• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2023

본 논문은 노인용 실버제품 개발을 위하여 70~84세 노년 여성을 대상으로 3차원 측정 손 관련 치수를 분석하고, 노년 여성의 손을 유형화하여 그 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 노인용 실버제품 개발에 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 노년 여성의 손 구성 요인은 손과 손가락 수평 요인, 손 수직 요인, 새끼손가락 굵기 요인, 손가락 길이 요인 등이 추출되었다. 노년 여성의 손은 3개 유형으로 분류되었다. 긴 손 길고 가는 손가락 유형, 굵고 긴 손가락 두꺼운 손 유형, 짧은 손과 손가락 굵은 새끼손가락 유형으로 나뉘어졌다. 연령이 높아질수록 손가락 마디가 굵어지고 손의 크기가 커지는 것으로 알려졌으나 80대가 되면 다시 손이 가늘어지는 변화가 나타났다. 70대까지는 연령이 증가함에 따라 손가락도 굵어지는 현상이 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.321-344
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• 2008

This study tries to compare the classification systems of major internet portals and their sub-portals specialized for the children and of major online book stores. It compares and analyzes the major directories of them and suggests recommendations not only to improve their own systems but also to apply to the development for the classification systems for children's library. Some of them are: (1) The system should reflect information requests and use behaviors of the children netizen. (2) It should select the terms reflecting the children's viewpoints and expressions and suggest the guidelines by ages. (3) It should maintain the clear hierarchies and grouping for the accessability and convenience of the users. (4) It will be helpful to establish the categories to mix the subject- or concept-based categories and the activities and objects of the children. (5) It will also be helpful to establish the categories based on the curricula added by those creating the imagination and interest and to subdivide by subject.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2000

앵글씨 분류에 따른 최대개구시 하악의 수직 변위에 대한 차이를 확인하고, 수직 하악운동에 영향을 주는 골격요소를 확인하기 위하여, 측두하악관절 및 저작계 이상에 대한 증상 및 병력이 없으며 발치 및 교정치료의 경험이 없는 광주지역 대학에 재학중인 학생들을 대상으로, 앵글씨 구치부 관계에 근거하여 1급군(남:30명, 여:49명), 2급군(남:18명, 여:24명)과 3급군(남:18명, 여:33명)으로 분류하여 총 172명(연령 범주:20-30세)의 학생을 선택하였다. 전남대학교 병원 구강내과에서 사용하는 계측용자를 이용하여 최대 개구시 상하악 중절치 절단면간의 거리를 측정하였다. 대상자들의 진단모형을 만들어 상하악궁 길이와 폭경를 측정하였다. 대상자들에 대한 두부 규격방사선 사진을 촬영, 작도하고 방사선학적 지표를 계측, 비교분석하였다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군 절치간 최대개구량은 3급군이 가장 컸으며 모든 군에서 남자가 여자보다 컸다. 구치간 최대개구량은 앵글씨 분류 1급군, 2급군 그리고 3급군에서 각 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 모든 군에서 남자가 더 컸다. 앵글씨 분류 1급군과 2급군의 하악운동에서 총 하악골 길이, 하악지 길이, 하악 하연부 길이 그리고 상악궁 폭경이 변수로 나타났으며, 상하악궁 길이와는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 앵글씨 분류 3급군의 하악운동에서 상하악궁 길이와 안면 부길이가 1급군과 2급군과는 다른 중요한 변수로 나타났으며, 상악궁의 폭경과는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 앵글씨 분류 각 군에서 하악개구운동은 안면 골격구조의 영향을 받으며, 각 군간에 영향을 주는 안면 골격 요소들은 차이가 있었다. 따라서 이러한 골격적 요소들은 개구량 개선을 위한 진단과 치료시 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2019

This study was to suggest the improvement and the application of KDC 6 for classifying children's books by the literature review and survey. First, it was suggested to shorten the classification numbers by the divisions and subdivisions and to expand the classification numbers by sub-subdivisions according to the library-specific classification policy, using the subject statistics of the children's books held by 20 public libraries affiliated in Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education and representative C libraries. Second, the knowledge picture books and the fairy tales were suggested to be classified according to its subject, and the fairy tales in each country were suggested to be classified by adding sub-subdivisions and genre subdivisions. Third, it was suggested to shelve by collection and location codes that were distinguished by the ages and the reading level for user, to prepare a standard guideline for shelving, and to implement the regular user education about the classification system. This study could contribute to the development of the KDC abridged version for children's books in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.825-842
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• 2023

This study conducted a survey to analyze the influence of the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship on motivation and satisfaction based on the perceived age of men and women in their teens and 50s who subscribe to cosmetic brands through SNS accounts. For statistical processing of the collected data, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS 21.0. The perceived age of the subjects was classified into 'perceived lower group', 'perceived middle group', and 'perceived higher group' according to the difference between the age perceived by others and the age perceived by themselves. In the three groups, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship showed a meaningful positive relationship with motivation, and the consumer-brand relationship was found to be a major variable explaining 'attractive' among motivation. In the three groups, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship showed a significant positive relationship with satisfaction, and the consumer-brand relationship appeared as a major variable explaining satisfaction. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that by perceived age group, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship have a positive effect on motivation and satisfaction. In particular, it was found that the consumer-brand relationship is a major variable in cosmetics motivation and satisfaction. As this study empirically analyzes the influence of age perceived on SNS on cosmetics brand marketing, it is considered to be a practical implication for establishing cosmetics sales strategy and basic data that can be used for marketing.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.497-509
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• 1995

With socioeconomic development and change of esthetic recognition, the demand for orthodontic treatment and number of orthodontic patients has been increasing so rapidly. And frequency of malocclusion was changed. So this study was done in an attempt to provide an epidemiologic study so that we can accomodate their orthodontic needs adequately and to obtain the reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients who visited Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Hospital from 1985 to 1994. Following results were obtained. 1. The total number of orthodontic patients of SNUDH during 1990-1994 increased in comparing with that of 1985-1989. And it showed that the number of annual patients was increasing trend. 2. The total number of female patients was 1.59 times as high as that of male. It showed that the annual percentage of female patients has been increasing and that of male patients has been decreasing. So demands for orthodontic treatment of malocclusion of female patients were higher than that of male patients. 3. Each total percentage of class I, class II div.1, class II div. 2 and class III was 35.98%, 14.00%, 1.74% and 48.28%. The annual percentage of class I group had been decreasing but it has increased at 1994. However that of Class III group had been increasing until 1991 but it has been decreasing. 4. Each percentage of less than 6 year-old group, D to 8 year-old group, 8 to 12 year-old group, 12 to 18 year-old group and more than 18 year-old group was 2.65%, 8.63%, 32.50%, 27.74% and 28.48%. Annual percentage of 12 to 18 year-old group ( middle & high school students group ) had been decreasing but it has been increasing. However 18 year-old group had been increasing but it has been decreasing. So entrance examination for college and university is an important factor to distribution of age group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.709-711
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• 2005

컴퓨터 그래픽스 분야의 발전으로 3D 모델의 수가 기하급수적으로 늘고 있다. 기존의 텍스트나 2D 이미지만을 검색하는 시스템으로는 정확한 3D 모델의 검색이 힘들다. 따라서 3D 모델 검색 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 많은 분야에서 그 정확도와 속도향상을 위한 3D 모델 검색 연산자(Descriptor)와 검색 알고리즘을 개발하기 위한 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 VRML 모델을 XML 데이터로 변환하여 3D 모델 검색에 사용하는 것이 주요 목표이다. 검색 방법은 크게 VRML의 노드 분류화를 통한 기본 도형에 대한 검색과 XML로 변환하면서 생성하는 무게중심(Mass-Center)을 이용한 검색 두 가지이다. 즉, 3D 모델 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 VRML 노드를 통한 분류화와 라벨화된 3D 모델 데이터베이스 지원 등의 장점을 활용한다. 3D 모델을 Key값(Descriptor)을 생성하여 분류화된 XML 데이터로 저장하고, 처리하여 유사도 비교의 대상과 횟수가 많아질수록, 3D 모델을 바로 데이터베이스에서 검색에 사용할 수 있어 검색의 속도와 성능을 보다 증가시킬 수 있다. 보다 복잡한 3D 모델의 유사도 비교에 있어서는 Princeton Shape Benchmark(PSB)[1]에서 정확도가 가장 높게 평가된 방법인 LFD(Light Field Descriptor)[6] 검색 연산자를 사용한다. 이 방법은 3D 모델에서 2D 이미지를 얻어 검색하는 방법으로 많은 2D 이미지 관측점(View-Point)과 관측된 2D 이미지의 적합도를 비교하는 계산량이 많은 단점이 있다. 그래서 3D 모델 검색을 위한 2D 이미지 관측에 있어 x, y, z축 방향의 관측점을 얻는 방법을 제안함으로써 2D 이미지의 관측점을 줄여 계산량을 대폭 감소시키는 장점을 갖는다.것으로 조사되었으며 40대 이상의 연령층은 점심비용으로 더 많은 지출을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 끼니별 한식에 대한 선호도는 아침식사의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 이는 40대와 50대에서 높게 나타났다. 점심 식사로 가장 선호되는 음식은 중식, 일식이었으며 저녁 식사에서 가장 선호되는 메뉴는 전 연령층에서 일식, 분식류 이었으며, 한식에 대한 선택 정도는 전 연령층에서 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5) 각 연령층에서 선호하는 한식에 대한 조사에서는 된장찌개가 전 연령층에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었고, 김치는 40대 이상의 선호도가 30대보다 높게 나타났으며, 흥미롭게도 30세 이하의 선호도는 30대보다 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 떡과 죽에 대한 선호도는 전 연령층에서 낮게 조사되었다. 장아찌류의 선호도는 전 연령대에서 낮았으며 특히 30세 이하에서 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도 조사에서는 연령이 올라갈수록 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도는 낮아지고 있었으나, 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 양과 가격에 대한 만족도는 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 한식에 대한 선호도는 식사 때와 식사 목적에 따라 연령대 별로 다르게 나타나고 있으나, 선호도는 성별이나 세대에 관계없이 폭 넓은 선호도를 반영하고 있으며, 이는 대학생들을 대상으로 하는 연구 등에서도 나타난바 같다. 주 5일 근무제의 확산과 초 중 고생들의 토요일 휴무와 더불어 여행과 엔터테인먼트산업은 더욱 더 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 외식은 여행과 여가 활동의 필수적인 요소로써 그 역할을 일조하고 있다. 이와 같은 여가시간의 증가는 독신자들에게는 좀더 많은 여유시간을 가족을 이루고 있는 가족구성원들에게는 가족과의 유대를 강화하는 휴식과 오락의 소비 트렌드를 창출시켰다. 이와 더불어 외식은 식사를 해결하기 위한

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2003

Purpose : Clinical outcome of meniscal repair fur meniscal injury was examined and the factors affecting the outcome were determined. Materials and Methods : We examined 55 patients with meniscal injury who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair and could be followed-up for more than 1 year. Clinical outcome according to Tapper & Hoover classification was examined in relation with age, gender, injury site, the presence of bucket-handle tear, method of repair, the period between injury to repair, and the concomitant reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. Results : According to Tapper & Hoover classification, the outcome was excellent in 29 cases, good in 23 cases and fair in 3 cases. Age and method of repair have significant relationships with clinical results according to Tapper & Hoover classification, but gender, injury site, the presence of bucket-handle tear, the period between injury to suture, and the concomitant reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament have no significant relationships. Conclusion : A satisfactory results was obtained in $95\%$ of the patients with meniscal injury with meniscal repair. Age at injury and method of repair have significant relationships with clinical result statistically.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.439-443
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the parental consultation. Also, it was to investigate the tendency divided into different subjects. The subjects were 2142 questions on korean academy of pediatric dentistry homepage. The questions were categorized into 7 subjects, 37 subdivided subjects and children age. The results were as follows: 1. Age group was divided into $0{\sim}6months$, $7{\sim}12months$, $13{\sim}24months$, $25{\sim}36months$, $3{\sim}6years$, $7{\sim}12years$ 12years and over 13 years. $13{\sim}24months$ and $3{\sim}6years$ age group had the largest number of questions. 2. The subject were growth & development, development disturbance & oral disease, behavior management, operative & endodontic treatment, dentition & occlusal guidance, traumatic injury & surgery and etc. Development disturbance & oral disease had the largest number of questions. 3. In subdivided subjects, operative & endodontic treatment showed the most, followed by development & eruption of teeth, traumatic injury, cross-bite, tooth brushing methods in sequence. 4. In age group within subdivided subjects, the most frequent question was neonatal & natal tooth in $0{\sim}6months$, development & eruption of teeth in $7{\sim}12months$, $13{\sim}24months$, operative & endodontic treatment in $25{\sim}36months$, $3{\sim}6years$, time & method of orthodontics in $7{\sim}12years$ and operative & endodontic treatment in over 13years. 5. The questions about cross-bite, traumatic injury and soft tissue disease were distributed evenly in age group.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.365-370
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• 2023

This paper aims to compare the performance of speech data classification into two groups, adult and elderly, based on the acoustic and linguistic characteristics that change due to aging, such as changes in respiratory patterns, phonation, pitch, frequency, and language expression ability. For acoustic features we used attributes related to the frequency, amplitude, and spectrum of speech voices. As for linguistic features, we extracted hidden state vector representations containing contextual information from the transcription of speech utterances using KoBERT, a Korean pre-trained language model that has shown excellent performance in natural language processing tasks. The classification performance of each model trained based on acoustic and linguistic features was evaluated, and the F1 scores of each model for the two classes, adult and elderly, were examined after address the class imbalance problem by down-sampling. The experimental results showed that using linguistic features provided better performance for classifying adult and elderly than using acoustic features, and even when the class proportions were equal, the classification performance for adult was higher than that for elderly.