• Title/Summary/Keyword: 염기서열 차이

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A systematic study of Glechoma L. (Lamiaceae) based on micromorphological characters and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences (미세구조학적 형질 및 핵 리보솜 DNA의 ITS 염기서열에 의한 긴병꽃풀속(꿀풀과)의 계통분류학적 연구)

  • Jang, Tae-Soo;Lee, Joongku;Hong, Suk-Pyo
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.22-32
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    • 2014
  • The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

Sequence Diversity of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene in Grey Goral Naemorhedus caudatus(Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from Korea (한국의 산양(우제목, 소과)의 미토콘드리아 Cytochrome b 염기서열 다양성)

  • Koh, Hung-Sun;Yang, Byong-Guk;Lee, Bae-Kun;Lee, Jong-Hyong
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2002
  • To add genetic information to the conservation efforts on grey coral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Korea, we investigated the pattern of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (606 bp) of six specimens from two localities in Korea. The corresponding sequences of N. caudatus in China obtained from GenBank were also used. The nucleotide Tamura-Nei distances between each of four haplotypes of N. caudatus in Korea and the haplotype of N. caudatus in China varied from 0.0650 to 0.0803: N. caudatus revealed high level of sequence diversity in Bovidae. In N. caudatus in Korea, the distances among three haplotypes at Yanggu were 0.0151 to 0.0185, and it suggests that the genetic diversity of Yanggu population was decreased in low level. Moreover, the distances between each of three haplotypes at Yanggu and one haplotype at Samcheok were 0.0343 to 0.0489. It indicates that habitat isolation caused the continuous increase of genetic distance with geographic distance in N. caudatus, and various conservation plans for mitigating the loss of genetic diversity in Korea have to be in immediate action. To clarify the taxonomic status of N. caudatus, the sequence (276 bp) of N. goral available from GenBank were also utilized, and n goral was not distinct from N. caudatus. It suggests that they may be conspecific, but further analyses with additional specimens of two species are necessary.

Analysis of rDNA ITS Region from Trametes spp. in Kangwon Province, Korea (강원도 지역 구름버섯균의 rDNA의 ITS 부위 염기서열 분석)

  • Lee, Mi-Jeong;Jun, Sang-Cheol;Hwang, Il-Ki;Choi, Han-Ku;Kim, Kyu-Joong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2005
  • Nineteen strains of Trametes species were collected from the area of Kangwon Province, Korea. They have a variety of color hands and line-up markings on fruit bodies. Most strains were categorized into four types based on color bands, that is, dark brown, light brown, dark gray and light gray. They also have line-up marking shapes from sparse to compact on fruit bodies. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the genetic variation and morphological appearance of these species using the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequence, we used nineteen strains collected in nature and four species of five standard strains (T. versicolor KCTC16781, KCTC26203, T. villosa KCTC06866, T. suaveolens KCTC26205 and T. hirusta KCTC26200). The data of ITS sequences indicated that nineteen strains of T. versicolor have the difference of $1{\sim}6$ base pairs, comparing with standard strains of T. versicolor KCTC16781, and KCTC26203. Phylogenetic analysis of the Trametes species showed that they grouped into a wide range of single clade. Standard strains except T. versicolor KCTC16781 and KCTC26203, formed separated subgroup.

Phylogenetic relationships of genera Trametes on the basis of ITS region sequences (rDNA의 ITS 부위 염기서열 분석에 의한 구름버섯 균주의 유전적인 유연관계 분석)

  • Lee, Chan-Jung;Jhune, Chang-Sung;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Oh, Jin-A;Han, Hye-Su;Um, Na-Na
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried to identify a correct species and asses genetic diversity within the same species of Trametes spp. preserved in Division of applied Microbiology The morphological and cultural characteristics of preserved strains were observed through microscope and investigated on PDA, respectively. Contaminated isolates showed different growth rates, morphology and color of hyphae. We have reconstructed the phylogenetic tree of a select group of Trametes spp. using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS) region. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining method. PELF primers of 20-mer were used to assess genetic diversity of preserved isolates. Sequence analysis showed that five strains were different species and six strains were identified completely different nomenclature. According to the analysis of ITS sequences, the genus Trametes clustered into four distinct group, most of which correlated with species-groups identified by RAPD method. Seven isolates included TM 01 strain showed high similarity with Trametes versicolr, TM 07 and TM 10 high similarity with Trametes gibbosa, and TM 05 high similarity with Trametes elegans. But isolates collected in the United States was identified as T. junipericola. T. gibbosa and T. versicolor by RAPD analysis of genetic polymorphisms showed a very different band patterns and these strains showed different band patterns on areas. As the result of RAPD and ITS region sequences analysis for preserved isolates, it seems likely that 11 isolates of Trametes spp. may be need to reclassify or eliminate from preserved catalogue.

Phylogenetic Study of Ganoderma applanatum and Schizopora paradoxa Basd on 5S rRNA Sequences (5S rRNA 염기서열에 으한 잔나비걸상과 좀구멍버섯의 계통학적 연구)

  • Kim, Hak-Hyun;Jung, Hack-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.177-181
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    • 1994
  • The sequences of the cytoplasmic 5S rRNAs(EMBL accession number X73589 and X73890) from two polupores, Ganoderma applanatum and Schizopora paradoxa, were determined by the direct chemical method for sequencing RNA and compared to the sequences of 9 reported mushrooms. 5S rRNAs of Ganoderma applanatum and Schizopora paradoxa consisted of 118 bases and fit the secondary structure model of the 5S rRNAs of basidiomycetes proposed by Huysmans et al. Based on Kimura’s K_nuc values, the closest fungus to Ganoderma applanatum was Ceratobasidium cornigerum and the one to Schizopora paradoxa was Bjerkandera adusta. When the secondary structures of 5S rRNAs of 11 mushrooms were compared the base substitution occurred at helix regions more than at loop regions. When a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor program of the PHYLIP package, it partially discriminated and separated the mushrooms of the Hymenomycetes by the order.

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Analysis of RNA Polymerase Beta Subunit (rpoB) Gene Sequences for the Discrimination of Cyanobacteria Anabaena Species (남조세균 Anabaena 종 구분을 위한 RNA Polymerase Beta Subunit (rpoB) 유전자 염기서열 분석)

  • Cheon, Ju-Yong;Lee, Min-Ah;Ki, Jang-Seu
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.268-274
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    • 2011
  • Anabaena (Cyanobacteria, Nostocales) are important for water quality controls, because they are often responsible for freshwater green tides; moreover, some species are reported to produce hepatotoxin. In this study, we sequenced RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene of Anabaena, and evaluated their sequences for the potential use of a molecular taxonomic marker in this taxon. Anabaena rpoB showed low DNA similarity and high genetic divergences when compared those of 16S rRNA, and the molecular differences were statistically significant (Student t-test, p<0.01). Parsimony analyses showed the rpoB gene evolves 4.8-fold faster than 16S rRNA. In addition, phylogeny of the rpoB gene separated each Anabaena strain more clearly compared with a 16S rRNA tree. These results suggest that the rpoB gene is a useful marker for the molecular phylogenetics and the species discrimination of Anabaena.

A Comparison of Bacterial Diversity Associated with the Sponge Spirastrella abata Depending on RFLP and DGGE (RFLP와 DGGE에 따른 해면 Spirastrella abata 공생세균의 다양성 비교)

  • Jeong, Eun-Ji;Im, Choon-Soo;Park, Jin-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.366-374
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    • 2010
  • Culture-dependent RFLP and culture-independent DGGE were employed to investigate the bacterial community associated with the marine sponge Spirastrella abata. A total of 164 bacterial strains associated with the sponge were cultivated using Zobell and Natural sea salt media. PCR amplicons of the 16S rDNA from the bacterial strains were digested with the restriction enzymes HaeIII and MspI, and then assigned into different groups according to their restriction patterns. The 16S rDNA sequences derived from RFLP patterns showed more than 95% similarities compared with known bacterial species, and the isolates belonged to four phyla, Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteriodetes, of which Alphaproteobacteria was dominant. DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rDNAs amplified from the sponge- derived total gDNA showed five major DGGE bands, and their sequences showed more than 96% similarities compared with available sequences. The sequences derived from DGGE bands revealed high similarity with the uncultured bacterial clones. DGGE revealed that bacterial community consisted of four phyla, including Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Spirochetes, and Chloroflexi. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were commonly found in bacteria associated with S. abata by both RFLP and DGGE methods; however, overall bacterial community in the sponge differed depending on the analysis methods.

Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Anemone pendulisepala (Ranunculaceae) (태백바람꽃(Anemone pendulisepala, Ranunculaceae)의 분자계통학적 검토)

  • Lee, Chang Shook;Lee, Nam Sook;Yeau, Sung Hee
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.263-277
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    • 2006
  • Anemone pendulisepala, recently described as a new species, is distributed in sympatry with A. reflexa, A. amurensis, and A. raddeana at Mt. taebeark and Mt. Baekdu. Anemone pendulisepala was previously proposed to be a hybrid species between A. reflexa and A. amurensis becaue it displavs overlapping features with them in involucre shape, petiole length, sepal apex and xylem shape, To verify the taxonomic status and to examine the hybridity of A. pendulisepala, sequences of ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the psba-trnH, rps16 and trnLF region of cpDNA from 36 accessions of 5 taxa including outgroup were analyzed. In maximum parsimony tree based on ITS sequences, A. pendulisepala had the same sequences of A. reflexa and was clustered with monophyletic A. amurensis, and then A. raddeana. Anemone pendulisepala was distinguished from the other taxa by having four base insertion in rps16 region, two species-specific bases and insertion in trnLF region. In the phylogenetic trees of combined cpDNA, A. pendulisepala showed monophyly with the bootstrap 100%. Anemone pendulisepala exhibited no polymorphism and shared no sequences with putative parental or related taxa examined in this study. Molecular data suggest that A. pendulisepala should be a distinct species, and no evidence of the hybridization was detectcd.

Genetic Diversity of Rana catesbiana Captured on various sites in Korea based on mitochondrial ND1 sequence (미토콘드리아 ND1 유전자 염기서열 비교를 통한 국내 서식 황소개구리의 유전적 다양성 조사)

  • Lee Ji-Young;Shim Jae-Man;Joung Insil
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.297-300
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    • 2005
  • 1970년대 식용을 위한 양식을 목적으로 일본에서 수입된 황소개구리가 국내 하천과 호서생태계에 큰 피해를 주었으나, 최근 급속히 그 개체수가 줄어든 것으로 추정되므로 이번 연구에서는 국내에 서식하는 북미산 황소개구리의 유전자 분석을 통하여 개체동태군에 대한 유전적 연관을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 전라남도 지역에서 서식하는 황소개구리를 채집하여 이미 발표된 북미산 황소개구리와 미토콘드리아 ND1/tRNA 유전자 1215bp의 염기서열을 비교, 분석하였다. 북미산과 비교하였을 때 조사한 국내 서식 개체 모두에게 ND1/tRNA 유전자 1개 위치에서 염기변화가 발견되었으나 이는 도입 개체군의 유전자인지 국내 특이변이가 진행된 것인지 확실하지 않다. 또한 조사한 개체 일부에서 유전자 염기서열의 6위치에서의 변이가 발견되었으나 국내 서식 황소개구리는 미국산 황소개구리와의 유전적 차이가 거의 없으며, Kimura-2-parameter 분석결과 국내 서식 황소개구리 개체 내에서 $98.7\%\~100\%$의 높은 유사성을 보여 종내 유전적 차이가 거의 없는 것으로 보인다. Neighbor-Joining과 Maximum Parsimony 분석 결과, cluster를 이루는 개체군의 차이를 보였으므로 개체들이 분화되어 나온 시점과 위치가 다른 것으로 확인되었지만 장흥, 영암, 고흥의 개체가 국내 도입시기의 개체군에 속하며 광주, 남평 지역의 개체군이 고흥의 한 개체로부터 분화되어 나왔음을 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 결과로부터 국내에 서식하는 황소개구리가 도입 후 지역 특이적 분화가 일어났다고 결정하기는 무리가 있으며, 이와 같이 유전적 유전도가 높은 개체들간의 교배에 따른 유전적유전적 다양성의 감소가 최근에 관찰되는 국내산 황소개구리의 급격한 감소원인들 중의 하나일 가능성을 시사한다.년도) 18,756, 2045(년도) 22,595, 시장점유율 증가로 인한 수출액 증가분 누적(억원) : 2015(년도) 3,411, 2025(년도) 8,847, 2035(년도) 14,433, 2045(년도) 18,005 또한 시나리오 비교평가를 실시하여 본 결과, 본 연구에서 정의한 순편익 누적(Cumulative Net Profit) 변수를 적용하면 현재 연구비 추세 대비 $30\%$ 까지 연구비를 증가 시키는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.성, 생산 용이성, 제품 디자인의 우수한 정도가 a=0.01 수준 하에서 유의적으로 추정되었다. 이들 변수들 중에서 품질경쟁력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 측정변수는 제품의 기본 성능, 수명(내구성), 신뢰성, 제품 디자인의 순서로 추정되었다. 이것은 한국 제조업이 아직 산업 디자인이 품질경쟁력에 크게 영향을 미치는 성숙단계에 이르지 못하였음을 의미한다. (2) 제품 디자인에게 영향을 끼치는 유의적인 변수는 연구개발력, 연구개발투자 수준, 혁신활동 수준(5S, TPM, 6Sigma 운동, QC 등)이며, 제품 디자인은 우선 품질경쟁력을 높여 간접적으로 고객만족과 고객 충성을 유발하는 것으로 추정되었다. 상기의 분석결과로부터, 본 연구는 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 첫째, 신상품 개발과 혁신을 위한 포괄적인 연구개발 프로젝트를 품질 경쟁력의 주요 결정요인(제품의 기본성능, 신뢰성, 수명(내구성) 및 제품 디자인)과 연계하여 추진해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 기업은 디자인 경영 마인드 제고와 디자인 전문인력 양성을, 대학은 디자인 현장 업무를 통하여 창의력 증진과 기획 및 마케팅 능력 교육을, 정부는 디자인 기술개발 및 디자인 교육지원의 강화를 통하여 각각 디자인 경쟁력$\rightarrow$품질경쟁력을 제고시켜야 할 것이

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Phylogenetic Relationships of Korean Campanulaceae Based on PCR-RFLP and ITS Sequences (PCR-RFLP와 ITS 염기서열 분석을 이용한 한국산 초롱꽃과(Campanulaceae)의 계통유연관계)

  • Kim, Kyung-Ah;Yoo, Ki-Oug
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 2011
  • Phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships among 27 taxa, including 2 outgroups of Korean Campanulaceae, using PCR-RFLP analysis and ITS sequences. In the PCR-RFLP analysis, 15 restriction endonucleases produced 244 restriction sites and size variations from the chloroplast DNA, and 59 restriction sites (24%) showed polymorphism. The length of the ITS regions ranged from 588 bp to 797 bp. The sequence divergence including the outgroups is 0-39.36%. Phylogenetic analyses based on PCR-RFLP and ITS data suggest that Campanulaceae is monophyletic; Codonopsis and Platycodon forms an independent clade; the Peracarpa and Asyneuma clade is a sister to the Adenophora-Hanabusaya clade; Campanula is monophyletic; and Wahlenbergia basally branches within the ITS tree, whereas they are placed between Campanula and the Codonopsis-Platycodon clade in the PCR-RFLP tree; Hanabusaya is placed within the Adenophora clade; and Adenophora is paraphyletic and shows discordance to the infrageneric classifications based on morphological data. The present results show two data sets, largely congruent at the generic level, but their phylogenetic positions, in particular the Wahlenbergia and Hanabusaya and the infrageneric classifications in Adenophora, show some incongruence.