• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2009

Instruments used in this study were the Peer Competence Scale(Park & Rhee, 2001), Infant Temperament Questionnaire(Chun, 1993), Emotional Intelligence Quotient Scale(Kim & Kim, 1998), Maternal Parenting Scale(Park & Lee, 1990) Parental Involvement Checklist(Cohen, 1989), and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale(Pianta, 1991). Subjects were 400 preschoolers and their mothers in Seoul. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that (a) children of employed mothers had higher peer competence than children of unemployed mothers. (b) Closeness in teacher-child relationship was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of employed mothers; maternal strategies promoting peer relationships was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of unemployed mothers.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.517-524
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to provide basic contents which are based on the appropriate understanding, use, and information of smart devices for young children. The researcher surveyed mothers regarding the effects of their children's development as a result of using smart devices. A survey of 134 mothers with three to five-year-old children currently attending daycare centers or kindergartens was carried out. By using SPSS 18.0, the collected data of survey results was implemented via t-test and F verification. Study findings are as follows: First, the result of the survey analysis indicated that most mothers perceived that using smart devices did not heavily influence their child's development. Second, the mothers' perception was varied depending on whether it was their child's the first time using smart devices, the mother's education level, and on the mother's employment situation. However, there was no difference of perception in regards to gender. The results of this study suggest the necessity of parental intervention and prevention of side effect of children 's smart device use and parent education program.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.319-335
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of variables of interest on mothers' choices of infant care. The variables of interest in this study were categorized into the following three areas: 1) demographic characteristics of mothers and infants, 2) structural and procedual dimensions of infant care facilities, and 3) maternal beliefs on child-rearing. The subjects of this study were mothers whose infants were currently cared by at infant care facilities(n=185) and those who were on the waiting list to use non-maternal infant care(n=53). The main results of this study were as follows. First, mothers of this study preferred to select a type of center-based subsidized infant care over other types of care(family day care) due to quality of the program. Second, the mothers who were not using infant care and cared for their infants at homes reported that there were limitations in their choices of types of infant care due to accessibility and availability of public subsidized infant care facilities, and their child rearing goals were more likely to emphasize learning achievement and maturity than character education or personality. The mothers were more likely to choose a family home care over center-based public subsidized care when they were employed, had younger infants, had longer period of time on waiting lists, and emphasized structural dimensions of infant care than center-based care users. Implications for research and practices were discussed along with the main results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1986

Korea is a rapidly industrializing nation. As a consequence, more mothers are working outside the home. This trend is likely to continue into the future and raises the problem of infant-toddler care during the mother's working hours. Considering that Korea is making such rapid economic advances, quality care for children of working mothers Is not only desirable but affordable as well. Variety in options for child care is recommended by Beck (1982). Some of the alternatives in child care have been discussed elsewhere (KWDI, 1984). This paper, thus, concentrated on center-based, worksite child care. Because the human environment is the most important aspect of the center, qualified staff and a low ratio of children per staff member is Vital. Philosophy of program and its actualization ensures that the children have a worthwhile experience at the center. The physical plant houses the center and includes provision for space, materials, and equipment for staff and child use in carrying out the program. Adequate health protection is a critical factor in infant-toddler group care programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.628-639
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of children's daily stress and employed mothers' nurturing attitude on children's problem behavior, as well as the mediating role of employed mothers' nurturing attitude. 160 children (aged 3-6, in city "D") and their mothers participated in this study. The SPSS 18.0 program was used to conduct a regression analysis to examine the correlation between the children's daily stress, their problem behavior and the employed mothers' nurturing attitude, depending on the gender of the children. The results were as follows : First, in the case of the boys, their aggression and attention have effects on their coercive attitude, and their anxiety and depression have effects of decreasing magnitude on their logical attitude, blaming / offensive stress and pride-hurt stress in that order. Secondly, in the case of the girls, their aggression has effects on their coercive attitude, and their attention has effects of decreasing magnitude on their anxiety / frustration stress and coercive logical attitude in that order. On the other hand, their anxiety / depression have effects of decreasing magnitude on their accused/offensive stress and coercive attitude in that order. Third, the employed mothers' nurturing attitude had mediating effects between the children's daily stress and their problem behavior. However, no such mediating effects were observed in the case of the boys. Therefore, the mothers tend to foster complementary and logical parenting, rather than coercive or negligent parenting. It is thought that children need to reduce their stress levels in everyday life (in order to?) reduce their problems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.365-388
• /
• 2012

This study examined the effect of bilingual bicultural home environment and mother's command of Korean language on their participation in child rearing as well as on children's developmental outcomes. We carried out Analysis of Covariance Structure using the 1st year(2011) data of Gyeonggi Education Welfare Panel, which consists of 459 matched pairs of immigrant women and their 5th~6th grade children living in Gyeonggi-do. The results indicated that when the immigrant mother has good command of Korean language and the children are exposed to their maternal culture and language, mothers tend to actively participate in child rearing and this in turn has positive effects on developmental outcomes of their children. These results demonstrate that Korean language programs targeting immigrant women by marriage are important not only for assisting their employment and adaptation but also for enhancing parenting behaviors in multicultural families. Moreover these findings suggest that we need to understand the bilingual bicultural home environment in these families as a significant resource that contribute to their children's developmental outcomes and not as a risk factor to their adaptation, as it has frequently been viewed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.647-658
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mother's occupational background, their role satisfaction, and their young children's social competence. The subjects of this study were 360 working mothers having 3 to 6-year-old children and 56 teachers of the children drawn from 8 preschools and 7 kindergartens in Cheongju city. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : First, mother's occupational background was significantly different according to mother's age, educational level, job type, mother's income, family finances and the existence of a supporter for bringing up children. Second, mother's role satisfaction was significantly different according to mother's income and the existence of a supporter for bringing up children. Third, children's social competence was significantly different according to children's sex, age, mother's age, educational level, job type, mother's income and family finances. Finally, there were significantly meaningful correlations between mother's occupational background, their role satisfaction, and their young children's social competence.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.294-302
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to compare the level of parenting stress, entrapment, satisfaction of paternal support, and marital satisfaction between employed and non-employed mothers and to identify significant predictors for parenting stress. Methods: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 175 women who were employed or non-employed with preschool children through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, Pearson's coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Results: Results shows that the level of parenting stress of non-employed mothers was significant higher than that of employed mother. The parenting stress was negatively correlated to marital satisfaction and positively correlated to entrapment in both of them. Entrapment was significant predictors explaining parenting stress in both of them and level of maternal education and satisfaction of paternal support and was significant predictors explaining parenting stress of non-employed mothers. Conclusion: Entrapment was very important factors to management parenting stress of both employed and non-employed mothers. Especially, satisfaction of paternal support and marital satisfaction was very important factor to manage parenting stress of mothers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.259-284
• /
• 2011

This thesis examined the effects of social demographical variables, multiple intelligences, and creative home environment on the child leadership. Study samples are 5 years old children at the kindergartens located in Seoul and metropolitan areas as well as their parents and (homeroom) teachers. 173 copies were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows: First, in terms of difference of multiple intelligences, creative home environment and child leadership depending on social demographical background, The second child showed significantly different interpersonal intelligence among other multiple intelligences from the first child with regard to the birth order. In terms of mother's education level and creative home environment, mothers with education more than universities showed big difference in family pressure. In terms of effects of total income, the children from families with total income over 4 million won showed significant difference in logical, mathematical, naturalist intelligence. and language intelligence. In terms of creative home environment, significant difference was found with regard to learning environment and child respect. Second, multiple intelligences, creative home environment, and child leadership showed correlated strongly. Third, total income in social demographic variables, language intelligence in multiple intelligences, and family pressure in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Total income in social and demographical variables and family pressure in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Interpersonal relation intelligence in multiple intelligences and learning environment in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Total leadership had effects on family pressure only in creative home environment.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.147-164
• /
• 2008

The goal of this study was to examine the economic and cultural factors that influenced the intention of having a second child. In particular, this study intended to examine whether the factors related to the intention of having a child differed by the employment status of married women. The data for this study were drawn from the National Survey on the Trend of Marriage and Birth. This survey was conducted in 2005 by Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The sample consisted of 690 married women who had one child(282 employed and 408 unemployed). The data were analyzed by logistic regression with SAS 9.1 program. The results showed that the employed women's intention of having a second child was affected by the husband's hours of housework, having a own mother(child's grandmother) and the perception of value of child. The employed women's intention of having a second child was affected by the perception of emotional value of child, and the sex of the first child. In sum, there were differences between the employed women and the unemployed women in the variables affecting the intention of having a second child. Perception of value of child was found important for both the employed and the unemployed women. Besides husband's hours of housework, having a mother and the needs for public support about child birth and rearing were found significant for the employed women. For the unemployed women, the costs of child care/education and the sex of the first child were found significant. The findings of this study suggested that different policy interventions be developed to satisfy the needs of the employed women and the unemployed women.