• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1997

In this paper the transient electron transport in GaAs bulk is simulated by using ensemble Monte Carlo method. To analyze the transient electron transport the 10000 electrons in the .GAMMA. valley are simulated simultaneously for 10 picoseconds. The electric field-velocity relation is obtained. The high impurity density reduces the negative differential resistance effect. The result of transient average velocity shows the electron velocity in the transient state is faster than that in the steady state. This transient velocity overshoot is caused by the intervalley scattering mechanism. And we confirmed the fact that the energy relaxation time is longer than the momentum relaxation time.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.84-92
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• 2010

현재 가동 중인 몇몇 가압 경수로 원전 안전 1등급 설비의 이종금속 용접부는 일차수응력부식균열(PWSCC : Primary Stress Corrosion Cracking) 발생의 세가지 조건(민감 재질, 부식 환경, 인장응력)을 동시에 충족하고 있다. 즉, 이종금속 용접부는 PWSCC에 민감한 재질인 Alloy 600 계열 합금으로 제작 또는 용접되어 있으며 고온 수화학 부식 환경 하에 놓여있다. 아울러 오스테나이트 스테인리스 강의 예민화 예방을 위한 용접 후열처리 미실시로 높은 인장 용접 잔류응력이 작용하고 있다. 이러한 이종금속 용접부의 특성상 PWSCC가 발생할 잠재성이 있을 뿐만 아니라 국내외적으로 Alloy 600 계열 합금으로 제작 및 용접된 가압 경수로 원전 안전 1등급 설비의 이종금속 용접부에 실제 PWSCC가 발생된 사례들이 다수 보고되고 있다. 운전 환경 및 재질 변화 없이 PWSCC 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 인장 잔류응력을 이완시켜 낮은 인장 또는 압축 응력화하여야 한다. 이러한 인장 잔류응력 이완방법들로는 PWOL(Pre-emptive Weld Overlay), 레이저 피닝(Laser Peening), MSIP(Mechanical Stress Improvement Process), 워터 제트 피닝(Water Jet Peening), IHSI(Induction Heating Stress Improvement) 방법들이 있는데 공정 시간이 짧고 열 에너지 원이 필요 없으며 전체적인 소성 변형을 야기시키지 않는 레이저 피닝을 본 연구의 대상 방법으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 동적 유한요소 해석을 통해 용접 잔류응력을 이완시키는 레이저 피닝의 효과를 검증하고 용접 잔류응력에 미치는 레이저 피닝 변수의 영향을 고찰하고자 한다. 내부 보수용접이 수행된 경수로 원전 가압기 노즐 이종금속 용접부에 레이저 피닝을 적용한 경우에 대해 상용 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 동적 유한요소해석을 수행한 결과, 고온 수화학 일차수와 접하는 Alloy 600 계열 합금 내면에서의 인장 잔류응력이 상당히 이완됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 최대충격 압력이 증가할수록, 충격압력 지속시간이 증가할수록, 레이저 스팟 직경이 증가할수록 내표면 인장 잔류응력 이완 정도는 감소하나 이완되는 영역의 깊이는 증가함을 알 수 있다. 또한, 레이저 피닝 방향이 잔류응력 이완에 미치는 영향은 미미함을 알 수 있다.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-118
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• 1994

The rapid motion of granular material is microscopically observed, and investigated by continuum theory. From the binary collision phenomenon two different times are introduced : flying time and contact time. The former says the non -stationary motion and at a same time the variation of bulk volume. The latter is operative by a delayed time during the contact and describes the elastic properties of granular material. With both times a dynamic constitutive equation is postulated for four state variables : dispersive pressure, viscosity, thermal diffusivity and energy annihilation rate. The balance laws of mass, momentum and energy which are represented through above four variabls, are applied to the model, in which due to the elastic property the relaxation and energy absorption are explained.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 1997

We have measured photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL in doped-GaAs. As increasing doping concentration, the PL spectra of n-type GaAs shift to higher energies while the PL spectra of p-type GaAs shift to lower energies than the bandgap of the undoped GaAs. The contribution of the Burstein-Moss effect overrules the band-gap narrowing in n-type GaAs, contrary to p-type GaAs. The PL rise time and decay time become shorter as increasing doping concentration. The PL rise and decay time in doped-GaAs depend on the type of majority carriers and their concentrations, which imply that the carrier-carrier interaction plays an important role in the energy relaxation processes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.729-740
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• 1997

To determine the relationship between hypertension and nutrient intake cross-sectional study were performed in a rural area. Adult resident over 30-year-old age were measured blood pressure and body mass index(BMI), and interviewed about food in-take for the previous 24 hours. 250 men and 297 women participated the survey. Significant correlation was showen in men between mean systolic blood pressure and protein density. Significant correlation with mean diastolic blood pressure was showen on protein density, protein energy(%), calcium density and energy-adjusted protein in men. We analysed risk factor for hypertension adjust the effect of age, BMI, sex and family history by multiple logistic regression. Protein density(odds ratio=3.18), fat density(odds ratio=1.94) and energy-adjusted protein(odds ratio=1.01) intake were positively associated with hypertension but sodium density(odds ratio=0.73) was showen to have inverse relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1990

The microscopic relaxation parameters for the single crystal were measured by using thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD). Initial rise method, various heating rate method and total glow peak method were used for the determination of the activation energy and Debye relaxation time from TSD glow curves. Activation energy, pre-exponential factor and relaxation time for impurity-vacancy dipole reorientation were 0.55eV, 1.97$\times$10 super(-12) sec and 12.19sec in average, respectively. Dielectric dissipation factor for the crystal was calculated from the measured TSD glow curve, its value being about 3$\times$10 super(-2).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.632-637
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• 2016

A streetlight control system was developed using information technology and LED lights for efficient management and energy savings. The proposed system can control the power usage of an LED streetlight luminaire using GPS satellite communication and an Arduino with a built-in microprocessor. A control circuit was designed to control the current using GPS, a control unit, transistor, resistor, and constant-current supply circuit. The circuit was validated through experiments with normal operation. Using GPS, the control system extracts accurate time and location information according to the season, and it controls the current supplied to the LED streetlight according to the extracted time. Power consumption was reduced by more than 11%. The control system could reduce accidents caused by conventional lighting systems used to save energy, and it could improve the inefficient management of energy by preserving constant brightness of a streetlight at times and in areas that have less traffic.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1986

본 논문은 분극처리된 PZT 압전 세라믹 소자의 물리, 음향학적 제 특성이 시간의 함수로 나타 나는 시효현상을 다루고 있다. SrCO\sub 3\, NiO 및 Fe\sub 2\O\sub 3\를 소량 첨가하여 직접 제조한 PZT 세라믹은 분극처리 후, f\sub r\ 은 증가하는 시효현상을 보여주었다. 시효현상 기구의 이해를 위하 여 이중 포텐샬우물 모델을 이용하였으며, 외부에서 가한 응력, 역방향 전장 및 온도상승에 따라 분극현 상을 나타내었다. 시효현상의 주 원인은 분극처리시 전장 방향으로 분역들이 정렬되면서 내부에 저장되 었던 잔유응력의 이완에 의한 분역계면의 운동에 있음을 간접적으로 확인하였다. 이러한 분역계면의 운 동은 열적 활성화 에너지를 갖는 시간에 의존하는 운동으로써 분극의 감소를 유발하며, 이것이 시효현 상으로 나타나는 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2019

Geophysical exploration techniques are effective for monitoring changes in the ground condition around the excavation project to prevent subsidence risks during excavation work, therefore, improving analysis techniques is required for applying and supplementing various geophysical exploration technologies. In this study, a field-scale on-site test was conducted to detect possible ground subsidence hazards and areas of relaxation zone that may occur during excavation work and due to underground water level changes. In order to carry out the field test, a real-scale excavation test bed was constructed and the geophysical exploration methods, such as electrical resistivity survey and multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) survey for urban sites condition, have researched for optimal geophysical exploration parameter, design and correlation analysis between the results by reviewing the validity of each individual geophysical exploration and modeling. The results of this study showed the impact of each geophysical exploration on the relaxation zone and, in particular, the location of the underground water surface and the effects of excavation were identified using electrical resistivity survey. Further research on modeling will be required, taking into account the effects of excavation and groundwater.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2023

Three activation methods (constant voltage, current cycling, and hydrogen pumping) were applied to investigate the effects on the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) loaded with PtCo/C catalyst. The current cycling protocol took the shortest time to activate the MEA, while the performance after activation was the worst among the all activation methods. The constant voltage method took a moderate activation time and exhibited the best performance after activation. The hydrogen pumping protocol took the longest time to activate the MEA with moderate performance after activation. According to the distribution of relaxation time analysis, the improved performance after the activation mainly comes from the decrease of charge transfer resistance rather than the ionic resistance in the cathode catalyst layer, which suggests that the existence of water on the electrode is the key factor for activation.