• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.507-519
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• 1989

랜덤 신호의 앙상블 통계 처리 방법은 학교 실험실에서나 연구소 실험실 및 산업계 현장의 계측 시스템에 있어서 그 적용 가능성이 매우 커 이에 대한 파급성이 매우 증가할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 본 방법은 값싼 계측 기자재 등으로 구성하여 보다 정확한 자료를 추출함에 있어 최대의 효과를 내고자 한 점이 가장 크게 평가될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 한편 열. 유체 유동중 난류 계측에 본 방법을 적용하였을 경우 얻을 수 있는 결과들은 무엇보다도, 열선풍속계, A/D변환기, 컴퓨터 등으로 온라인이 가능하여 유동장내 임의 한 위치에서 분석에 필요한 많은 데이터들은 랜덤신호의 동시 계측 및 연산을 통해 쉽게 얻을 수 있으므로, 한 점을 통과하는 난류 랜덤 신 호로부터 통계학적인 난류 유동 특성의 거동을 보다 쉽게 분석할 수 있다는 점이다. 또한 본 방법을 이용하면, 압력 변환기 및 열전대에서 발생되는 랜덤 신호로부터 열. 유체 유동 등을 통 계학적으로 보다 광범위하게 분석할 수 있게 된다. 끝으로 본 연구에서 언급한 랜덤 신호의 앙 상블 개념의 통계 처리 방법은 현재 널리 보급된 소형 컴퓨터 IBM-ST/AT급에서도 쉽게 적용이 가능하기 때문에 많은 이용이 될 것으로 기대되는 바이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.393-402
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• 1995

The structural analysis of the reactor coolant system mainly consist of too fields. The one is the static analysis considering the impact of pressure and temperature built up during normal operation. The other is the dynamic analysis to estimate the impact of postulated events such as the seismic loads or postulated branch line pipe breaks event. Since the most important goal of the RCS structural analysis is to prove the safety of the RCS during normal operation or postulated events, a widely proven theory having enough conservatism is adopted. The load occurring on the RCS during normal operation is considered as the basic design loading condition throughout whole plant life time. The most typical characteristic of the RCS during normal operation is the thermal expansion of the RCS caused by reactor coolant with high temperature and pressure. Therefore, the exact estimation on the thermal movement of the RCS is needed to get more clear understanding on the thermal movement behavior of the RCS. In this study, the general structural analysis concept and modeling method to evaluate the thermal movement of the RCS under the normal plant operation condition are presented. To discuss the validation of the suggested analysis, analysis results are compared with the measured data which ore referred from the standardized 1000 MWe PWR plant under construction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.725-732
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• 2013

This study examined the convective heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids flowing over a heated fine wire. Convective heat transfer coefficients were measured for four different nano-engine-oil samples under three different temperature boundary conditions, i.e., both or either variation of wire and fluid temperature and constant film temperature. Experimental investigations that the increase in the convective heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids in the internal pipe flow often exceeded the increase in thermal conductivity were recently published; however, the current study did not confirm these results. Analyzing the behavior of the convective heat transfer coefficient under various temperature conditions was a useful tool to explain the relation between the thermal conductivity and the boundary layer thickness of nanofluids.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.45-57
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• 2017

Temperature change affects consolidation behavior of soft clays. The increase of temperature in soft clays induces the increase of pore water pressure. The dissipation of the excess pore water pressure decreases volume and void ratio. Also, the consolidation rate is accelerated by high temperature which induces the decrease of viscosity of pore fluid. The effects of temperature on the consolidation behavior such as consolidation settlement, consolidation time, and pore water pressure were investigated in this study. A numerical analysis of hydro-mechanical (HM) and thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behavior was performed. The combination of heat injection and sand drain for consolidating the soft ground, with varying temperature (40 and $60^{\circ}C$) and sand drain diameter (40, 60, and 80 mm), was considered. The results show that the temperature inside soil specimen increases with the increase of the temperature of heating source and the diameter of sand drain. Moreover, the heat injection increases the excess pore water pressure and, accordingly, induces additional settlement in overconsolidated (OC) state and reduces the consolidation time in normally consolidated (NC) state.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-43
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• 1991

균열성암반의 모형화 기술은 계속적으로 보완발전되어 UDEC이 개발되었으며, 현재 UDEC의 최신판은 블록 내부를 다시 유한차분요소로 분할하여 블록의 소성거동(Mohr-Coulomb Model) 및 쪼개짐을 고려할 수 있고, 절리면에서의 유체흐름 및 유압의 발생, 그리고 열응력 해석 등 평면변형 문제의 정적해석과 지진 및 폭발하중을 고려한 동적해석이 가능하다. UDEC은 전처리 기능이 뛰어나 최소한의 입력데이타로써 전체 모형의 데이타를 자동생성시키며 절리면의 통계학적 자동생성 및 터널형상의 자동생성도 가능하다. UDEC은 실용적인 보강요소를 구비하여 Rock Bolt 뿐만 아니라 그라우트를 고려한 Cable Bolt를 모형화할 수 있으며 국부적인(Key Block)보강으로써 불연속체 전체의 안정을 검토할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.37-51
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• 2013

An energy pile encases heat exchange pipes to exchange thermal energy with the surrounding ground formation by circulating working fluid through the pipes. An energy pile has many advantages in terms of economic feasibility and constructability over conventional Ground Heat Exchangers (GHEXs). In this paper, a coil-type PHC energy pile was constructed in a test bed and its thermal performance was experimentally and numerically evaluated to make a preliminary design. An in-situ thermal response test (TRT) was performed on the coil-type PHC energy pile and its results were compared with the solid cylinder source model presented by Man et al. (2010). In addition, a CFD numerical analysis using FLUNET was carried out to back-analyze the thermal conductivity of the ground formation from the Ttype PHC energy RT result. To study effects of a coil pitch of the coil-type heat exchange pipe, a thermal interference between the heat exchange pipes in PHC energy piles was parametrically studied by performing the CFD numerical analysis, then the effect of the coil pitch on thermal performance and efficiency of heat exchange were evaluated. Finally, an equivalent heat exchange efficiency factor for the coil-type PHC energy pile in comparison with a common multiple U-type PHC energy pile was obtained to facilitate a preliminary design method for the coil-type PHC energy pile by adopting the PILESIM2 program.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2024

The robustness of a numerical method means that its computational performance is maintained under various modeling conditions. New numerical methods or codes need to be assessed for robustness through benchmark testing. The TOUGH-FLAC modeling approach has been applied to various fields such as subsurface carbon dioxide storage, geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel, and geothermal development both domestically and internationally, and the modeling validity has been examined by comparing the results with experimental measurements and other numerical codes. In the present study, a benchmark test of the TOUGH-FLAC approach was performed based on a coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical behavior problem with an analytical solution. The analytical solution is related to the temperature, pore water pressure, and mechanical behavior of a fully saturated porous medium that is subjected to a point heat source. The robustness of the TOUGH-FLAC approach was evaluated by comparing the analytical solution with the results of numerical simulation. Additionally, the effects of thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling terms, fluid phase change, and timestep on the computation of coupled behavior were investigated.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.367-373
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• 2009

Many research of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) has been performed under the condition of steady state loading. However, mechanical elements undergo severe high loads that are in the fluctuating modes of frequency and amplitude. Conventional numerical method for the circular contact of EHL study has the difficulty in making the film thickness and pressure of EHL converged in high loads of steady state as well as fluctuating loading conditions. In this work, multigrid multilevel method are used for the stable convergence of film pressure and thickness under the conditions of high as well as varying loads, and very stable solutions of film behaviors with elastic deformation are obtained. Several results of dynamic loading condition are shown and compared with those of steady state condition in the aspects of circular EHL film thickness and pressure.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, the present study investigated the thermal stratification behavior of Lyckebo storage in Sweden, which is the very first large-scale rock cavern for underground thermal energy storage. Heat transfer analysis was carried out for numerical cases with different temperatures of the surrounding rock mass in order to examine the effect of rock mass heating due to periodic storage and production of thermal energy on thermal stratification and heat loss. The change of thermal stratification with respect to time was quantitatively examined based on an index of the degree of stratification. The results of numerical simulation showed that in the early operational stage where the surrounding rock mass was less heated, the stratification of stored thermal energy was rapidly degraded over time, but the degradation and heat loss tended to reduce as the surrounding rock mass was heated during a long period of operation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

Because discontinuity in the rock mass and contact of soil-structure interaction exhibits coupled thermal-hydromechanical (THM) behavior, it is necessary to develop an interface element based on the full governing equations. In this study, we derive force equilibrium, fluid continuity, and energy equilibrium equations for the interface element. Additionally, we present a stiffness matrix of the elastoplastic mechanical model for the interface element. The developed interface element uses six nodes for displacement and four nodes for water pressure and temperature in a two-dimensional analysis. The fully coupled THM analysis for fluid injection into a fault can model the complicated evolution of injection pressure due to decreasing effective stress in the fault and thermal contraction of the surrounding rock mass. However, the result of hydromechanical analysis ignoring thermal phenomena overestimates hydromechanical variables.