-subject) form in referring the two kinds of sentences and analyses as well as describes their different properties. In this paper, I basically follow the Dowty(200l)'s assumption while surveying several linguists's analysis and show its theoretical adequacy. and show its theoretical adequacy.

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The Recognition of Korean Auxiliary Verb and its Description Based on Conceptual Graph (한국어 보조동사의 인식 및 개념그래프에 의한 표현)

  • 이병희
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2001
  • Korean auxiliary verbs are often used in Korean sentences in spite of the small number of the auxiliary verbs, However. the incorrect processing of the verbs concept leads to the poor translation quality. To solve the problems of the auxiliary verb processing. the paper proposes a description of the auxiliary verbs based on Conceptual Graph (CG), For the description of the auxiliary verbs within CG. we first collect 40 Korean auxiliary verbs and example sentences from papers and a Korean dictionary, Next, we perform the analysis of the Korean auxiliary verbs through a classification: perfective, progressive, benefactive, attemptive, emphatic, desirable, retentive, and presumptive. Then we depict the eight meanings based on CG. In the experiment. the paper implements the program that translates sentences included in the auxiliary verbs into CG and explains the experimental results.

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Automatic Selection of Similar Sentences for Teaching Writing in Elementary School (초등 글쓰기 교육을 위한 유사 문장 자동 선별)

  • Park, Youngki
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.333-340
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    • 2016
  • When elementary students write their own sentences, it is often educationally beneficial to compare them with other people's similar sentences. However, it is impractical for use in most classrooms, because it is burdensome for teachers to look up all of the sentences written by students. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel approach for automatic selection of similar sentences based on a three-step process: 1) extracting the subword units from the word-level sentences, 2) training the model with the encoder-decoder architecture, and 3) using the approximate k-nearest neighbor search algorithm to find the similar sentences. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the accuracy of 75% for our test data.

User-oriented Adaptive English Typing Program Implementation using Python (파이썬을 이용한 사용자 중심의 적응적 영문 타이핑 프로그램 구현)

  • Kim, Hye-Suk;Lee, Ho-Jun;Tak, Dong-Kil
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.1575-1584
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, we implemented a user - oriented adaptive English typing program using class and function structure provided by Python to get English learning effect while effectively typing English on PC. The user of the implemented English typing program creates a text file of required English example sentences and links them to use it for direct English typing exercise. In addition, based on the English sentence used in the English typing exercise, it is possible to obtain the English learning effect by providing the ability to perform the memorization test. The interface of the program is structured in the form of a game so that it can be accessed interestingly, and the ranking among the users is disclosed to provide a positive function. We expect that the implemented program will improve the user's English typing speed and improve the English learning effect.