• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2014

This study attempted to determine the effects of fermented green tea extracts on hair by using them in a perm. For this, hair is bleached, and then the fermented green tea extracts and water were supplied to the hair using a mist sprayer. Then the hair was permed, and hair damage was tested. Regarding hair moisture levels and wave formation, specifically, the morphological changes of hair were investigated with the Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The study results found the following. In terms of wave formation, the fermented green tea extract-based perm was much better than the general perm. In addition, hair bleaching was more serious in the latter. According to analysis on hair moisture using SEM, hair damage was more prevalent in the general perm as well. Therefore, it was confirmed that green tea extract-based perms cause less damage to the cuticle. In other words, the potential of fermented green tea extracts as a hair cosmetics material was discovered. Furthermore, it appears that the study results contribute to the development of low-irritating scalp and hair care products using the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the fermented green tea extracts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This study has attempted to figure out the effects of the surface heat of perm rods on hair. For this, after forming perm waves, hair damage and its causes have been investigated with a different hair bleach method. If hair was bleached immediately without shampooing after a perm using the heat of rods, great perm waves were formed. However, severe damage was found on the hair because of the heated rods. In addition, when hair was shampooed and dried after the perm, hair bleach was more effective. It has been confirmed that hair was damaged because of high temperature of the surface of the rods. In fact, the heated rods had a direct effect on hair damage. According to these results, it has been confirmed that heat-based perms can accelerate hair damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study on the minimization of the heating of permanent tools.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

This study comparatively analyzed hair bleaching and degree of damage by the temperature of a heating tool after coloring hair with a permanent, semi-permanent or plant hair dye. According to analysis by spectrophotometer, 'semi-permanent hair dye' was the highest, followed by 'permanent hair dye' and 'plant hair dye' in terms of changes in $L^*$ values. In terms of changes in hair shape when analyzed using FE-SEM, 'semi-permanent hair dye($150^{\circ}C$ or lower)' was the greatest, followed by 'plant hair dye($180^{\circ}C$ or lower)' and 'permanent hair dye($200^{\circ}C$ or lower)'. Therefore, it is reasonable to flat iron hair at low temperature. According to the test, amino acid values gradually decreased in both bleached and colored hair. The results obtained through TGA-based thermal analysis confirmed that as brightness increases, hair moisture contents decrease. This study aimed to protect hair by suggesting a correct use of a flat iron by the hair dye type during hair coloring. It appears that the study results would help hairdressers minimize hair damage by using a hair dye at proper temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

Appearance is a means of competitiveness for modern people, and one of the factors that harms the desires of modern people is white hair. For the modern man who needs to express beautiful appearance to others by covering white moth, we performed hair analysis after white moth hair dye treatment. The maximum modulus and tangential modulus according to the maximum load, maximum tensile strength, maximum elongation, breaking load, fracture strength, elongation at break, and evaluation interval between 1N-3N experimental group and control group of 1N-Respectively. Maximum load, maximum tensile strength, breaking load and breaking strength tended to be larger than those of the control group, while the maximum elongation and breaking elongation were the highest in the control group and the elongation decreased with the experimental group treatment. The maximum modulus and tangential modulus of the 1N-3N test group were higher than those of the control group at 0~0.15 and 0.15~2.5, respectively. Based on the study on the cosmetic changes of the hair before and after the treatment, it can be used as a basic data to select the correct oxidative hair dye product, the proper amount of application and the time to leave.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.393-396
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest the knowledge and scientific information of the damage and improvement according to hair coloring manipulation. The study investigated variations of mechanical, nourishment(amino acid cystine) shape of cuticle characteristics according to hair coloring during 40, 50 minute. The results were as follows; Tensile strength was decreased variations of 6.62%, 13.68%, extension rate was increased variations of 10.58%, 12.28%, thickness was increased variations of 9.15%, 15.64% in 40 min. and 50 min. hair coloring. Content of amino acid cystine was lowered variations of 23.00%, 30.49% according to time of manipulation. A shape of cuticles was disfigured and brocken by reason of hair coloring manipulation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate hull colorant as a natural hair coloring dye. The extract of pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried to get colorant powder. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on the dye uptake of hair by using Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Sn compounds, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength was measured and the surface of the hair was observed. Dye uptake of hair measured by K/S value (400 nm) indicated that ionic bonding seems to be involved in the sorption of pomegranate colorant to hair. Maximum sorption was obtained at pH 3.5 and the concentration of 50% (on the weight of hair, o.w.h.). Acidic dyeing condition (pH $3.5{\sim}5.0$) showed yellow color however alkaline dyeing condition (pH $7{\sim}11$) gave reddish yellow color. Pomegranate hull colorant produced greyish brown color on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordants except Fe did not increase dye uptake significantly. Mordants except Cu increased light fastness and mordants except Cr increased washing fastness level slightly. According to SEM observation and the tensile strength retention measurement, the mordant dyed hair gave more damage to hair by ultraviolet light and washing than the hair dyed without mordanting. Experimental results of K/S value and colorfastness(light and washing) supported that pomegranate hull colorant without mordanting can be used as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2020

To overcome the harmful effects caused by conventional oxidative hair dyes, natural colorants becomes more popular in the hair dyeing. By extracting Sagassum fusiforme powders with aqueous alkaline solution as a solvent at 130℃ for 60 minutes, a fucoxanthin concentration of up to 216㎍/ml can be obtained. UV/Vis analysis was used to prove the presence of fucoxanthin in the extract powder. A K/S value of 23.8 can be obtained when wool fabrics were dyed with the extract at 120℃ for 60 minutes under pH 2. The color fastness properties of the dyed wool fabrics were very good as indicated by rating 4 for laundering(color change), rating 3 or higher for rubbing, and rating 5 for light irradiation. The dyed wool fabric was found to have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the Sagassum fusiforme extract can be an effective functional hair colorant. Hair dyeing with the extract formulation at 45℃ for 40 minutes under pH 5 accomplished a K/S value of 8.9. The color fastness of the dyed hair showed rating 3 against light irradiation, which increased to rating 5 with after-mordanting of tannin acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.875-884
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• 2012

Many Koreans have recently bleached their black hair to blond or a light color due to the influence of their favorite Korean idols. Bleaching effects were studied under various bleaching conditions, such as the concentration of oxidants, the ratio between bleach accelerant and oxidant, and treatment temperature and time. The degree of damage of bleached hair with the same color difference (${\Delta}E$) intervals was observed in SEM images, the retention of breaking load and the change of color after dyeing. The ratio between bleach accelerant and oxidant of 1:2.5 was an effective condition. $L^*$ values of the bleached hair treated with 9% oxidant increased to 90 min. At a treatment temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, $a^*$ values were maximum at 30 min and then decreased as time further increased; however, $b^*$ values of the bleached hair increased as the treatment time increased. At $45^{\circ}C$, both of $a^*$ and $b^*$ values showed a maximum at a specific time. Bleaching efficiency was influenced most by temperature, followed in order by time, and oxidant concentration. As the treatment time increased, $L^*$ values greatly increased with twice treatment; however, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values decreased. Bleached hair, which had a color difference of higher than 30, showed the scales were completely removed and the retention of the breaking load greatly decreased. Highly bleached hair showed a great decrease in $L^*$ values by dyeing; however, dyeing with bright colors was more indicative to the effect of bleaching.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

This study classified the hairstyle types of flight attendants in flight on A airline, the largest low-cost carrier in Asia. The cabin crew does not maintain a constant commute time, but the hairstyle will change with the diversification of commute time according to flight schedules. Therefore, in the case of a female cabin attendant, if there is a lot of time before going to work, a hairstyle such as a up hair style may be maintained. However, when you have less time to trim your hair, keep your daily hairstyle, such as one-length cuts and gradation cut, or keep your hair ponytail-like. The cabin crew maintains a variety of hairstyles, but the color of the hair prefers natural brown or slightly lighter dyeing, and the lighter hair due to excessive bleach is not preferred.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2022

Regulation of the hair follicle cycle in association with dermal papilla cells is one of the most interesting targets for promoting hair regrowth. In this study, we examined whether steam-dried Betula platyphylla extracts (BPE) promote hair growth by upregulating in vitro and in vivo responses of dermal papilla cells. The data showed that BPE3 contained high amounts of phenolic compounds with higher antioxidant effects and increased hair growth-related genes, including fibroblast growth factor7 and Wnt7b, in dermal papilla cells. Notably, BPE3 effectively enhanced the formation of hair follicles by increasing FGF7, Wnt7b, and vascular endothelial growth factor in C57BL/6N dorsal skins. Additionally, BPE3 significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory repertoires, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase 2. Several small molecules, such as betulin and unsaturated fatty acids, support the pharmacological activity of BPE3. In conclusion, BPE3 effectively promoted hair growth by activating dermal papilla cells and enhancing hair follicle cycles by attenuating the inflammatory environment in the scalp.