• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2017

The combustion properties for the prevention of the fire and explosion in the work place are flash point, explosion limit, autoignition temperature (AIT) etc.. The using of the corrective combustion properties of the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of the handling substance for the chemical process safety is very important. For the safe handling of benzyl alcohol which is widely used in the chemical industry, the flash point and the AIT were measured. And, the lower explosion limit (LEL) of benzyl alcohol was calculated by using the lower flash point which obtained in the experiment. The flash points of benzyl alcohol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $90^{\circ}C$ and $93^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of benzyl alcohol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $97^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. The experimental AIT of benzyl alcohol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $408^{\circ}C$. The LEL of benzyl alcohol measured by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus was calculated as 1.17 vol% at $90^{\circ}C$. In this study, it was to possible predict the LEL by using the lower flash point of benzyl alcohol which measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2014

Thermoacoustic (TA) models have been widely used to predict combustion instability characteristics in a gas turbine lean premixed combustor. However, these techniques have shown some limitations in improving the model accuracy related to an over-simplification of the combustion system and flame geometry. Efforts were made in the current study to improve the limitations of the TA models. One strategy was to modify the actual flame location in the model, and another was to consider the heat release distribution through the flames. The modified TA model results show better accuracy in predicting the growth rate of instabilities compared with the previous results.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2004

To optimize and limit the axial length of baffle in KSR-III engine, stability rating tests using pulse gun as one of artificial disturbance devices have been done. Decay time and other parameters for the evaluation of stabilization ability of engine to external perturbation have been analyzed to quantify stabilization capacity of engine, in other words, dynamic stability margin. If baffle does not cover flame zone enough which can be considered as collision region of injector, it wasn't be able to suppress external perturbation sufficiently. The limit of combustion stability margin of engine is assumed to be 50 mm length baffle.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

For the safe handling of n-undecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-undecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-undecane by using closed-cup tester were measured $59^{\circ}C$ and $67^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of n-undecane by using open cup tester were measured $67^{\circ}C$ and $72^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fire point of n-undecane by using Cleveland open cup tester was measured $74^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-undecane. The experimental AIT of n-undecane was $198^{\circ}C$. The estimated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower flash point $59^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $83^{\circ}C$ for n-undecane were 0.65 Vol.% and 2.12 Vol.%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

To optimize and limit the axial length of the baffle of the KSR-III engine, stability rating tests using pulse gun as one of artificial disturbance devices have been done. Generally a rocket engine can be considered to be dynamically stable if a certain imposed external perturbation or pressure oscillation in rocket combustion chamber could be suppressed within a short time period. Decay time and other parameters for the evaluation of stabilization ability of an engine to external perturbation have been analyzed to quantify stabilization capacity of engine, in other words, dynamic stability margin. Baffle not covering flame zone enough which can be considered as collision region of injector wasn't be able to suppress external perturbation sufficiently. The limit of combustion stability margin of engine is assumed to be 50 mm length baffle of the KSR-III engine.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

For the reliability of the combustible properties of arylic acid, this study was investigated the explosion limits of acrylic acid in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of acrylic acid by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented in $48^{\circ}C$ and $51^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points of arylic acid by using Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented in $56^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for acrylic acid. The AIT of acrylic acid was experimented as $417^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) and the upper explosion limit(UEL) by the measured the lower flash point and the upper flash point of acrylic acid were calculated as 2.2 Vol% and 7.9 Vol%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

For the safety design and operation of many gas process, it is necessary to know certain explosion limit, flash point, autoignition temperature (AIT) and minimum oxygen concentration of handling substances. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. In this study for the safe handling of hydrogen, explosion limit and AIT of combustion properties for hydrogen were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of hydrogen recommended 4.0 vol% and 77.0 vol%. Also the AIT of hydrogen with ignition sources recommended $400^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated crucible furnace (the whole surface heating) and recommended $640^{\circ}C$ at the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature and the pressure dependence of the explosion limits of hydrogen are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 한국화재소방학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.163-163
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• 2013

최근의 수많은 산업 현장에서 취급하고 있는 각종 화학물질은 잠재적 위험성이 크므로 보관, 수송 및 취급할 때 특별한 주의가 필요하다. 공정 설계 시 정확하지 않은 폭발한계를 사용함으로서 사고가 유발되는 경우가 많다. 따라서 사업장에서 사용되고 있는 화학물질의 화재 및 폭발 특성치인 인화점, 폭발한계 등을 정확히 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 인화점은 하부인화점과 상부인화점으로 나누고 있고 있으며, 인화점은 가연성 액체의 화재 위험성을 나타내는 지표로써, 가연성액체의 액면 가까이서 인화할 때 필요한 증기를 발산하는 액체의 최저온도 또는 점화원 존재시 인화가 일어날 수 있는 최저온도, 그리고 가연성증기의 포화증기압이 공기와 혼합기체의 폭발한계 하한농도와 같게 되는 온도로 정의한다. 폭발한계는 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 공기가 혼합하여 일정 농도범위 내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다. 본 연구에서는 실제 공정에서 사용되고 있는 n-Hexadecane의 인화점을 측정하여 이를 기존 문헌값과 비교 하였고, 측정된 인화점을 이용하여 폭발한계를 예측하였다. 예측된 폭발한계를 여러 문헌에 제시된 자료과 비교하여 공정안전에 타당한 자료를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 n-Hexadecane을 취급하는 공정에서 안전 확보의 중요한 지침 마련과 MSDS D/B의 최신화에 유용한 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.553-556
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• 2015

The usage of the correct combustion characteristic of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of DMAc was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of DMAc was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of DMAc by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $61^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of DMAc by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured $68^{\circ}C$ and $71^{\circ}C$. The AIT of DMAc by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $347^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $61^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.52 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

The usage of the correct combustion characteristics of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of bromobenzene being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of bromobenzene was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of bromobenzene was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $44^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured $56^{\circ}C$ and $64^{\circ}C$. The AIT of bromobenzene by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $573^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $44^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.63 Vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.