• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2021

메콩지역은 최근 연 7%에 육박하는 경제성장률을 달성하며 아세안의 고성장을 지속 견인하고 있으나, 기후변화 및 급속한 도시화로 매년 가뭄·홍수 등 물 관련 재해 발생 빈도 및 강도 증가와 이에 따른 상·하류 국가간 물 분쟁 등으로 인해 메콩지역 지속가능 발전에 지장이 초래되고 있다. 이에 한국과 미국은 메콩우호국(Friends of the Lower Mekong, FLM) "메콩지역 수자원 데이터 관리 및 정보공유 강화에 관한 공동성명(2018년 8월)"을 계기로 메콩유역의 실시간 수자원 변동 모니터링 및 분석과 수자원 데이터 공동활용 역량을 강화하여 효율적이고 과학적인 수자원관리 지원과 함께 한국의 신남방정책과 미국의 인도-태평양 전략 시너지효과를 극대화하고자 메콩 주변국 재해경감 및 수자원 데이터 활용 역량강화를 위한 글로벌 위성기반 수문자료의 생산·활용 및 홍수·가뭄 등의 수재해 분석기술을 개발하고 있다. 여기에는 한국 K-water의 물관리 기술과 미국 NASA, USACE의 위성활용 및 수자원분석 기술을 접목하여 메콩지역의 체계적인 물관리 및 재해로부터 안전성 확보 기여에 목표를 두고 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 미공병단(USACE, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)의 HEC software 프로그램을 메콩 시범지역(pilot area)에 적용하여 수리/수문모델 구축을 진행코자 한다. 구축되는 모형은 유역 상류 댐의 연계 모의운영 및 하류 홍수분석이 동시 가능한 HEC-RTS(Real-Time Simulation)로 이는 HEC-HMS, -ResSim, -RAS와 -FIA 모형이 순차적으로 결합된 수리/수문 모델링 시스템이다. 모형의 시범적용 지역은 현지 메콩위원회(MRC, Mekong River Comission)의 의견 등을 반영, 메콩강 하류지역(Lower Mekong) 본류 유역에 위성 자료 활용 및 준실시간(near real-time)으로 댐 모의운영 등을 고려할 수 있는 JingHong댐(중국 란창강 최하류)에서 라오스 Xayaburi댐(메콩강 최상류)까지의 구간을 선정하였다. 한편, 금번 연구에서는 HEC-RTS 중 HMS 모형 적용을 중심으로 가용한 위성자료(GPM IMERG)와 K-LIS 지표 모형 생산 자료를 활용하여 과거 홍수사상에 대한 모의를 고려하였다. 아울러, 연구에서 구축된 HMS 모형은 HEC-RTS에 포함되어 메콩 시범지역의 종합적 수리/수문분석에 적용될 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.57-67
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• 2023

Slope failures during rainfall have been observed in mountainous areas of South Korea as a result of the presence of solar power facilities. The seepage behavior and pore pressure distribution differ from typical slopes due to the presence of impermeable solar panels, and the load imposed by the solar power structures also affects the slope behavior. This study aims to develop a method for evaluating the stability of slopes with solar power facilities and to analyze vulnerable points by considering the maximum slope displacement. To assess the slope stability and predict behavior while considering rainfall seepage, a combined seepage analysis and finite difference method numerical analysis were employed. For the selected site, various variables were assumed, including parameters related to the Soil Water Characteristic Curve, strength parameters that satisfy the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, soil properties, and topographic factors such as slope angle and bedrock depth. The factors with the most significant influence on the factor of safety (FOS) were identified. The presence of solar power facilities was found to affect the seepage distribution and FOS, resulting in a decreasing trend due to rainfall seepage. The maximum displacement points were concentrated near the upper (crest) and lower (toe) sections of the slope.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.823-835
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• 2023

Recently, due to the increase in abnormal climate, rainfall intensity is increasing and drought periods are continuing. These environmental changes lead to prolonged drought conditions and difficulties in real-time recognition. In general, drought can be judged by the amount of precipitation and the number of days without rainfall. In determining the impact of drought, it is divided into meteorological drought, agricultural drought, and hydrological drought and evaluation is made using the drought index, but environmental drought evaluation is insufficient. The river water quality managed through the total water pollution cap system is vulnerable to the effects of such drought. In this study, we aim to determine the drought impact on river water quality and quantify the impact of prolonged drought on water quality. The impact of rain-free days and accumulated precipitation on river water quality was quantitatively evaluated. The Load Duration Curve (LDC), which is used to evaluate the water quality of rivers, was used to evaluate water pollution occurring at specific times. It has been observed that when the number of consecutive rainless days exceeds 14 days, the target water quality in the mid-basin is exceeded in over 60% of cases. The cumulative rainfall is set at 28 days as the criteria, with an annual average rainfall of 3%, which is 32.1 mm or less. It has been noted that changes in water quality in rivers occur when there are 14 or more rainless days and the cumulative rainfall over 28 days is 32.1 mm or less in the Gamcheon Mid-basin. Based on the results of this study, it aims to quantify the drought impact and contribute to the development of a drought water quality index for future environmental droughts.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.459-471
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• 2023

The Bayesian network (BN) model was applied to analyze the characteristic variables that affect compliance with safety inspections of farmed eel during the production stage, using the data from 30,063 cases of eel aquafarm safety inspection in the Integrated Food Safety Information Network (IFSIN) from 2012 to 2021. The dataset for establishing the BN model included 77 non-conforming cases. Relevant HACCP data, geographic information about the aquafarms, and environmental data were collected and mapped to the IFSIN data to derive explanatory variables for nonconformity. Aquafarm HACCP certification, detection history of harmful substances during the last 5 y, history of nonconformity during the last 5 y, and the suitability of the aquatic environment as determined by the levels of total coliform bacteria and total organic carbon were selected as the explanatory variables. The highest achievable eel aquafarm noncompliance rate by manipulating the derived explanatory variables was 24.5%, which was 94 times higher than the overall farmed eel noncompliance rate reported in IFSIN between 2017 and 2021. The established BN model was validated using the IFSIN eel aquafarm inspection results conducted between January and August 2022. The noncompliance rate in the validation set was 0.22% (15 nonconformances out of 6,785 cases). The precision of BN model prediction was 0.1579, which was 71.4 times higher than the non-compliance rate of the validation set.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.703-714
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the impact of two climate change scenarios on flow rate and water quality of the Yongdam Dam and its basin using CE-QUAL-W2 and SWAT, respectively. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios by IPCC, simulations were performed for 2016~2095, and the results were rearranged into three separate periods; 2016~2035, 2036~2065 and 2066~2095. Also, the result of each year was divided as dry season (May~Oct) and wet season (Nov~Apr) to account for rainfall effect. For total simulation period, arithmetic average of flow rate and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were greater for RCP 4.5 than those of RCP 8.5, whereas TN (Total Nitrogen) showed contrary results. However, when averaged within three periods and rainfall conditions the tendencies were different from each other. As the scenarios went on, the number of rainfall days has decreased and the rainfall intensities have increased. These resulted in waste load discharge from the basin being decreased during the dry period and it being increased in the wet period. The results of SWAT model were used as boundary conditions of CE-QUAL-W2 model to predict water level and water quality changes in the Yongdam Dam. TSS and TP tend to increase during summer periods when rainfalls are higher, while TN shows the opposite pattern due to its weak absorption to particulate materials. Therefore, the climate change impact must be carefully analyzed when temporal and spatial conditions of study area are considered, and water quantity and water quality management alternatives must be case specific.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2008

Odor management is significantly concerned with sustainable livestock production because odor nuisance is a primary cause for complaint to neighbors. This study was conducted to measure the concentration of odorous compounds, odor intensity, and odor offensiveness at unit process in animal waste treatment facility combined composting and methane fermentation process by an instrumental analysis and direct olfactory method. Ammonia, sulfur-containing compounds, and volatile fatty acid were analyzed at each process units and boundary area in summer and winter, respectively. Higher concentration of odorants occurred in the summer than in the winter due to high ambient temperature. The maximum concentration of odorants was detected in composting pile when mixed manure was being turned followed by inlet, curing, outlet, and screen & packing process. Highest concentration of detected odorous compounds was ammonia ranging from 3.4 to 224.7 ppm. Among the sulfur-containing compounds measured, hydrogen sulfide was a maximum level of 2.3 ppm and most of them exceeded reported odor detection thresholds. Acetic acid was the largest proportion of VFA generated, reaching a maximum of 51 to 89%, followed by propionic and butyric acid at 1.9 to 35% and 1.8 to 15%, respectively. Malodor assessment by a human panel appeared a similar tendency in instrumental analysis data. Odor quotient for predicting major odor-causing compounds was calculated by dividing concentrations measured in process units by odor detection thresholds. In the composting process, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan were deeply associated with odor-causing compounds, while the major malodor compounds in the inlet process were methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and butyric acid.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.410-422
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• 2018

This paper studies the factors that increase the sustainability of Industry-University cooperation in the current structure of domestic I-U cooperation, which is highly dependent on government support. First, we examine the extent to which the 'I-U Relationship Strength' can be explained by the cumulative 'Experiences of I-U cooperation' and 'Width of various I-U cooperation channels', and the 'I-U cooperation barrier' can be explained by the 'Difference in mutual recognition' and 'Institutional barriers' on sustainability. In addition, the factors that can lower the 'I-U cooperation barrier', such as the 'University administration's efforts' and 'Trust between I-U', are examined. The researchers examined the factors affecting the sustainability of I-U cooperation and the factors affecting 'I-U cooperation barriers' in the 'I-U cooperation technology development projects' of the Ministry of Small & Medium Venture Business and Startups with its long history of domestic I-U cooperation programs. In order to clarify the data of the research sample, a questionnaire survey of organizational units was conducted for all companies participating in the 'I-U cooperation technology development projects' of the Ministry of SMVB and Startups between 2011 and 2015, and the responses of 356 organizations were used. It was found that the greater the 'Width of the I-U cooperation channels', the higher the sustainability and that the greater the 'Institutional barriers', the lower the sustainability. However, through the 'University administration's efforts' and 'Trust between I-U', it is possible to overcome the 'I-U cooperation barrier'. Ultimately, the systematization of Industry-University-Research institute subjects is needed to realize sustainability. In other words, it is necessary to have a linkage program that can broaden the link between industry and universities, that is to broaden the scope of I-U cooperation. Moreover, it is necessary for the government to provide institutional support to promote desirable I-U cooperation policies. Finally, it is essential to change the universities' core organizations in order to improve the level of university administration services.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.683-693
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• 1993

Background: During movement the major inputs to nervous system come from firstly the muscle and joint to maintain posture and motion and secondly the chemoreceptors and baroreceptors to adjust the cardiovascular and respiratory function. Their complex relationships are generally studied for many years but the direct relation between the joint and respiratory system is not studied thoroughly until now. So this experiment was performed to determine whether the natural movement of knee joint can cause the enhancement of respiratory function by observation of the changes of respiratory rate, phrenic nerve activity and inspiratory neuron activity during the stimulation of knee joint in cat anesthetized with $\alpha$-chloralose. Method: Twenty six male adult cats were used and the extracelluar recording using bipolar platinum electrode and carbon filament electrode was done to record the changes in the activities of phrenic nerve and inspiratory neuron movement of knee joint, injection of chemicals into the joint cavity and electrical stimulation of articular nerve were done. Results: The 60 Hz. could not but 120 Hz. flexion-extension movement of knee joint increased respiratory rate(R.R.), tidal neural activity(TNA) and minute neural activity(MNA). Intra-articular injection of lactate could not increase R.R. but significantly increase TNA and MNA which represented the enhanced respiratory function. Injection of potassium chloride showed similar effects with the case of lactate but the duration of effect was shorter. The electrical stimulation of medial articular nerve with IV strength which could activate only group I and II afferents showed increased TNA and MNA during stimulation but 20 V stimulation which could activate all the afferents increased all the respiratory parameters. The changes of inspiratory neuron activity by knee joint stimulation was similar to that of phrenic nerve. Conclusion: The respiratory center could be directly stimulated by the activation of group I and II articular afferents and it seemed that the magnitude of the respiratory center enhancement is proportional to the amount of sensory information from the knee joint. These facts might suggest that the respiratory function could be enhanced even by the normal movement of knee joint.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

In Korea, there is a growing competitive for water resources between industrial, domestic and agricultural consumer, and the environment as many other OECD countries. The demand on water use is also affecting aquatic ecosystems particularly where withdrawals are in excess of minimum environmental needs for rivers, lakes and wetland habits. OECD developed three indicators related to water use by the agriculture in above contexts : the first is a water use intensity indicator, which is expressed as the quantity or share of agricultural water use in total national water utilization; the second is a water stress indicator, which is expressed as the proportion of rivers (in length) subject to diversion or regulation for irrigation without reserving a minimum of limiting reference flow; and the third is a water use efficiency indicator designated as the technical and the economic efficiency. These indicators have different meanings in the aspect of water resource conservation and sustainable water use. So, it will be more significant that the indicators should reflect the intrinsic meanings of them. The problem is that the aspect of an overall water flow in the agro-ecosystem and recycling of water use not considered in the assessment of agricultural water use needed for calculation of these water use indicators. Namely, regional or meteorological characteristics and site-specific farming practices were not considered in the calculation of these indicators. In this paper, we tried to calculate water use indicators suggested in OECD and to modify some other indicators considering our situation because water use pattern and water cycling in Korea where paddy rice farming is dominant in the monsoon region are quite different from those of semi-arid regions. In the calculation of water use intensity, we excluded the amount of water restored through the ground from the total agricultural water use because a large amount of water supplied to the farm was discharged into the stream or the ground water. The resultant water use intensity was 22.9% in 2001. As for water stress indicator, Korea has not defined nor monitored reference levels of minimum flow rate for rivers subject to diversion of water for irrigation. So, we calculated the water stress indicator in a different way from OECD method. The water stress indicator was calculated using data on the degree of water storage in agricultural water reservoirs because 87% of water for irrigation was taken from the agricultural water reservoirs. Water use technical efficiency was calculated as the reverse of the ratio of irrigation water to a standard water requirement of the paddy rice. The efficiency in 2001 was better than in 1990 and 1998. As for the economic efficiency for water use, we think that there are a lot of things to be taken into considerations to make a useful indicator to reflect socio-economic values of agricultural products resulted from the water use. Conclusively, site-specific, regional or meteorogical characteristics as in Korea were not considered in the calculation of water use indicators by methods suggested in OECD(Volume 3, 2001). So, it is needed to develop a new indicators for the indicators to be more widely applicable in the world.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.284-294
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• 2006

Objective: Activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) have been shown to cause syndromic craniosynostosis such as Apert and Crouzon syndromes. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the resultant phenotypes induced by the two distinctive bone-targeted gene constructs of FGFR2, Pro253Arg and Cys278Phe, corresponding to human Apert and Crouzon syndromes respectively. Methods: Wild type and a transgenic mouse model with normal FGFR2 were used as controls to examine the validity of the microinjection. Micro-CT and morphometric analysis on the skull revealed the following results. Results: Both Apert and Crouzon mutants of FGFR2 induced fusion of calvarial sutures and anteroposteriorly constricted facial dimension, with anterior crossbite present only in Apert mice. Apert mice differed from Crouzon mice and transgenic mice with normal FGFR2 in the anterior cranial base flexure and calvarial flexure angle which implies a possible difference in the pathogenesis of the two mutations. In contrast, the transgenic mice with normal FGFR2 displayed normal craniofacial phenotype. Conclusion: Apert and Crouzon mutations appear to lead to genotype-specific phenotypes, possibly causing the distinctive sites and sequence of synostosis in the calvaria and cranial base. The exact function of the altered FGFR2 at each suture needs further investigation.