• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1999

We observed the structure of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL) which is one of the best studied plant defense-related genes responding to pathogen infection by producing suberin, lignin, and phytoalexins. In tomato, at least 5 different genetic loci have been identified by genomic southern blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses of partially cloned gene fragments (Lee et al. 1992). However, our results suggest that two other isoforms designated as PAL X1 and PAL X2 are located on the chromosome in tomato plant. Furthermore, the preliminary results obtained from southern blot hybridization analyses of subcloned fragment digested with several restriction endonuclease indicated that PAL X1 and PAL X2 clones contain at least two copies of PAL gene and partial nucleotide sequence analyses of each subcloned fragment with the same primer taken from known nucleotide sequence of PAL5 gene indicated that they are located side by side on the same chromosome.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.192-195
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• 2000

Degenerate primevs corresponding to the consensus sequences of the copper-binding regions in the N- and Cterminal domains of fungal laccases were used to isolate laccase gene-specific sequences froin a white rot rungus Ganodern~a lucidrm w-hich has been known to strengthen the imnnne system. A 1.6 Kbp fragment was amplified by PCR and its base sequence was detenuiued. Locating seven iutrous within the base sequence, we could deduce its amino acid sequence. The nucleotide sequence witl~out introlls was 47Y0 identical to that of lee1 gene of Pametes wllosa; lhe identity in amino acid sequences of the two was 7994 The deduced amino acid seqoence was also sunilar to those of Coriolus versicolo~ kc3 (79%); Co~,iolz~s hirsutus phenolouiduse (78%), Trainetes vel.srcoloi. lccl (77%), Trametes ~!i/Iosa Ice2 (77%) and Trametes vemicolor kc4 (66%).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2001

This study was analyzed by PCR technique with specific primer in order to investigate the characteristics of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin (${\beta}$-LG) gene 5'flanking region in Korean native goat. This work confirmed amplified product of 1,077 bp fragments obtained from the amplification of ${\beta}$-LG promoter from genomic DNA using PCR in Korean native goat. The nucleotide sequence of ${\beta}$-LG gene 5'flanking region in Korean native goat as compared with that of sheep ${\beta}$-LG were different at 46 base of 897 nucleotides, and showed high homology as about 94.9% each breed. Especially we confirmed that the difference of nucleotide sequences between Korean native goat and sheep were consisted of $T{\rightarrow}C$ substitution and $C{\rightarrow}T$ substitution reversely. As a consequences, the sequences of ${\beta}$-LG gene 5'flanking region showed a high homology between Korean native goat and sheep. Furthermore we should be studied that relationships between the control of gene expression and nucleotide sequences of transcription factor in Korean native goat.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2006

To understand the efficient process of biological nitrogen removal (BNR) system, the structure of bacterial communities in nitrification reactors was analyzed using PCR and terminal restriction fragment length poly morphism (I-RFLP) methods. In this study, we used an advanced treatment system with plotting media, Nutrient Removal Laboratory system, or the rumination type sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The terminal restriction fragments of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and other $\beta-proteobacteria$ were observed in all of three BNR systems. The nucleotide sequence analysis of terminal restriction fragments showed that Nitrosomonas and Nitrosolobus were major populations of AOB in SBR system, whereas uncultured $\beta-proteobacteria$ and Cardococcus australiensis were the predominant groups in other two BNR systems. Also the SBR system may be more efficient to enrich AOB. These results indicate that the different structure of bacterial community may be developed depending on the wastewater treatment systems, although the same influent is used.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1999

To develop the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) adopting p10 gene promoter of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV), we characterized the p10 gene of SeNPV. The nucleotide sequence of 545 bases including the coding region of p10 gene was determined. Compared with the previously reported SeNPV p10 gene (Zuidema et al., 1993), 4 bases were different in the 5' and 3' flanking region but no difference was found in the coding region. The p10 gene was located within Xho I 1.5 Kb, Sph 1 2.4 Kb and Cla I 4.0 Kb fragments by Southern hybridization analysis. Also, the Sph I 2.4 Kb and the Cla I 4.0 Kb fragments were cloned and their restriction enzyme maps were determined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.477-484
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• 2019

Several types of scavenger receptors, including the Collectin-Placenta 1 (CL-P1) receptorthat is present in mammals, are molecules that are expressed on the surfaces of endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. These molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that can be conjugated to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Among these molecules, the effect of quercetin on CL-P1 activation has been confirmed. Quercetin is known as an antioxidant that stops oxidation because it acts to remove free radicals that are responsible for the oxidation reaction. In this study, fragments from the transcription start site of the mouse CL-P1 gene promoter to the -500th base were cloned using DNA polymerase. These fragments were then introduced into macrophage like RAW264.7 cells and fibroblast-like NIH3T3 cells to study the effect of quercetin on the CL-P1 gene expression. As a result, we found that bases ranging from -250 to -350 in the anterior part where gene expression starts are important for producing CL-P1 protein. Among them, the DNA mutation experiments we performed confirmed that the E2F binding sites are critical for producing the CL-P1 protein? In addition, when quercetin was added to the RAW264.7 culture medium, which was a culture of adherent cells, observedthe phenomenon of the cells falling off from the surface of the culture container.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

Photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodospirillum rubrum, have been reported to change their metabolic patterns depend-ing on the light condition. The genetic approach for such a metabolic change is one of main subject in pho-tosynthetic bacteria. It has been reported that the extrachromosomal plasmid might be related to this metabolic regulation. In this study, we have determined the partial sequences of R. rubrum plasmid pKYl with HindIII fragments and the predicted pKYl ORFs and physical map. We found the 8 putative proteins related to the genetic recombination of bacterium, which is reported to the alternative gene expression. Our results suggest that the genes located in pKYl are possibly involved in the metabolic switch according to the photocondition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.474-478
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• 2005

This study was conducted to analyze genetic characteristics and to develop the specific marker for Cheju native horse (Coo) at the level of sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). We collected blood samples from Cheju native horse and Thoroughbred horse (Th) and obtained genomic DNA from the blood of 50 individuals randomly selected within the breeds. Seven hundred primers were chosen randomly and were used to examin the polymorphism and 40 kinds of primers showed polymorphic RAPD band patterns between two breeds. Thirty primers of them showed horse specific bands. With the primer MG 30, amplified band of 2.0 kb showed the specificity to Cheju native horse (Cnh). Additionally MG 53 detected the thoroughbred horse (Th) specific markers at size of 2.3 kb. As the next, 2.3 kb band from MG 53 was checked with the all individuals from all the breeds of this study, and it maintained the reproducible breed specificity to thoroughbred horse (Th). With this results, 2.3 kb band was cloned into plasmid vector and sequenced bidirectionally from both ends of the cloned fragment. With the obtained sequences 10 nucleotide extended primers including the original arbitray primer were designed as a SCARs primer. Finally, the primer with extended sequence showed the reproducible breed differentiation pattern and it was possible to identify Cheju native horse (Cnh) from other breeds. The SCARs marker 2.3 kb from MG 53 could be used to identify Cheju native horse (Cnh) for not only registration but also horse breeding programe.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.3 s.86
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• pp.314-320
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• 1998

A 0.4 kb cDNA fragment was isolated from mRNA of UV or mechanical wound damaged Pleurotus sajor-caju by the differential display method. Expression of the gene corresponding to this cDNA fragment was highly induced by mechanical wound damage or UV treatment. This gene showed only basal level expression in mycelia, stipe, and cap under normal growth conditions. Sequencing analysis showed that this cDNA fragment contains partial open reading frame. Homology search using genbank database revealed that although this gene do not have homology with already reported wound induced genes, it has a significant sequence homology in defined region with the cdc2-related protein kinase gene which is known to be involved in negative regulation of meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2003

The five different foodborne pathogenic bacterial genera of Escherichi, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Listeria are important sources of foodpoison. However, the method was not developed to simultaneously differentiate these five bacteria at molecular level. The optimized concentrations of the four major PCR cocktail components of $MgCl_2$, dNTPs, primers and template DNA were determined when ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus)-PCR reactions were carried out to differentiate the five differnet foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The optimized concentration of $MgCl_2$ was determined to be 2 mM in order to obtain a consistent fingerprinitng pattern. The similar fingerprinting pattern was obtained when ERIC primers and dNTPs were added up to the concentrations of 2 ${\mu}M$ and 200 ${\mu}M$, respectively. As for template DNA, the numbers of PCR fragments were not affected, but their intensities were increased as the concentrations of the DNA were increased.