• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate whether nutritional supply influences biochemical markers and clinical outcomes in patients who received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) by evaluating adequacy of nutritional supply for patients. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, 239 adult patients who received CRRT in the intensive care unit for more than 3 days were included. General information from electronic medical records and nutritional status related biochemical data and clinical outcomes on the first day of CRRT and 2 weeks after CRRT were collected. Results: The rate of delivered energy and protein was 68.06% and 43.13% which was much lower than energy and protein supply based on their requirement. When the patients were divided into two groups according to 70% of energy received rate and 50% of protein received rate, the group with more than 70% of energy received rate showed significant decrease of length of hospital stay (p = 0.007), length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.008), duration of CRRT (p < 0.001), and APACHE II score (p < 0.001) compared to less than 70% of energy received rate after adjusting for age. In addition, the group with more than 50% of protein received rate showed decreased mortality (p = 0.031), length of hospital stay (p = 0.008), length of ICU stay (p = 0.035), duration of CRRT (p < 0.001), and APACHE II score (p < 0.001) after adjusting for age. We found that the level of hematocrit (p = 0.006) was significantly improved in the group with more than 70% of energy received rate, and the level of TLC (p = 0.049), hematocrit (p = 0.041) was significantly improved in the group with more than 50% of protein received rate. We also found that energy delivery was negatively correlated with length of stay in ICU (p = 0.049) and positively correlated with level of calcium (p = 0.037). In addition, protein delivery was correlated with the levels of serum total protein (p = 0.021), serum albumin (p = 0.048), hematocrit (p = 0.009), and total cholesterol (p = 0.021) when dead patients were included, but was correlated with the levels of hematocrit (p = 0.034) and calcium (p = 0.024) when dead patients were excluded. Conclusion: Proper nutritional delivery may help patients' clinical outcomes for patients receiving CRRT. However, their actual intakes of energy and protein were not adequate for their requirements. Identification of patients with malnutrition is necessary and a multidisciplinary approach for systemic management is also required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.344-350
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a novel sharing method ordering the events occurring between users collaborated with the common telecomputing environment. We realize the sharing method with multimedia data to improve the coworking effect using teleprocessing network. This sharing method advances the efficiency of communicating projects such as remote education, tele-conference, and co-authoring of multimedia contents by offering conveniences of presentation, group authoring, common management, and transient event productions of the users. As for the conventional sharing white board system, all the multimedia contents segments should be authored by the exclusive program, and we cannot use any existing contents or program. Moreover we suffer from the problem that ordering error occurs in the teleprocessing operation because we do not have any line-up technology for the input ordering of commands. Therefore we develop a method of retrieving input and output events from the windows system and the message hooking technology which transmits between programs in the operating system In addition, we realize the allocation technology of the processing results for all sharing users of the distributed computing environment without any error. Our sharing technology should contribute to improve the face-to-face coworking efficiency for multimedia contents authoring, common blackboard system in the area of remote educations, and presentation display in visual conference.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.796-801
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• 2011

The objective of this work presented here was focused on analysis of development trend for the integrated power system of naval vessels to perform the high-power and energy mission load platform. These mission loads are affected by the high level of military technologies, digitalization of the ocean battlefield, high power sensor system for maximization of the ship survivability. All electric power including propulsion power for ship should be controlled by integrated single system in order to carry various high power density weapon system such as Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, Electromagnetic Rail Gun[feasible precision striking at long distance 200NM(370km) or over]. As the analyzing the present state of things, mechanical propulsion system is shifted into hybrid or fully electric propulsion systems to realize integrated power system at the developed countries. Such challenges include reduced dependency on foreign-supplied fossil fuel, increasing demand for installed ship power, controlling life-cycle costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2001

우리나라 전 연안에 고루 분포하고 있는 육상 양식장은 넙치, 조피볼락 등을 대상으로 운영되어 오고 있다. 이들 육상 양식장은 유수식 양식장으로 대부분이 생산량 증가에만 주력해 왔다. 1997년 7월부터 농수산물 시장이 완전 개방됨으로써 고비용 저효율 생산 체계에서 벗어나지 못하는 영세 양어가는 보다 어려운 처지에 높이게 되었다. 그러므로 가동 경비의 절감은 앞으로의 발전을 위한 가장 절박한 문제로 한사람의 인력으로 생산될 수 있는 양을 극대화할 수 있는 시설이어야 하며, 물의 순환과 산소 보충을 위한 동력 또는 에너지 소비량을 가능한 줄이도록 하여 생산원가 절감을 통한 경쟁력을 갖추어야 한다(김 1996). (중략)

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1998

In this study a channel cavity flow was performed. The channel has small size in the upper cavity region. At the gap is supplied by driven flow for Reynolds number. The experimental study was carried out in a channel cavity with square heat surface by visualization equipment with Mach-Zehnder interferometer and laser apparatus. Heat source was uniform heat flux($0.4W/cm^2,\;0.8W/cm^2,\;1.2W/cm^2$). When the bottom wall is heated, the tendency of natural convection flows are vigorous increasing heat flux.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.1 s.45
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

In this study, on the basis of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and through a questionnaire on subjective preference and importance, various power supply systems were comprehensively compared with multiple decision criteria such as environmental, social, healthy, and economic viewpoints and then overall priority was assessed. When a decision-making problem is modelled by a hierarchy structure, the AHP method is regarded as a useful tool for extracting subjective opinions via the aforementioned questionnaire. Here, the overall preferences were obtained by linearly aggregating weighting vector and preference matrix. The energy systems such as nuclear, coal, and LNG power plants were selected because they took share over 90% of domestic electricity supply in Korea. Furthermore, wind power and photovoltaic solar systems were included as representative renewable energy systems in Korea. According to the results of this demonstration study, the following comprehensive comparison indicators were yielded: 1) weighting factors for 4 types of main criteria as well as for 11 types of sub-criteria; 2) preference valuation for 7 types of energy systems under consideration; 3) overall score for each energy systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.189-191
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• 2006

전력시장의 도입과 함께 그동안 전력사업자가 자체적으로 운용하였던 계통보조서비스를 이제는 각 발전사에게 할당하여 공급하는 체계가 됨에 따라 이에 대한 적절한 보상이 주요 이슈화 되고 있다. 헌재 주파수제어나 예비력확보 등은 보상되고 있지만 무효전력 조정에 대해서는 아직까지 아무런 보상책이 없어 무효전력의 공급을 기피할 가능성이 있다. 그동안 무효전력의 최적비용에 대해서는 최적조류계산이나 한계송전손실계수 산정 등에 의해 각 모선별로 산정하는 방법은 연구되고 있지만 각 발전기의 변동비 측면의 접관은 실재 적용 가능한 현실적인 방법임에도 이에 대한 연구가 적었다. 여기서는 무효전력의 변동비를 산정하기 위해 손실에 따른 부가적 에너지를 구하고, 무효전력 운용 유지보수 비용 및 수명 저하에 따른 비용요소를 고려한다. 이 연구방법의 특징으로는 발전기측의 자료를 사용하여 각 발전기의 무효전력 공급에 따른 변동비를 산정할 수 있어 무효전력 공급에 대한 각 발전기별 보상을 할 수 있는 방법이다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 2013

Energy storage system is an energy reservoir which can store the electrical energy produced by the power plant into the chemical energy at the time whenever it needs to use. Accordingly, the energy storage system can help to improve the energy utilization efficiency and the stabilization of the power supply system. In addition, it can cope with the issues of carbon dioxide reduction and depletion of fossil fuel. Lead-acid battery in the secondary battery fields is one of the most developed technologies. It is also economical, reliable storage device. Therefore, the instantiation case of energy storage system using lead-acid battery was investigated for the reference studies.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.586-587
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• 2011

에디슨이 전기를 발명한 후 지난 100년간 전력산업은 증가하는 전력수요에 대응하기 위해 공급측면에서 발전소 및 송배전 설비 건설을 통해 전력공급 문제를 해결하여 왔다. 이 과정에서 화석연료 사용으로 인한 지구환경오염, 화석연료 고갈에 따른 에너지 가격 급등등으로 신규 대체자원의 개발과 수요측면에서 대응방안 마련이 절실한 상황에 이르렀다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 하는 전력산업의 패러다임이 스마트그리드이며, 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드 핵심자원인 수요측자원에 대해 스마트그리드 제주실증단지 전력시장에서의 수요자원 운영방안에 대한 체계를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2004

The NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) thermal-hydraulic programs adopted in the domestic full-scope power plant simulators were provided in early 1980s by foreign vendors. Because of limited compulsational capability at that time, they usually used very simplified physical models for a real-time simulation of NSSS thermal-hydraulic transients, which entails inaccurate results and, thus, the possibility of so-called "negative training", especially for complicated two-phase flows in the reactor coolant system. In resolve the problem, KEPRI developed a realistic NSSS T/H program ARTS which was based on the RETRAN-3D code for the improvement of the Nuclear Power Plant full-scope simulator. The ARTS (based on the RETRAN-3D code) guarantees the real-time calculations of almost all transients and ensures the robustness of simulations. However, there is some possibility of failing to calculate in the case of large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) and low-pressure low-flow transient. In this case, the backup calculation system cover automatically the ARTS. The backup calculation system was expected to provide substantially more accurate predictions in the analysis of the system transients involving LBLOCA. The results were reasonable in terms of accuracy, real-time simulation, robustness and education of operators, complying with FSAR and the AMSI/ANS-3.5-1998 simulator software performance criteria.