• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

This study is concerned with Finite Element Analysis on welded part of control link fur automobile. For analysis, control link was modeled into two parts, ring and rod. Heating condition, temperature distributions and fatigue fracture strength were analyzed using "HEAT III" and "NDURE" module of NISA II. Metal flow in the process of welding was simulat- ed by $DEFORM^{TM}2D$.The analyzed results were compared with experimental inspection. Quality of welded part was able to be improved by controlling metal flow in the process of welding by increase the friction constant of ring part. Heat transfer analysis and flow simulations were in good agreement wish welding experiments.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 1990년도 특별강연 및 춘계학술발표 개요집
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• pp.151-154
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• 1990

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

중수로형 핵연료봉단마개용접부의 품질검 사는 금속조직 검사에 따른 용접계면에 존재하는 불연속인 용접선(weld line) 길이가 가장 중요한 검사기준이다. 본 연구에서는 저항용접에서 가장 중요한 변수인 용접열의 변화에 따라 용접계면에서 용접선 소멸과 이 용접선이 용접부에 미치는 경향을 미세조직, 인장 및 파열시험으로 조사하였고, 또 주사전자현미경을 사용하며 파단면을 조사하였다. 용접열(main heat)의 변화에 따라 실제 용접에 사용된 전류와 업셋에 따른 시편길이 감소량은 증가하였으며 이들에 관한 상관관계식을 유도하였다. 용접열 50%근 용접된 용접부의 용접업셋 크기, 기계적 강도 및 용접선 소멸등을 고려한 결과 이것이 건전한 봉단마개 용접을 위한 임계치임을 알았다. 용접열을 50%에서 75%로 변화시킴에 따라 Zircaloy-4 용접부의 미세조직은 basketweave, Widmanstatten과 마르텐사이트로 변했고, 이는 용접시 최고도달 온도에 따라 냉각속도가 크게 변화했기 때문으로 사료된다. 인장시험에 의한 용접선 파단면에서 연성파괴의 dimple 형상은 2축응력에 의해 파열된 파단면의 dimple보다 크고 깊었음이 관찰되었다. 저항업셋용접부에서의 용접전류 증가에 따른 용접선의 소멸과정은 초기용접계면에 기공 존재, 이들의 수축과 소멸 및 초기계면 수축등 3단계로 구분할 수 있었다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 1992년도 특별강연 및 추계학술발표 개요집
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• pp.186-189
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• 1992

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.240-249
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• 1992

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of welded joints on the Zircaloy-4 resistance upset welding for HWR(Heavy Water reactor)fuel rods. To estimate the characteristics of welded joints, the various tests were performed on the test coupons systematically with a wide range of each welding parameters in terms of a tensile test, burst test, knoop hardness test and metallography. Major results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. The tube and machined with 120.deg. projection was the reliable weld joint design for the nuclear fuel rod end cap welding. 2. As the weld current and the amount of upset increased linearly with increasing welding main heat input, it could make an estimate of their variation in accordance with the phase shift control. 3. It was found that an increase in squeeze force has an effect on the upset contour of welded joint because the amount of upset were increased by the change of squeeze force.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.803-808
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• 2000

This thesis studied whether friction welding of SPSS, localized torsion bar material could be accomplished or not. And then optimum welding conditions were examined and leaded through tensile, impact, torsion and hardness test after postweld heat treatment of the actual field condition. Obtained results were as follows; Linear relationship was existed between heating time and total upset, and a quadratic equation model could be made between tensile strength and heating time. Optimum welding conditions with fine structure were as follows in case total upset(U)=8.5mm; the number of rotations(n)=2,000 rpm, heating pressure($p_1$)=80MPa, upset pressure($p_2$)=200MPa, heating time($t_1$)=4sec, upset time($t_2$)=3 sec.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1989

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of welding parameters such as welding current, electrode force(or squeeze force) and parts cleaning on the sound weld, and establishing the most reliable weld conditions for HWP(Heavy Water Reactor) fuel end capping with the resistance upset butt welding. Major results obtained are as follows. 1. The amount of sound weld was increased with increasing weld current(5.0-11KA) because the activated diffusion with increasing heat generation played an important role in eliminating the porosity and weld line in the weld interface. 2. It was found that weld current was not significantly influenced by the electrode force although the increase of it caused a slight increase of weld current and upset deformation. 3. Acetone rinsing before drying for the Zircaloy-4 end cap cleaning produced the reliable sound weld because it would remove the remaining solvent and surface films, and provided the uniform contact between the end cap and the tube. 4. The optimum welding conditions for fuel end capping by a resistance upset hytt welding are obtained as follows. weld current: 10-11KA, electrode force: 62-90KPa parts cleaning: vapor degreasing.rarw.water, acetone rinsing.rarw.drying.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1987

Friction welding has emerged as a reliable process for high-production commercial applications with significant economic and technical advantages. But nondestructive test in friction weld was not clearly developed. Therefore the experimental verification is necessary in order to understand the characteristcs of the pulse echo effects according to various change in welding conditions. This paper presents an attempt to determine the relationship between the varios welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo method in dissibilar metals friction weld. The new approach of calculating the coefficients of reflection based on measured amplitudes of the echoes is applied in this paper. These coefficients provides a single quantitative measurement which involves both acoustic energy reflected at the welded interface as well as transmitted across the interface. As a result, it was known that the quantitave relationship between welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo exists in dissimilar metals friction weld.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

A deep neural network (DNN) model was proposed to predict the upset in the inertia friction welding process using a database comprising results from a series of FEM analyses. For the database, the upset length, upset beginning time, and upset completion time were extracted from the results of the FEM analyses obtained with various of axial pressure and initial rotational speed. A total of 35 training sets were constructed to train the proposed DNN with 4 hidden layers and 512 neurons in each layer, which can relate the input parameters to the welding results. The mean of the summation of squared error between the predicted results and the true results can be constrained to within 1.0e-4 after the training. Further, the network model was tested with another 10 sets of welding input parameters and results for comparison with FEM. The test showed that the relative error of DNN was within 2.8% for the prediction of upset. The results of DNN application revealed that the model could effectively provide welding results with respect to the exactness and cost for each combination of the welding input parameters.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.34-34
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• 1987

이종재 마찰용접재 강도특성과 초음파 반사계수와의 상관성에 관하여 실험적으로 연구한 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 1. 이종재 마찰용접 이음면에서의 초음파 반사계수를 펄스반사법에 의하여 측정산출할 수 있다. 2. 5MHz의 비교적 낮은 주파수의 탐촉자를 사용하므로써 시험편의 표면가공 오차를 무시할 수 있다. 3. 알루미늄과 스테인레스의 마찰용접에서는 용접조건으로 마찰가열시간이나 가열압력을 변수로 하였을 때보다 업셋가압력을 변수로 하였을 때 반사계수의 변화가 뚜렷하다. 4. 업셋가압력을 변수로 한 용접조건과 반사계수사이에는 선형적 상관관계가 있다. 5. 용접이음면에서의 이음인장강도와 반사계수와의 상관관계식을 정량적으로 도출할 수 있다. 6. 초음파 반사계수에 의해 이종재 마찰용접 품질의 비파괴적 평가가 가능하다