• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2017

식물공장 내 작물의 생육은 제공되는 인공광원의 광원 및 광질에 영향을 받으며, 광흡수 파장에 따라 다르다. 또한 광합성에 효과적인 형태의 빛의 계속적인 빛의 조사보다는 광 펄스를 조절하여 공급하여 준다면 더욱더 효과적인 생육 환경을 제공해 줄 수 있다. 식물의 최적 생장을 위해 특정 파장대의 빛을 선택적으로 조사할 수 있는 LED특성을 사용하여 UV광원을 포함한 인공광원의 펄스폭 변조에 따른 적치마 상추의 생육특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 광환경은 Red(660 nm), Blue(450 nm), UV(395 nm) LED를 8:1:1 비율로 광량 $160{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 주파수 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0 kHz로 조사하여 주었으며, 온도 $20{\sim}23^{\circ}C$, 습도 50~60%, $CO_2$농도 1,000 ppm으로 조성하여 주었다. 아시아종묘 적치마상추를 파종 후 18일 째 되는날 정식, 정식 후 14일 28일 째 되는날 SPAD, 지상부 지하부의 생체중 및 건물중, 엽폭, 엽장을 측정하였으며, 측정한 엽폭과 엽장을 이용하여 엽형지수 산출, 지상부 지하부 생체중 값을 이용하여 S/R율을 산출하였다. SPAD 측정결과 생육시기가 증가할수록 SPAD함량은 감소하였으며, 1.25와 2.5 kHz에서 생육 시기 증가에 대한 SPAD함량 감소가 컸고, 3.75와 5.0 kHz의 경우 SPAD함량의 감소량은 작았다. 지상부 생체중은 3.75 kHz에서 121.51 g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 2.5, 1.75, 5.0 kHz 순으로 높은 값을 나타났다. 지하부 생체중의 경우 3.75 kHz에서 31.31 g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며 2.5, 5.0, 1.25 kHz 순으로 높게 나타났다. 엽형지수는 생육 시기가 증가에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 1.75, 2.5, 5.0, 3.75 kHz 순으로 크게 나타났다. 지상부 건물중 측정결과는 지상부 생체중 결과와, 지하부 건물중의 측정결과는 지하부 생체중 결과와 동일하였다. S/R율은 1.75 kHz를 제외하고 생육시기가 증가할수록 S/R율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주파수가 높아질수록 S/R율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 엽형지수는 엽폭/엽장으로 엽형지수를 산출한 결과로 값이 작을수록 엽폭이 넓은 형태를 의미하며, 생체중값이 가장 크게 나타났던 3.75 kHz에서 엽형지수의 값이 가장 낮게 나타났으며 3.75 kHz를 제외하고 주파수가 높을수록 엽형지수의 값이 낮게 나타났다. 이에 주파수에 따른 적상추의 생육은 3.75 kHz에서 가장 좋은 것으로 판단할 수 있었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 1997

To determine variations in leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), leaflet size (LS), and leaflet shape index (LSI), and their association with eight agronomic traits, characterization data of 884 soybean accessions which were grown in the autumn of 1992 in Taiwan were analyzed. LL ranged from 4.3 to 14.7 cm, and LW ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 cm. Also, LS (LL $\times$ LW) ranged from 12.1 to 124.6 $\textrm{cm}^2$. The absolute variation of LL, LW, and LS was not large because of limitation in vegetative growth by short day length. None was classified as a large leaflet based on the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. LSI (LL /LW) ranged from 1.21 to 3.06, and three accessions were classified as narrow leaflet. There were differences in ranges and means of LL, LW, LS, and LSI between and within temperate and tropical accessions. LL, LW, LS, and LSI had highly significant positive correlations with seven agronomic traits and highly significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight except LW for all accessions. There was variation in the closeness of association among leaflet traits, and between and within temperate and tropical accessions. Generally, LL, LW, and LS were more closely associated with days to flowering, plant height at $R_1$ and $R_8$, number of pods per plant; LSI was more closely associated with 100-seed weight than other traits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.47-51
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• 1975

Leaf area and its relationships with other important agronomic traits were investigated with 727 lines of Korean local soybeans. Distributions of the leaf area, length, leaf width and LAI of the lines were shown in normal curves. Leaf area was positively associated with leaf length, and width, plant height, and seed size. Leaf form is rather affected by leaf width than leaf length.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1985

Morphological characteristics of leaves of 10 natural populations of Quercus mongolica and 9 natural populations of Q. serrata were investigated to study inter-population and intra-population variability as well as interspecies variability. Five leaf form indices, blade length/max. blade width, blade length/petiole length, blade length/vein number, upper 1/3 blade width/max.blade width, upper 1/3 blade width/lower 1/3 blade width, as well as petiole length and vein number were included in the present study of Leaf variabilities of the Quercus population. All of the investigated leaf variabilities except for the case of blade length/petiole length, in Q. serrata indicated highly significant differences among the populations and among the individual trees within population. Both of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata represented different leaf forms between southern populations and northern populations in the indices of blade length/max. blade width, blade length/petiole length and blade length/vein number, and so the leaf forms of northern populations were more similar to the unique characters of Q. mongolica and those of southern populations were more similar to the unique characters of Q. serrata. The variability among individual trees within population was more notable in blade length/petiole length, and petiole length than in other leaf form indices, and also it was more obvious for Mt. Kyeryrong population located in middle part of the country than for other population.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

This study was conducted by estimate of leaf characteristics and growth performance among selected 20 families progenies of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai. Mean seedling height and root-collar diameter in whole progenies showed 61.6cm, 6.98mm, respectively. Mean seedling height of KW 2-5 family was 79.3cm and it was higher than that of other families. JN 2-2 family had highest value, 9.16mm, in mean of root-collar diameter. Growth performances of KW 2-5 and JN 2-2 families showed 57% (in seedling height), 53% (in root-collar diameter) superior to those of lowest marked families. The selection level based on growth performances, which are seedling height over 75.0cm and root-collar diameter over 8.0mm, were applied on whole families, and two families selected (KW 2-5, JN 2-2). The selection effects from selected families was evaluated as 125% compared to the mean of whole families. The coefficient of variation (C.V) appeared wide range, $9.4{\sim}42.4%$, in estimated leaf characteristics. Particularly, C.V of petiole length (PL) and petiole diameter (PD) showed 42.4% and 28.7%, respectively. Their were higher value than other leaf characteristics. Analysis of variance for all leaf characteristics were significantly different among families. Also, there had positive correlation between most leaf characteristics except the correlation between leaf length (LL) and leaf morphological index (LMI, LW/LL). Particularly, the correlation between leaf length and leaf width (LW) showed the highest correlation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2016

It is important to know know deleterious impact of deicing salt on plants for guidelines of planting along roads. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Liriope platyphylla and Pachysandra terminalis. The plants were grown from November of 2015 to March of 2016 in pots containing growing media with $CaCl_2$ at 0% (Control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0% (based on the weight). While plant growth and photosynthetic activity were significantly decreased in both plant species grown on the media with $CaCl_2$, the degree of sensitivity to $CaCl_2$ differed. The plant growth of Liriope platyphylla was considerably injured under higher than 3.0% of $CaCl_2$, whereas Pachysandra terminalis was all dead under higher than 1.0% of $CaCl_2$. This results indicate that Liriope platyphylla has higher degree of tolerance to the deicing salt than Pachysandra terminalis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.666-676
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• 2000

For the study of morphological variation of Q. variabilis natural population in Korea, 19 populations were selected through the country in considering latitude, longitude, and geographical characters. Thirty trees were randomly selected from each population and 60 mature leaves were sampled from each tree. Four characters (leaf blade length, maximum blade width, petiole length, and vein number) were measured, and their ratios (the ratio of blade length to maximum blade width, the ratio of blade length to petiole length, the ratio of petiole length to vein number, upper 1/3 blade width to maximum blade width, and upper 1/3 blade width to lower 1/3 blade width) were calculated. 1. Analysis of variance for all leaf characters were significantly different among populations and among individuals within population. Contributions of variance among individuals within population in all the characters were higher than those among populations. Therefore, selection of plus trees may be preferable to desirable populations for breeding program of Q. variabilis. 2. Among principal component analysis for leaf characters, primary 2 principal components appeared to be major variables for leaf form of Q. variabilis because of the loading contribution of 80.5%. The first contribution component was petiole length/vein number and petiole length ; the second one was upper 1/3 blade width/maximum blade width, upper blade width/lower 1/3 blade width and vein number, respectively. 3. Latitude was positively correlated with blade length/maximum blade width and blade length/petiole length, but negatively correlated with petiole length/vein number, upper 1/3 blade width/maximum blade width, upper 1/3 blade width/lower 1/3 blade width, petiole length, and vein number. But, for longitude and altitude the former two traits and the later five traits exhibited the negative and positive correlation, respectively. 4. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method for leaf characters showed two groups to Euclidean distance 1.6. They were group I of population 1. 4, 5, and 13 and group II of population 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. However, group II was divided again to Euclidean distance 1.3, that is a group including population 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, and 17(group II-1) and the other group comprising population 2, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, and 19(group II-2). This cluster could be mainly observed due to difference among population in aspect (group I : NE, group II-1 : SE, and group II-2 : SW).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2018

메밀은 마디풀과(polygonaceae)의 메밀속에 속하는 일년생 초본으로 야생종을 포함하여 20여 종이 확인되고 있다. 현재 재배되고 있는 메밀 재배종은 보통메밀(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)과 쓴메밀(Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn., 타타리메밀) 등 두 종이 주류를 이루고 있으며 우리나라에서는 보통메밀이 주로 재배되어 왔다. 본 연구는 농업유전자원센터에서 보유중인 보통메밀 341점과 쓴메밀 38점을 봄, 여름에 파종하여 특성조사를 수행하고 재배시기별 생육특성을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 봄, 여름 파종은 각각 2017년 4월 14일과 8월 17일에 전주 소재 농업유전자원센터 포장에 하였으며 줄기색, 엽색, 엽형, 개화기, 성숙기, 꽃색, 종피색, 종자모양, 주경절수, 총분지수, 백립중 등 11개 농업형질을 조사하였다. 봄 파종시 개화기는 대부분 5월 25일 전후였으며 성숙기는 6월 말부터 7월 중순까지 분포하였고 여름 파종시는 9월 15일 전후 개화하여 10월 말에 성숙하였다. 줄기색은 홍색의 비율이 높았고 엽색은 연녹색과 녹색이 대부분이었으며 엽형은 화살촉형이 90% 이상이었다. 꽃색은 흰색이 대부분이었지만 연녹색 자원도 40점 조사되었으며 종피색은 연갈색이 70%를 차지하였다. 종자 생산과 관련된 주경절수와 총분지수는 봄 파종과 여름 파종에서 많은 차이를 나타냈으며 봄 재배시 영양생장이 왕성하여 가을 재배보다 많은 주경절수와 총분지수가 조사되었다. 그러나 백립중에서는 여름 파종이 봄 파종보다 무거운 경향을 나타내어 주경절수, 총분지수와 백립중 간 부의 상관관계를 추론할 수 있었다. 일반메밀 유전자원을 국내 수집지별로 나누어 조사한 결과 주경절수와 총분지수는 봄, 여름 파종 모두에서 전남 수집자원이 가장 많았으며, 강원, 경남, 경북, 전북, 충북 수집자원과 유의성있는 차이를 나타내었다. 강원, 충북 수집자원은 제일 낮은 주경절수와 총분지수를 보였으나 백립중은 가장 높게 조사되었다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2017

This study aimed to determinate the effect of fluorescent light and light-emitting diodes on the leaf morphology, growth and antioxidant capacity of Salvia plebeia. The plants were grown for 56 days after transplanting (DAT) under the fluorescent light (FL) and LEDs (White, Red and Blue (R+B, ratio 2:1), Blue, Red LED) under the same light intensity and photoperiod ($130{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 12 hours). Leaf length, width and number of Salvia plebeia at the 56 DAT were significantly higher under the FL and red LED, and lower in the RB LED and white LED. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoot and leaf area were observed in the red LED, followed by the FL and blue LED, and the lowest in the RB LED and white LED. After 21 DAT, leaf apinasty symptom was appeared in plants grown under red LED and RB LED. The chlorophyll content was lower in the red LED. The specific leaf weight, the ratio of leaf dry weight to area, was higher in the blue LED, and lowest in the FL. No significant difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity of Salvia plebeia under the different light sources. All the integrated results suggest that the FL light is a proper light conditions for a closed cultivation of Salvia plebeia.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The study aimed to determine effects of light emitting diode (LED) and the ultraviolet radiation (UVA) light of plant factory on plant growth and ascorbic acid content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea cv. Shusiro). Plants were grown in a NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system for 28 days after transplanting with fluorescent light (FL, control), LEDs and UVA (Blue+UVA (BUV), Red and Blue (R:B(2:1)) + UVA (RBUV), Red+UVA (RUV), White LED (W), Red and Blue (R:B(2:1)), Blue (B), Red (R)) under the same light intensity ($130{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and photoperiod (16/8h = day/night). All the light sources containing the R (R, RB, RUV, and RBUV) showed leaf epinasty symptom at 21 days after transplanting (DAT). Under the RUV treatment, the lengths of leaf and leaf petiole were significantly reduced and the leaf width was increased, lowering the leaf shape index, compared to the R treatment. Under the BUV, however, the lengths of leaf and leaf petiole were increased significantly, and the leaf number was increased compared to B. Under the RBUV treatment, the leaf length was significantly shorter than other treatments, while no significant difference between the RBUV and RB for the fresh and dry weights and leaf area. Dry weights at 28 days after transplanting were significantly higher in the R, RUV and BUV treatments than those in the W and FL. The leaf area was significantly higher under the BUV treatment. The ascorbic acid content of the 28 day-old spinach under the B was significantly higher, followed by the BUV, and significantly lower in FL and R. All the integrated data suggest that the BUV light seems to be the most suitable for growth and quality of hydroponically grown spinach in a plant factory.