• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Recently, attempts of replacing some of natural aggregate with mix of low quality aggregate are carried out for stable supply of aggregate. However, low quality aggregate such as recycled aggregate produced during the disposal process of construction wastes and by-product aggregate produced by industrial activities has problem of failing to comply to KS Standards. Therefore, we have compared fundamental properties of concrete by using granite crushed aggregate, recycled aggregate, blast furnace and electric arc furnace slag aggregate for effective utilization of lacking aggregate resources. As the result, slump in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use. Therefore, it is judged to be economically advantageous as it can expect effects in unit quantity or reduction of SP agent. Compressive strength in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use as it filled internal crevice of concrete with continuous particle size distribution. Accordingly, if we utilize by satisfying standard particle scope through mix of aggregate with different cause of formation in proper ratio, it was possible to confirm utility of mixed aggregate with demonstration of effects of increases of fluidity and compressive strength of concrete.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.797-802
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• 2003

Structured lipids (SL) were synthesized by esterification of corn oil and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in a continuous packed-bed column reactor. The effects of flow rate, reaction temperature, and substrate molar ratios were studied. The reaction was catalyzed by TL IM (immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa). Results of triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis by GC showed that the incorporated CLA isomers were mainly cis9, trans11- and trans 10, cis12-CLA. Slower flow rates yielded higher incorporation, and maximum incorporation of CLA was obtained with a molar ratio of 1:3 (corn oil: CLA) at a temperature of $55^{\circ}C$. The obtained SLs had iodine values ranging from 120 to 128. The SLs were composed of TAG $(98{\sim}99%)$, 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerol ($0.7{\sim}1.3%$), and a small amount of monoacylglycerol.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1986

Using milled barley of four varieties Olbori, Youngsan-bori, Sacheon 6, and Suwon 228, the barley proteins were fractionated by the Osborne method and the modified Osborne method. Two fractionation methods were compared. There was a steady increase in the amount of nitrogen extracted as NaCl concentration increased, reaching a maximum at 0.5M NaCl and the extraction of nitrogen by 0.5M NaCl reached a maximum at $22^{\circ}C$. Alcohol-soluble fraction was least extracted by 70% (v/v) ethanol at $4^{\circ}C$ and most by sequential extraction with 50% (v/v) propan-1-ol alone followed by 50% (v/v) propan-1-ol plus 3% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol. Nitrogen was least extracted between pH 4 and 6 and most extracted at higher pH than 10. The modified Osborne fractionation of the protein complex in the four barleys showed that the salt-soluble nitrogen accounted for 21,4% to 24.1%, hordein-I varied from 30.4% to 43.4%, hordein-II varied widely from 9.3% to 19.5% and borate buffer-soluble glutelin content ranged from 17.1% to 23.7%.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of curing methods of adhesive resins and resin cements in the root canal. Crown portions of 32 single-rooted mandibular premolars were removed. Routine endodontic treatment was done, and 9 mm deep post spaces were prepared within root canals. No.3 FRC Postec posts (Ivoclar-Vivadent AG, Liechtensteih) were cemented in the post spaces by self-(SC) or light-curing (LC) using two dual-cured adhesives (Adper Scotchbond multi-purpose plus and Exite DSC )and resin cements (RelyX ARC and Variolink II). They were assigned to 4 groups (n=8): R-SC, R-LC, V-SC, V-LC group. After stored in distilled water for 24 hours, each root was transversally sectioned with 1.5 mm thick and made three slices. The specimens were subjected to push-out test in a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu Co., Japan) with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed with repeated ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. Also the interface of post-resin cement and resin cement-canal wall of each group was observed under FE-SEM. When fiber posts were cemented into the root canal using total-etch adhesives, the bond strength and adaptation between post and root canal dentin was affected by curing method. Self-cure of adhesives and resin cements showed higher bond strength and closer adaptation than light-cure of them.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.261-273
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• 2004

Advances in information and communication technologies have been creating new classes of applications in the area of databases. For example, in moving object databases, which track positions of a lot of objects, or stream databases, which process data streams from a lot of sensors, data Processed in such database systems are usually changed very rapidly and continuously. However, traditional database systems have a problem in processing these rapidly and continuously changing data because they suppose that a data item stored in the database remains constant until It is explicitly modified. The problem becomes more serious in the R-tree, which is a typical index structure for multidimensional data, because modifying data in the R-tree can generate cascading node splits or merges. To process frequent updates more efficiently, we propose a novel update technique for the R-tree, which we call the leaf-update technique. If a new value of a data item lies within the leaf MBR that the data item belongs, the leaf-update technique changes the leaf node only, not whole of the tree. Using this leaf-update manner and the leaf-access hash table for direct access to leaf nodes, the proposed technique can reduce update cost greatly. In addition, the leaf-update technique can be adopted in diverse variants of the R-tree and various applications that use the R-tree since it is based on the R-tree and it guarantees the correctness of the R-tree. In this paper, we prove the effectiveness of the leaf-update techniques theoretically and present experimental results that show that our technique outperforms traditional one.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

This paper proposes a metrics for example matching under the example-based machine translation for English-Korean machine translation. Our metrics served as similarity measure is based on edit-distance algorithm, and it is employed to retrieve the most similar example sentences to a given query. Basically it makes use of simple information such as lemma and part-of-speech information of typographically mismatched words. Edit-distance algorithm cannot fully reflect the context of matched word units. In other words, only if matched word units are ordered, it is considered that the contribution of full matching context to similarity is identical to that of partial matching context for the sequence of words in which mismatching word units are intervened. To overcome this drawback, we propose the context-weighting scheme that uses the contiguity information of matched word units to catch the full context. To change the edit-distance metrics representing dissimilarity to similarity metrics, to apply this context-weighted metrics to the example matching problem and also to rank by similarity, we normalize it. In addition, we generalize previous methods using some linguistic information to one representative system. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed context-weighted metrics, we carry out the experiment to compare it with generalized previous methods.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2012

Because the embryological features of Jeffersonia dubia are poorly understood, we conducted the first embryological study comparing it to other related genera of Berberidaceae. Important embryological features of J. dubia are as follows: the anther is tetrasporangiate, anther wall formation confirms basic type, glandular tapetum cells are two nucleate, the epidermis persistent, and the endothecium develops fibrous thickenings, anther dehiscence by two valves, meiosis in a microspore mother cell is accompanied by simultaneous cytokinesis, microspore tetrads are usually tetrahedral, pollen grains two cells at the time of anthesis. The ovule is bitegmic, anatropous and crassinucellate, archesporium single celled, development of the embryo sac Polygonum type, a mature embryo sac is ellipsoidal in shape. Endosperm formation is of Nuclear type and embryogeny Onagrad type. Seeds are arillate and seed coat exotestal type. Embryological comparisons showed that Jeffersonia resemble to Epimedium and Vancouveria rather than Berberis and Mahonia in some features, like as number of tapetal cells, cytokinesis in meiosis, and thickness of exotesta. It also resembles to Gymnospermium in mode of anther wall formation, number of tapetal cells, formation of nucellar cap, and nature of antipodal cells. Nevertheless, Jeffersonia and Gymnospermium differ from several other embryological features and molecular data too. Therefore, embryological evidences support that Jeffersonia is closely related with Epimedium and Vancouveria.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to evaluate the effects of the $CO_2$ laser irradiation on demineralization inhibition and rehardening of human primary tooth enamel by laser fluoresecence measurement. Enamel specimens were made from the human primary teeth. The center spots of the specimens about 2 mm diameter were irradiated by $CO_2$ laser at the conditions of focused continuous or defocused pulsed, 3 or 6 W, for 4 seconds, before or after the demineralization by Coca-Cola for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. The Diagnodent was used to measure the degree of demineralization and rehardening. There was no significant difference between focused continuous and defocused pulsed irradiation. 6W irradiation inhibited the demineralization but 3W did not. 6W irradiation rehardened the demineralized enamel but 3W did partially. The color of enamel was changed to brown to black after 6W irradiation but 3W caused no color change. $CO_2$ laser irradiation showed the effects on demineralization inhibition and rehardening of human priamary tooth enamel, and the laser fluoresecence measurement technique seemed to be a valid evaluation method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5344-5351
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• 2013

Chambers in a continuous furnace were designed. A chamber consists of inlets and outlets of nitrogen gas which is used to discharge burned gas and heating pipes (HP) which are used to keep temperature of fired materials at $1,300^{\circ}C$. Design variables were numbers of inlets and outlets, distance between floor and lower HP ($h_1$), distance between lower HP and fired materials ($h_2$), distance between fired materials and upper HP ($h_3$), temperature of HP, numbers of HP and distance between HP. The numbers of inlets and outlets were determined so that nitrogen gas formed a laminar flow for efficient discharge. All other design variables were determined so that temperature of fired materials is as uniform as possible near $1,300^{\circ}C$. Chambers were produced and temperature was measured at 21 points using thermocouples. The largest deviation from $1,300^{\circ}C$ was less than ${\pm}2.2^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

In this paper we investigate context dependent acoustic models to improve the performance of the Korean speech recognition . The algorithm are using the Korean phonological rules and decision tree, By Successive State Splitting(SSS) algorithm the Hidden Merkov Netwwork(HM-Net) which is an efficient representation of phoneme-context-dependent HMMs, can be generated automatically SSS is powerful technique to design topologies of tied-state HMMs but it doesn't treat unknown contexts in the training phoneme contexts environment adequately In addition it has some problem in the procedure of the contextual domain. In this paper we adopt a new state-clustering algorithm of SSS, called Phonetic Decision Tree-based SSS (PDT-SSS) which includes contexts splits based on the Korean phonological rules. This method combines advantages of both the decision tree clustering and SSS, and can generated highly accurate HM-Net that can express any contexts To verify the effectiveness of the adopted methods. the experiments are carried out using KLE 452 word database and YNU 200 sentence database. Through the Korean phoneme word and sentence recognition experiments. we proved that the new state-clustering algorithm produce better phoneme, word and continuous speech recognition accuracy than the conventional HMMs.