• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.162-175
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface temperature of surface fabrics using UAV TIR images, to mitigate problems in the thermal environment of urban areas. Surface temperature values derived from UAV images were compared with those measured in-situ during the similar period as when the images were taken. The difference in the in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures is the highest for gray colored concrete roof fabrics, at $17^{\circ}C$, and urethane fabrics show the lowest difference, at $0.3^{\circ}C$. The experiment power of the scatter plot of in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures was 63.75%, indicating that the correlation between the two is high. The surface fabrics with high temperature are metal roofs($48.9^{\circ}C$), urethane($43.4^{\circ}C$), and gray colored concrete roofs($42.9^{\circ}C$), and those with low temperature are barren land($30.2^{\circ}C$), area with trees and lawns($30.2^{\circ}C$), and white colored concrete roofs($34.9^{\circ}C$). These results show that accurate analysis of the thermal characteristics of surface fabrics is possible using UAV images. In future, it will be necessary to increase the usability of UAV images via comparison with in-situ data and linkage to satellite imagery.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.320-325
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• 2007

인간의 보다 질 높은 생활관을 추구하기 위하여 친 환경적인 산업개발 및 환경 복원 사업에 대한 노력이 최근 들어 끊임없이 지속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 청계천을 대상으로 청계천 복원 전과 복원후의 지표 열 분포도를 작성하고 이를 기반으로 청계천 복원 전${\cdot}$후의 지표 열 변화를 분석하였다. 아울러 지표온도와 현지 관측 자료인 AWS 자료와의 비교 분석을 수행하여 지표온도와 대기온도 차를 도출하였다. ASTER 영상 열적외센서(TIR) 와 GIS 를 활용하여 도시 지표면의 온도를 추출하고, AWS 기 상관측자료와의 상관성 분석 함으로써 도심의 지역적 인 지표 열 패턴과 국지적인 기후연구에 활용가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1323-1337
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• 2020

GEO-KOMPSAT-2A AMI (Advanced Meteorological Imager) radiometric calibration evaluation is an essential element not only for functional and performance verification of the payload but for the quality of the sensor data. AMI instrument consists of six reflective channels and ten thermal infrared ones. One of the key parameters representing radiometric properties of the sensor is a SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) for the reflective channels and a NEdT (Noise Equivalent delta Temperature) for the IR ones respectively. Other important radiometric calibration parameters are a dynamic range and a gain value related with the responsivity of detectors. To verify major radiometric calibration performance of AMI, an offline radiometric evaluation tool was developed separately with a real-time AMI data processing system. Using the evaluation tool, validation activities were carried out during the GEO-KOMPSAT-2A In-Orbit Test period. The results from the evaluation tool were cross checked with those of the HARRIS, which is the AMI payload vendor. AMI radiometric evaluation activities were conducted through three phases for both sides (Side 1 and Side 2) of AMI payload. Results showed that performances of the key radiometric properties were outstanding with respect to the radiometric requirements of the payload. The effectiveness of the evaluation tool was verified as well.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.513-523
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• 2013

This purpose of this work is to explore the characteristics of urban thermal environment distribution with the case of Daejeon. To do that, this work applied GIS Spatial Statistics to the LandSAT images gathered from 2000 to 2011. The urban thermal environment distribution at the time point of 2 showed high spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, it is judged that spatial autocorrelation is needed to increase the reliability and explanatory power of the characteristics of thermal environment distribution. In the case of the thermal in Daejeon, its positive clustering appeared high at the time point of 2, and its clustering in 2011 more gradually decreased than that in 2000 to 2011. In particular, given the decrease in the core H-H region, it was found that the thermal environment of Daejeon was greatly improved. However, since the rise in the region L-L means another changed like construction of a new city, it is judged that it is necessary to come up with a proper plan. It is considered that this analysis of the characteristics of urban thermal environment distribution in consideration of spatial autocorrelation L-L be useful for providing a fundamental material necessary for the policy and project of thermal environment improvement.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.113-118
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• 2008

본 연구는 Landsat 7 ETM+를 이용한 지열자원 평가 가능성 연구로써, 위성영상의 열적외 밴드에서 추출된 지표온도와 지열자료의 비교를 통해 위성영상이 초기 지열 탐사에 적용 가능한지를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 지열자원 부존 가능성 평가를 위해 경상도지역(114-35)의 여름시기영상(2001년8월24일)과 겨울시기영상(2000년3월14일)사이의 DN(Digital Number) 값을 이용하였으며, 두 시기영상은 시추공 온도자료 및 지형자료와 함께 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 영상에서 지표온도 추출을 위해 1) NASA에서 제공하는 지표온도 산출 경험식 ( T = K $_2$ / ln ( K $_1$ / L $_{\lambda}$ + 1 ) )을 이용한 방법과 2) 기상청에서 제공하는 실제 지표면온도 관측자료(n=7)를 이용해 영상의 화소(Pixel) 값을 계산하여 실측값과 비교하였다. 3월과 8월 모두 Ground Truth 방법에 따라 추정한 지표면 온도값이 실측값과 더 가깝게 나타났고, 특히 3월은 NASA의 경험식을 이용했을 때 보다 실측 지표면 온도에 훨씬 더 가까운 것으로 나타났다. 지표온도의 일변화(Diurnal ${\triangle}$T)는 지표 열물성과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로, 일변화(Diurnal ${\triangle}$T) 보다는 지열의 영향이 더 클 것으로 기대되는 계절변화(Seasonal ${\triangle}$T)를 이용하여 지열 자료와 비교해 보았다. 그 결과, 계절변화(Seasonal ${\triangle}$T)는 고도에 영향을 받으며, 일사량에 의한 차이는 거의 일정하게 나타났다. 위성영상에서 계절변화(Seasonal ${\triangle}$T)와 심도 20m 온도를 비교해 본 결과결정계수(R$^2$)는 0.46으로 낮지만 심도 20m 온도가 높을수록 계절변화(Seasonal ${\triangle}$T)는 작아지는 경향을 보여 지열자원 탐사에 있어 위성영상 적용 가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 이번 연구는 기초단계로서 두 시기 위성영상을 이용하여 초기 지열자원탐사에 가능성만을 연구했지만, 지형과 특히 토지피복(함수량 등)에 의한 영향에 대해 좀 더 심도 있는 연구가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

The biotic stress of garlic and tobacco infected by bacteria and virus was evaluated using a thermal imaging camera in a growth chamber. The remote sensing technique using the thermal camera detected that garlic leaf temperature increased when the leaves were infected by bacterial soft rot of garlic. Furthermore, the temperature of leaf was relatively high for the leaves where the colony-forming unit per mL was large. Such temperature patterns were detected for tobacco leaves infected by Cucumber Mosaic Virus using thermal images. In addition, the crop water stress index (CWSI) calculated from leaf temperature also increased for the leaves infected by the virus. The event such that CWSI increased by the infection of the virus occurred before visual disease symptom appeared. Our results suggest that the thermal imaging camera would be useful for the development of crop remote sensing technique, which can be applied to a smart farm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1940-1944
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• 2006

현지관측을 통한 지속적이고 광범위한 지역에 대해 정확하고 정밀하게 조사하여 종합적인 분석과 예측, 결정과정에 있어서, 복잡한 해양의 특성, 여러가지 조사 작업상의 난점, 경제적, 시간적으로 많은 어려움이 따르게 된다. 하지만, 위성원격탐사와 GIS를 이용한 해양환경파악기법은 현지관측에서 얻을 수 있는 제한적인 자료이외의 다량의 자료를 정성 및 정량적으로 데이터베이스화하여 분석함과 동시에 가시화함으로써 해양개발로 인해 불가피하게 초래될 수밖에 없는 환경을 보다 정확하게, 객관적으로 분석하여 장기적으로 예측할 수 있는 고도화된 환경조사 및 평가 기술이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고해상도 위성자료인 Landsat TM 영상과 NOAA AVHRR 자료를 이용하여 수온 및 클로로필을 추출하였으며, GIS를 이용하여 현지관측자료 및 수치해도를 기초로 공간분포도를 작성함으로서 그 외의 수질환경요소를 산출하였다. 위성영상분석은 현장조사와 같은 시점의 Landsat TM 위성영상을 획득하여, 위성 영상은 지구의 곡률과 자전, 위성체의 자세와 고도 및 속도, 그리고 센서의 기하 특성으로 인하여 실제의 지형에 대하여 기하학적 왜곡을 가지고 있으므로 지형도에서 지상기준점(Ground Control Point, GCP)를 추출하여 ERDAS Imagine으로 UTM좌표체계에 따른 기하보정(Geometric Correction)을 실시하였으며, 동일한 시기의 NOAA AVHRR영상을 데이터로 처리하여 수온자료를 추출하였다. 표층수온과 현장관측에 의한 클로로필을 수치 지도화하기 위하여 열적외선영역인 TM band 6의 분광특성값(Digital Number)과 동일한 위치의 수온자료를 기초로 회귀분석을 실시함으로써 수온추출 알고리즘을 도출하여, 분석데이터의 신뢰도를 검증하였으며, 수온, 클로로필, 투명도 등을 위성원격탐사 자료와 GIS를 이용하여 공간분석을 실시하고, 공간분포도를 작성함으로써 대상해역의 해양환경을 파악하였다. 본 연구결과, 분석된 위성자료가 현장조사에 의한 검증이 이루어지지 않을 경우, 영상자료분석을 통한 표층수온 추출은 대기 중의 수증기와 에어로졸에 의한 계산치의 오차가 반영되기 때문에 실측치 보다 낮게 평가 될 수 있으므로, 반드시 이에 대한 검증이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 현지관측에 비해 막대한 비용과 시간을 절약할 수 있는 위성영상해석방법을 이용한 방법은 해양수질파악이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, GIS를 이용하여 다양하고 복잡한 자료를 데이터베이스화함으로써 가시화하고, 이를 기초로 공간분석을 실시함으로써 환경요소별 공간분포에 대한 파악을 통해 수치모형실험을 이용한 각종 환경영향의 평가 및 예측을 위한 기초자료로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.99-112
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• 2015

Observation of land surface temperature in industrial areas is problematic, as it is not possible to construct a network of weather stations with sufficiently high density and continuous operation in such zones. Multiphase remote sensing data that cover a wide area and take a short time to process can enable the user to precisely and continuously measure the current and changing land surface temperatures in a certain region. Jeollanam-Do in South Korea is undergoing rapid industrialization, with the establishment of a number of industrial complexes, such as the Gwangyang Steelworks, Yeosu Industrial Complex, Yulchon Industrial complex, and Daebul Industrial Complex. To look into the properties of industrial complex's temperature, this study uses the thermal band of Landsat 7 ETM+ images acquired under thermal infrared wavelengths in order to calculate and compare the surface temperatures of the four above-named industrial complexes. From this, it is possible to obtain the basic information about industrial complex for environmental and natural resource management, which will aid industrial complex planners in developing methods of addressing environmental problems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.434-439
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• 2019

Recently, interest in urban temperature change and ground surface temperature change has been increasing due to weather phenomenon due to global warming, heat island phenomenon caused by urbanization in urban areas. In Korea, weather data such as temperature and precipitation have been collected since 1904. In recent years, there are 96 ASOS stations and 494 AWS weather observation stations. However, in the case of terrestrial networks, terrestrial meteorological data except measurement points are predicted through interpolation because they provide point data for each installation point. In this study, to improve the resolution of ground surface temperature measurement, the surface temperature using satellite image was calculated and its applicability was analyzed. For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat 8 OLI TIRS were obtained for Seoul Metropolitan City by seasons and transformed to surface temperature by applying NASA equation to the thermal bands. The ground measurement data was based on the temperature data measured by AWS. Since the AWS temperature data is station based point data, interpolation is performed by Kriging interpolation method for comparison with Landsat image. As a result of comparing the satellite image base surface temperature with the AWS temperature data, the temperature difference according to the season was calculated as fall, winter, summer, based on the RMSE value, Spring, in order of applicability of Landsat satellite image. The use of that attribute and AWS support starts at $2.11^{\circ}C$ and RMSE ${\pm}3.84^{\circ}C$, which reflects information from the extended NASA.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

In order to analyze the surface temperature in accordance with the surface material, surface temperatures between Thermal InfraRed Image (TIRI) and Landsat 8 satellite observed at the commercial area (Gwanghwamun) and residential area (Jungnang) are compared. The surface temperature from TIRI had applied atmospheric correction and compared with that from Landsat 8. The surface temperatures from Landsat 8 at Gwanghwamun and Jungnang are underestimated in comparison with that from TIRI. The difference of surface temperature between the two methods is greater in summer than in winter. When the analysis area was divided into detailed regions, depending on the material and the position of the surface, correlation of surface temperature between TIRI with Landsat 8 is as low as 0.29 (Gwanghwamun) and 0.18 (Jungnang), respectively. The results were caused from the resolution difference between the two methods. While the surface temperatures of each zone from Landsat 8 were observed almost constant, high-resolution TIRI observed relatively precise surface temperatures. When the each area was averaged as one space, correlation of surface temperature between TIRIs and Landsat 8 is more than 0.95. The spatially averaged surface temperature is higher at Jungnang, representing residential areas, than at Gwanghwamun, representing commercial areas. As a result, the observation of high resolution is required in order to observe the precise surface temperature. This is because it appears that the spatial distribution of the various surface temperature in the range of micro-scale according to the conditions of the ground surface.