• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.431-438
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess forest biomass resource which is a carbon sink and a renewable resource in Korea. The total forest biomass resource potential was 804 million tons, and conifers, broadleaved forest and mixed forest accounted for 265 million tons, 282 million tons, and 257 million tons, respectively. Proportionately to regional forest stocks, biomass potential of Gangwon-do had most biomass potential, followed by Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. The woody biomass from the byproduct of sawn timber in commercial harvesting was 707 thousand ton/year, and that from the byproduct of forest tending was 592 thousand ton/year. The amount resulted in about 1,300 thousand ton/year of potential supplies from forest biomass resource into the energy market. It's tonnage of oil equivalent(toe) was 585 thousand ton/year. In this study, we developed a program (BiomassMap V2.0) for forest biomass resource mapping. Used system to develop this program was Microsoft Office Excel, Microsoft Office Access ArcGIS and Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Additionally, This program made use of tool such as ESRI MapObjects2.1 in order to take advantage of spatial information. This program shows the map of total biomass stock, annual biomass growth at forest land in Korea, and biomass production from forest tending and commercial harvesting. The information can also be managed by the program. The biomass resource map can be identified by regional and forest type for the purpose of utilization. So, we expect the map and program to be very useful for forest managers in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2017

스마트 돈사 내의 열환경 분석에 필수적으로 고려되어야 인자는 가축의 복사 에너지 변화로 볼 수 있다. 열환경 제어의 대상이기도 하지만 회귀적으로 열환경 변화의 인자이기도 하다. 이러한 가축의 복사 에너지 분석을 위하여 시설 내에 용이하게 배포가 가능한 열화상 계측 시스템을 개발하였다. 초소형 마이크로 열화상 계측 시스템에 부가적으로 IOT(Internet of Thing) 기반 기술을 이용한 모듈화 개발을 병행하였다. 열화상 계측 센서로 LWIR(Longwave infrared)영역에 해당하는 $8{\mu}m{\sim}4{\mu}m$의 영역에서 $0.05^{\circ}C$의 분해능을 보이는 $Lepton^{TM}$ (500-0690-00, FLIR, Goleta, CA)모델을 사용하였다. SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) 속도 2 Mhz로 마이크로프로세서(NanoPi NEO Air, FrendlyArm, CA, USA)와 고속 통신을 수행하여 9 Hz의 계측이 가능하다. 열화상 센서와 마이컴으로 구성되는 단위 계측 시스템의 통신 기능 확장을 위하여 다음과 같이 세 단계의 정보 전달 시나리오를 설계하였다. 1) 단독적으로 열화상을 계측 하고 내장된 메모리에 저장하는 형식 2) 인접한 사용자 인터페이스에서 1번 단독 모듈에 접속하여 열화상을 실시간으로 전송하여 화면에 도시하는 형식 3) 2번 사용자 도시모듈과 병행적으로 Local WI-FI 통신을 이용한 모바일 기기에 화면을 도시하는 형식. 이와 같은 계층적이며 모듈화된 계측 시스템을 구성하기 위해서 1번 모듈에 공개 소프트웨어인 Hostapd 2.5(http://w1.fi/hostapd)버전을 설치하였다. 외부 인터넷 환경이 없는 상황에 1번 모듈 단독으로 AP(Access Point) 기능을 제공하여 지근 거리에 있는 2번 모듈과 3번 모바일 기기의 접속을 관리할 수 있다. 2번 모듈의 경우 화면 다수의 1번 모듈에 접속을 교차적으로 수행하는 방식과 2번 모듈 자체가 AP가 되어 1번 모듈의 접속을 허용하는 형태로 구성되어 있다. 계측 시스템의 계측 매트릭스 구성에 따라 선택적으로 결정할 수 있다. 1번 2번 모듈 공통적으로 TCP/IP Listener와 Client 서비스를 병렬적으로 수행할 수 있도록 개발을 하였다. 3번 모바일 기기에서 사용자 인터페이스 구현을 위하여 범용 Android 기반 GUI 프로그램과 Socket 통신을 연동시켰다. 1개의 열화상 Frame의 전송량은 9,600 Byte ($=80{\times}60{\times}2Byte$) 로 WI-FI 통신 전송 시 2회 ~ 6회 정도 내외로 가변적인 통신 수행 횟수를 나타내었다. 센서 계측 시스템과 정보 전송 시스템을 병렬적으로 구성한 모듈화 된 계측시스템의 전 요소에서 센서에서 제공하는 최대 계측 주기인 9 Hz 구현이 일반적으로 가능하였다. 이를 이용한 추후 연구를 통해 가축 객체의 열복사 정보와 돈사 내 열환경 간의 역학성을 연구할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.601-610
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• 2020

Recently, damage caused by drought is becoming worse and worse due to the global climate change. To overcome these problems, movable-weir to control the water level has been installed instead of a fixed-weir made from concrete. On the other hand, it is difficult to operate an existing moveable-weir because of the high cost of facility management and manpower consumption. In addition, because most moveable-weirs are installed in power systems, the operating cost and the cost of connection for power systems increase when they are located in remote areas. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal design algorithm and the evaluation algorithm of the SOC (state of charge) of a lithium-ion battery to replace an existing power supply with eco-friendly movable-power with a power supply system using PV modules and lithium-ion batteries. In addition, this study modeled a 50kW power supply system of a movable-weir using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has stable operation characteristics in an independent operation mode and interconnection operation mode and that there is the possibility of commercialization with a benefits evaluation of the eco-friendly power supply system of a movable-weir.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

It is not surprising to hear news about irresistible natural disasters all over the world due to climate change. Korean Government has focused on developing a variety of green technologies to reduce green house gasses, in particular, carbon dioxide. This study suggested 18 technology divisions for achieving green highway technology development in six different sub-sectors considering life-cycle of roadway and surveyed 29 highway and/or transportation professionals of three institutes using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis to construct "Green Highway"and realize carbon emission reductions and energy use efficiency in a road sector in Korea. Expert Choice Software was used to rank 18 technology divisions weighted by two-level choices. Transport Operating Infrastructure Improvement, Roadway Policy Implementation, Green Transportation(such as Pedestrian and Bicycle) were highly ranked by respondents according to results of the AHP modeling. Among the 18 divisions, technology policy for supporting R&D investments from development to commercialization was ranked as the most significant one to be focused. Green Transportation Facility Design/Construction/Operation and Eco-Friendly Roadway Plan were followed as expected since professionals have thought that the planning/design step of the life-cycle is a starting point to reduce carbon dioxide from roads more and more. Additionally, comparing the results with the Government investment trend 2006-2011 for the roads, it can be interpreted that the Government should invest to the R&D area more widely than before to promote element and core technology development for Green Highway Construction. Above all, small and mid-sized businesses have to be invested as well as encouraged to undertake green highwayrelated objects to accomplish the divisions which ranked high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.166-170
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 폐광산 주변에 산재되어 있는 광미/광폐석을 처리하기 위하여 고형화 실증 실험을 수행하였다. 고형화 공정에서 흔히 사용하는 포틀랜드 시멘트와 MSG-E, MSG-N을 고화제로 사용하였으며 현장 광미 및 광폐석을 대상으로 고화체를 양생하고 고화체의 압축강도 및 중금속 용출 정도를 측정하였다. 고화체의 물리/화학적 특성을 비교하기 위해 광미/고화제 비율, 배합수/고화제 비율 그리고 고화체 양생기간을 실험인자로 설정하였다. 실험 결과 광미/고화제의 비율 1:1 만을 고려하더라도 중금속 용출의 급격한 감소가 이루어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 광미/고화제의 비율을 3:1 이하로 유지시키는 경우, 고화체의 압축강도가 현행 폐기물 관리법(20조 관련)에서 규정하고 있는 차단형 매립시설 내부막의 압축강도 기준인 $0.21kgf/mm^2$ 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 pH를 갖는 수용액에 대하여 시간에 따른 고화체의 중금속 용출률을 측정한 결과, 수용액의 pH가 1과 13인 강산/강염기 용액에서 일부 중금속의 용출 농도가 지하수 생활용수 기준치를 초과하였으나, pH와 3 - 11인 경우에는 중금속 용출률이 급격히 감소하여 모두 기준치 이하를 나타내었다. 또한, pH가 1과 13인 수용액의 경우에도 고화체와 반응하는 시간이 증가할수록 고화체의 buffering 효과에 의해 수용액의 pH가 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 현장에서 접촉수의 pH가 강산이나 강염기라 하여도, 고화체의 buffering 효과에 의해 시간이 지남에 따라 수용액의 pH가 낮아져 고화체로부터의 중금속 용출은 매우 감소할 것임을 의미한다.ss of an active application defined using the model. The technique is developed in a platform- and language-independent way, and it is algorithmic and can be automated by computer program. We give an example dealing with network auction to illustrate the use of the model and the verification technique.품으로 내부 온도분포를 측정하였으며, 유한차분법 프로그램으로 대류열전달계수를 결정하였다. 대류열전달계수는 792에서 2,107 W/m$^2$로 분석되었다. 대류열전달 계수는 액상식품과의 상대속도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였고, 점도가 증가함에 따라서는 감소하였다.ce of precision/recall of 90.99%/92.52%, and 93.39%/93.41% respectively. 의한 변성에 부분적으로 보호 작용을 나타 낼 것으로 추정된다.경(製麴72時間頃)의 활성(活性)은 보리쌀국(麴), 밀가루국(麴), 찹쌀국(麴), 고구마국(麴)의 순이었다.험 결과 오전용 사료는 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 것을 급여하고, 오후용 사료는 Ca공급제를 3배 첨가한 T2처리로 15:00~16:00시에 교체급여를 하면 사료섭취량 감소와 사료비 절감면에서 바람직할 것으로 사료되며, 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 분말사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고Ca의 펠렛사료를 혼합급여하면 산란계의 사료

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2003

The geography, circulation pattern, and ecology show that the semi-closed seas of Northwest Pacific be managed as one complete system. Ongoing multilateral cooperative efforts relevant to marine environmental protection in the Northwest Pacific area, include the Working Group for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) established under the auspices of WNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commissions, the UNDP/GEF Programme on Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution in East Asian Seas (PEMSEA), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization(PICES), and the United Nations Environment Programme(WNEP)'s Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP). The present report firstly describes the current situations on the existing regional cooperative regimes for marine environmental conservation in the Northwest Pacific region, with a special respect to the Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP) which was adopted in 1994 by Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation. Then, problems of the existing regimes are also discussed, together with the suggestion of the possible solutions, focusing on NOWPAP. Suggestions include: 1) the Northeast Asian countries should understand the importance of legally-binding regional convention, and should build up any legally-binding instrument which can function as a big umbrella for real regional cooperation without prejudice to the rights of the States, 2) At present stage, it will be possible to make a regional convention flexible without prejudice to the sovereign right of the States or territorial issues; 3) taking into account that the region often faces many generic political problems that often inhibit the effective collective actions on environmental issues, the leadership from UNEP or other international organizations is required; 4) strong institutional and financial framework should be made, and 5) multilateral efforts to respond to the new marine environmental threats should be taken at the regional level in order to protect the coastal and marine environments in the Northwest Pacific.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Even though the multiple pages TLB are effective in improving the performance, a conventional method with OS support cannot utilize multiple page sizes in user application. Thus, we propose a new multiple-TLB structure supporting multiple page sizes for high performance and low power consumption without any operating system support. The proposed TLB is organised as two parts of a S-TLB(Small TLB) with a small page size and a L-TLB(Large TLB) with a large page size. Both are designed as fully associative bank structures. The S-TLB stores small pages are evicted from the L-TLB, and the L-TLB stores large pages including a small page generated by the CPU. Each one bank module of S-TLB and L-TLB can be selectively accessed base on particular one and two bits of the virtual address generated from CPU, respectively. Energy savings are achieved by reducing the number of entries accessed at a time. Also, this paper proposed the simple 1-bit LRU policy to improve the performance. The proposed LRU policy can present recently referenced block by using an additional one bit of each entry on TLBs. This method can simply select a least recently used page from the L-TLB. According to the simulation results, the proposed TLB can reduce Energy * Delay by about 76%, 57%, and 6% compared with a fully associative TLB, a ARM TLB, and a Dual TLB, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2023

In general, electric submersible pumps (ESPs), which have an average life of 1.0 to 1.5 years, experience a decrease in performance and a reduction in life of the pump depending on oil and gas reservoir characteristics and operating conditions in wells. As the result, the failure of ESP causes high well workover costs due to retrieval and installation, and additional costs due to shut down. In this study, a flow loop system was designed and established to predict the life of ESP in long­term operation of oil and gas wells, and the life cycle data of ESP from the time of installation to the time of failure was acquired and analyzed. Among the data acquired from the system, flow rate, inlet and outlet temperature and pressure, and the data of the vibrator installed on the outside of ESP were analyzed, and then the performance status according to long-term operation was classified into five stages: normal, advice I, advice II, maintenance, and failed. Through the experiments, it was found that there was a difference in the data trend by stage during the long­term operation of the ESP, and then the condition of the ESP was diagnosed and the failure of the pump was predicted according to the operating time. The results derived from this study can be used to develop a failure prediction program and data analysis algorithm for monitoring the condition of ESPs operated in oil and gas wells.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.881-890
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• 2009

To solve big problem in high energy physics or bioinformatics, it needs a large number of computing resources. But it hard to be provided by one grid environment. While user can submit each job by using it's own user interface in each grid environment, it may need many cost and efforts to manage several hundred jobs conserved in each grid environment separately. In this paper, to solve this problem we develop Ganga's Gridway backend and InterGrid backend. Therefore as we provide the same grid user interface between different grid environments. We developed a Gridway backend module that provide users with access to globus-based grid resources as well. We have also developed an InterGrid backend that allows users to submit jobs that have access to both glite-based resources and globus-based resources. In order to demonstrate the practicality of the new backend plugin modules, we have integrated the AutoDock application used by WISDOM project into Ganga as a new built-in application plugin for Ganga. And we preformed interoperability experiment between PRAGMA grid based on Globus and EGEE grid based on gLite.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2484-2490
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• 2012

This study reports on the development and performance verification of cell simulation boards of simulator and the embedded program for board control of the battery management system (BMS) of electric vehicle (EV) cars, which manages the next-generation automotive lithium-ion battery pack. Here, we have improved the speed of the simulator by using operational (OP) amplifier and transistors that were connected in series. In addition, using a digital analog converter (DAC) in each channel, we have improved the performance by channel-to-channel isolation (isolation) as compared to the traditional methods. Furthermore, by constructing a current-limiting protection circuit, one can be protected from disturbance and, by utilizing a precision shunt resistor for the current sensor, we have increased the precision of the current control. In order to verify the performance of the developed simulator, we have performed the experiment 10 times, with values ranging from 0.5 V to 5 V, and a voltage drop step of 0.5 V. Significance analysis of experimental data, and repeatability tests were performed, showing an average standard deviation of 0.001~0.004 V, indicating high repeatability and high statistical significance of the current method and system.