• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.58
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• pp.5-36
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• 2017

This study aims to empirically analyze whether the women's cognitive attitude toward gender role, which is formed through social norms, enforces the gender division of housework. In this study, 4,435 married women aged 18-59 years from the 5th wave dataset of Korean Longutudinal Survey of Women and Family Data were selected for analysis. Using the Structural Equation Model(SEM), we examine the direct effect of "attitude toward behavior" and "subjective norm" on the domestic working hours and whether those two independent variables, such as "attitude toward behavior" and "subjective norm," influence the mediator variable "Behavior Intention" which in turn affect the dependent variable. The study reveals that "attitude toward the gender division of housework" has a statistically significant direct effect on the domestic working hours as well as an indirect effect operating through "behavior intention." And"subjective norm "has only a statistically significant indirect effect on the domestic working hours, operating through "behavior intention." Despite the fact that many women are now aware that various work-life balance policies are avaliable to mitigate the gender inequality of domestic works, it is proven that the gender division of housework becomes worse. The reason behind this is not only because there exist some problems in implementing the institutions themselves, but also because women's deeply internalized self-perception of gender role based on the traditional patriarchal culture somehow exacerbates the gender division of housework. Hence, in order to instill a progressive change in gender division of housework, it is important for women to try to change the way they perceive the stereotypical gender roles as well as for men to treat women equally.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.309-314
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• 2021

Disney animation can be said to be part of American culture and art. With the changes in American society and culture, we can see the changes in the personality and social status of female characters in Disney animation. Especially in the Disney animation works published after 2000, many works showing equality in the social abilities and status of women and men have been published. In this study, the characteristics of female characters of the 20th century and the 21st century is compared and analyzed the characters of Elsa and Anna, who expressed the female image in a metaphorical way of 'Frozen 2'. And studied the characteristics and meanings of clothing and colorful shapes. This paper reveals the design elements needed to construct a gender-equality image of female characters, and hopes that it will become a useful research material for the animation industry and academia in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.635-640
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• 2012

A changed image that they feel through makeup manipulates impression by linking with cultural standards and will be able to direct a variety of makeup images. Makeup in modern society has been expanding into the area of prevention of diseases and health of skin due to the development of cosmetics and has beautifully changed a face into a someone else's face due to the development of makeup technique. Also, assuming that motivation of makeup act of men and women is related to sexual instincts, I tried to analyze what kind of association the gender roles and the function of makeup required by the society has with age and regional and social background. In particular, I tried to explain that makeup act of men not only represents cognitive change of gender roles that have been perceived differently in modern society but has been adopted by men for the pure purpose in a socially equitable competition.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2018

The study chose two people, KimSamuidang(1769~1823) and GangJeongildang(1772~1832), as concrete examples representing the common female writers in the late of the Joseon Dynasty. And study the recognition on reality and consciousness of orientation in the poetic literature. KimSamuidang is commit to the revival of his family to pass the test. And exchange with husband through active study literature and practice wife law. She left the largest number of works as a female writer during the Joseon Dynasty. GangJeongildang is a Confucian scholar and poet of the late Joseon Dynasty. She also spent her whole life sewing and suffering from disease, trying to create a dying family. Teaching her husband's education, she established self-recognition, encouraged and supported learning. They had a equality sense of marriage couple as academic friends, encouraging each other to study, and by passing the test, they tried to raise their families. Also, although poor in rural life, the mind was the Independent women who pursued comfortable life.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-193
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• 2013

This paper examines how a social investment approach can be applied in a comparative analysis of childcare arrangements. We compared changes in Sweden, France, Germany, the UK, Japan and Korea during the 2000s, focusing on four dimensions of social investment: activation, gender equality, quality of care, and the degree of state's intervention in the family. We considered leave systems and the number of children enrolled in formal care and education facilities as indicators for labour market activation. For gender equality, women's position in employment is considered with respect to labour market participation rates, proportion of permanent employment, and wage-sex ratio. Quality of care concerns child-to-staff ratio and care provided with government quality control. The state's intervention was measured as social spending on families as proportions of GDP and total social spending. Our analysis provides empirical evidence that Sweden and France are pioneers in this arena and that the UK, Germany, Korea, and Japan are path-shifters in their care paradigms, albeit to varying degrees. Is the social investment approach an adequate paradigm for care? In a normative sense, this approach has potential. However, the following issues remain unaddressed: gender equality should be achieved through an expansion in good-quality jobs, fathers should be encouraged to take on childcare duties, and families should have universal access to good-quality childcare services controlled by the government.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.51-74
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• 2016

Modern society which human rights and woman's right have been risen is asking for equality treatment of women and men in all sectors of society under sexual equality principle. People say that hidden beneath sexual equality's surface is feminism. Feminism had arisen in the directions that rights and opportunities of women and men are equal. But now, feminism has aimed at woman's right acquisition and realization because men have taken the lead in social activities and political participation historically. This study's purpose is to examine feminism through animation which is image media contents. As everyone knows, media is the glass reflecting the times by reflecting the ideology of the times. In that sense, studying the feministic analysis of research trend in animation which is the representative genre in image media is the meaningful research in understanding the trends of the times. As mentioned above, this study analyzed the and which clearly showed feministic trend. The two animations have the character changes which the objectified women as witch meets the subjective women and the women do a self-directed choice and behavior. Use this to find out the trend of subjective and self-actualizing of Postfeminism in our modern society. Also based on this, this study could predict the changing of feminism arising in the future. This study's limit is that this study is hard to find animation research result related feminism. Symposium related to the feminism animation was held in Korea and there are various interpretation on the internet. This is the next study want even deepening.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2022

Gender neutral draft is the system that the level of manpower which military demands right now can be kept and the concept of gender equality can enlarge itself. This thesis draws implications on the necessity of optional review of draft and the amelioration of military organizational culture for the military through the example of Norway that has adopted gender neutral draft initially in Europe. The Military that is characterized by traditionally male led domain accelerates itself the openness to female by the aggrandizement of social participation and the improvement of human right for female. The various concerns about a necessary facilities, the period ofmilitary service, the level of salary, the keeping of combat power, etc just should be overcome in order to enlarge conscription to female in Korea. Situations such as the environment of national security, the level of social participation to female, the treatment to minority are different, so it is difficult for us to draw any conclusion whether the adoption of sex neutral conscription is right or not. Nonetheless, the national strategy that prepares for future may not be concluded easily and we can not stop it even though it is discomfortable truth. In Conclusion, we anticipate that the sound discourse on measures of including female in draft will be continued from the start with this thesis.

• Venture DIGEST
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• s.23
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• pp.4-5
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• 2003

사회활동을 왕성히 펼치는 여성들이 흔히 쓰는 말 중에‘유리천장(glass ceiling)’이라는 말이 있다. 위를 쳐다보면 한 없이 올라갈 수 있을 것같지만 막상 그 곳에 다다르면 보이지 않는 장벽이 머리를 누른다는 뜻이다. 법이나 규정상으로는 평등이 이루어진 것처럼 보이나‘실제상황’은 그렇지 않음을 의미하는 자조적인 말이다. 특히 국내에서 회사를 경영하는 여성CEO라면 누구나‘유리천장’의 도를 넘어‘콘크리트 천장’, 혹은 이보다 더한‘강철천장’을 실감하게 된다. 그러나 이런 사회적인 편견과 제도적인 불평등 속에서도 자신만의 확고한 입지와 영역을 구축하며 벤처를 이끄는 당당한 여성CEO가 점점 늘고 있다. 서버판매 및 서버호스팅, VPN 등 사업으로 성장일로를 걷고 있는 e-Business 전문업체인 씨앤에스 김태희(46) 대표가 그 대표적인 우먼파워에 속한다. 김 대표는 지난해‘제6회 여성경제인의 날’을 맞아 모범여성기업으로 선정되어‘대통령 표창’을 수상하는 등 여성기업분야 우수중소기업으로 탄탄한 기술력과 탁월한 경영능력을 인정받고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 그는 IT업계의 성공 키워드인 기술과 경영, 마케팅의 삼박자를 고루 갖춘 전문 경영인으로도 유명하다.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.242
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• pp.8-9
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• 1998

여성만도, 남성만도 아닌 양성이 정의롭고 평등하게 사는 사회를 만들자는데 이견이 있을 수 없다. 하지만 가치중립적으로 보이는 책 속에서 반페미니즘적 요소를 찾기는 쉽다. 그동안 횡행한 성차별의 역사가 너무 길었던 탓이다. 각계 9인이 페미니즘을 잣대로 최고와 최악의 책을 뽑았다. 최고의 책 가운데 중복되 답변은 없었지만 판단 기준은 대체로 일치한다. 정신이 살아 있는 인간으로서 여성의 목소리와 육체를 담고 있어야 한다는 점. 반면 얼마전 논란이 됐던 이문열의 "선택"은 여러 명에게 최악의 책으로 꼽혔다. 성적 불평등이 전제된 가부장사회에서 '자율적 선택'이란 또다른 성적 억압이라는 것이 공통된 평이었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

In the knowledge-based society, utilization of women's resources has significant implications as the key to success of national competitiveness. The space and conditions for women to show their abilities in all areas should be provided. Policies on women's resources, which aim to achieve gender equality, should not be limited to the area of social welfare as usual, but should be treated in-depth with relation to political, economic, social, and cultural areas. Local women policies do not reflect the distinct characteristics of the local areas and realities of women, furthermore, even the concept of women policies is not delivered to local women. In this study, directions to shift local women policies from the marginalization to the mainstream of policy are discussed focusing on utilization of women's resources.