• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.347-348
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 P3-DX 모바일 로봇과 영상처리 시스템을 이용하여 비주얼 서보잉 시스템을 개발하였다. P2Arm 다이나믹을 이용해서 비주얼 서보잉을 위한 로봇 팔 제어를 연구하였고, 로봇을 제어하는 데 있어 보다 효율성과 정확성을 높이기 위해 Kalman 필터 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 비주얼 서보잉에 필수적인 영상정보를 얻기 위해 5자유도 P2Arm에 CCD카메라를 부착하였으며 그 영상정보를 바탕으로 P2Arm을 비롯하여 전체 로봇의 구동을 제어하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 P3-DX의 전체적인 구조와 P2Arm의 기구학적인 해석을 논하였고 물체 인식을 위한 영상처리 과정 및 제어알고리즘을 기술하였다. 또한 몇 가지 실험을 통해 본 시스템의 효율성을 검증하였다.

• ICROS
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

최근 하드웨어의 발전으로 데이터 처리 속도가 기하급수적으로 빨라짐에 따라 영상처리 기술이 급속도로 발전하고 있다. 이와 동시에 카메라 영상을 활용한 로봇과 무인 시스템의 연구 개발 또한 빠르게 이루어지고 있으며 실제적 한계에 부딪혀 검증되지 못했던 기존의 많은 이론들이 검증되어가고 있다. 본 기술논문에서는 카메라 영상을 이용한 로봇 제어 기술, 즉 비주얼 서보잉(visual servoing) 기술에 대하여 소개하고 앞으로의 기술 발전 방향에 대하며 고찰한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.983-986
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 TCP/IP 기반에서 JPEG 변환과 마이크로프로세서 8051을 이용 원거리에 있는 Device를 PDA로 제어하는 영상감시 시스템에 대해 연구하였다. 우선 서버는 카메라를 이용하여 영상을 획득하고 획득한 영상에 대해 JPEG Encoding을 한 후, 인터넷을 통해 PDA로 전송한다. PDA는 수신한 JPEG Data를 가지고 Decoding을 하고 사용자에게 영상을 보여주게 된다. Device는 카메라, 서보모터, 마이크로프로세서 8051로 구성되어 있으며 8051에 의해서 서보모터를 제어해서 카메라의 방향을 변경한다. 사용자는 서버에서 보내는 영상을 PDA로 수신 실시간으로 영상을 감시한다. 그리고 용 원거리에 있는 서버에 제어신호를 보내 자신이 원하는 방향으로 카메라의 위치를 제어 할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.705-713
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• 2009

This paper proposes CORBA-based visual servoing system of humanoid robot. To effectively control the humanoid robot which is connected to network, it needs to define necessary services for visual servoing as distribution object, and realize them in the middleware. For realizing it following services should be addressed. Naming service for searching a necessary service with unique name assigned to each object, image service for supplying image obtained from stereo camera. In the experiment, we show the result of balloon tracking and bursting that the robot tracks balloons as target objects in the real time, and if a balloon stop for a certain time, then the robot bursts the balloon.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2468-2470
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• 2003

비주얼 서보잉이란 로봇팔 등과 같은 제어기의 폐루프에서 입력단에 영상을 이용하는 것이다. 영상에 나타난 정보는 특징점을 통해 얻을 수 있으며, 매시간 이 특징점의 위치를 추적함으로써 제어기의 출력값을 결정한다. Optical flow를 이용하는 가나데 특징점 추적기는 특징점 추적기 중에서 성능이 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 가나데 특징점 추적기를 이용하여 실시간으로 로봇팔을 제어하고 결과를 분석하도록 한다. 실험에 이용되는 로봇팔은 전체 6축이며 기존의 5축 상용로봇의 end-effector에 ccd카메라를 좌우로 회전가능하도록 기구부를 추가하였다. 6DOF를 갖도륵 변형된 로봇팔을 기구적으로 분석하고 자코비안을 획득한 후, 로봇팔의 end-effector에 설치된 카메라를 통하여 특정 영상이 얻어지도록 로봇의 end-effector의 속도를 생성해내고, 자코비안의 역행렬을 통해 로봇의 각 관절을 제어하는 과정을 기술하고 분석한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.691-700
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• 2017

This paper describes the design and implementation of automatic braille converter based on image processing for a person who is visually impaired. The conversion algorithm based on the image processing converts the input image obtained by the web-cam to binary image, and then calculates the cross-correlation with the stored character pattern image by labeling the character area and converts the character pattern image into the corresponding braille. The computer simulations showed that the proposed algorithm showed 95% and 91% conversion success rates for numerals and alphabets printed on A5 paper. The prototype test implemented by the servo motor using Arduino confirmed 89%, conversion performance. Therefore, we confirmed the feasibility of the automatic braille transducer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2014

In this paper, an image-based visual servo control strategy for tracking a target object is applied to a camera-mounted omni-directional mobile robot. In order to get target angular velocity of each wheel from image coordinates of the target object, in general, a mathematical image Jacobian matrix is built using a camera model and a mobile robot kinematics. Unlike to the well-known mathematical image Jacobian, a simple rule-based control strategy is proposed to generate target angular velocities of the wheels in conjunction with size of the target object captured in a camera image. A camera image is divided into several regions, and a pre-defined rule corresponding to the target-located image region is applied to generate target angular velocities of wheels. The proposed algorithm is easily implementable in that no mathematical description for image Jacobian is required and a small number of rules are sufficient for target tracking. Experimental results are presented with descriptions about the overall experimental system.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

This paper surveys vision based autonomous navigation technologies for unmanned systems. Main branches of visual navigation technologies are visual servoing, visual odometry, and visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Visual servoing provides velocity input which guides mobile system to desired pose. This input velocity is calculated from feature difference between desired image and acquired image. Visual odometry is the technology that estimates the relative pose between frames of consecutive image. This can improve the accuracy when compared with the exisiting dead-reckoning methods. Visual SLAM aims for constructing map of unknown environment and determining mobile system's location simultaneously, which is essential for operation of unmanned systems in unknown environments. The trend of visual navigation is grasped by examining foreign research cases related to visual navigation technology.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

In this paper, the HILS (Hardware In-the-Loop Simulation) system to analyze and to verify the performance of the targeting pod is addressed. The main functions of the targeting pod is acquiring and tracking targets to guide a LGB (Laser Guided Bomb) to the targets. For the analysis of targeting pod, the real time simulate images generation of IR and daylight cameras, sever control technology, and the analysis of laser transfer characteristics are necessary. For the real time image generation and the laser transfer characteristics analysis, off-the-shelf SDK(Software Development Kit) OKTAL-SE is used. For the servo controller, well-proven mechanism in the previous program is applied to increase servo control accuracy. To analyze the performance of a targeting pod in a realistic environment, 1553B, ARINK818 interface and etc. which are actually implemented in real combat aircrafts are applied in the system. By using the developed HILS system, the performance of currently operating targeting pods in real combat aircrafts can be analyzed and predicted. Additionally, the relationship between overall system performance and each module performance can be analyzed, the currently developed HILS system is expected to be a very useful tool to generate system development requirements of targeting pods and to reduce any possible future development risks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

It is necessary to improve the exactness and adaptation of the working environment in the intelligent robot system. The vision sensor have been studied for this reason fur a long time. However, it is very difficult to perform the camera and robot calibrations because the three dimensional reconstruction and many processes are required for the real usages. This paper suggests the image based visual servoing to solve the problem of old calibration technique and supports OLP(Off-Line-Programming) path compensation. Virtual camera can be modeled from the real factors and virtual images obtained from virtual camera gives more easy perception process. Also, Initial path generated from OLP could be compensated by the pixel level acquired from the real and virtual, respectively. Consequently, the proposed visually assisted OLP teaching remove the calibration and reconstruction process in real working space. With a virtual simulation, the better performance is observed and the robot path error is calibrated by the image differences.