• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2019

The blockchain is a technique for managing transaction data in distributed computing manner without the involvement of central trust authority. The blockchain has been used in various area such as manufacturing, culture, and public as well as finance because of its advantage of the security, efficiency and applicability. In the blockchain, it was considered safe against 51% attack because the adversary could not have more than 50% hash power. However, there have been cases caused by large-scale computing attacks such as 51% and selfish mining attack, and the frequency of these attacks is increasing. In addition, since the development of quantum computers can hold exponentially more information than their classical computer, it faces a new type of threat using quantum algorithms. In this paper, we perform the security analysis of blockchain attacks composing the large computing capabilities including quantum computing attacks. Finally, we suggest the technologies and future direction of the blockchain development in order to be safe against large-scale computing attacks.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2021

Since Richard Feynman presented the concept of quantum computers, quantum computing have been identified today overcoming the limits of supercomputing in various applications. Quantum hardware has steadily developed into 50 to hundreds of qubits of various quantum hardware technologies based on superconductors, semiconductors, and trapped ions over 40 years. However, it is possible to use a NISQ (Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum) level quantum device that currently has hardware constraints. In addition, the software environment in which quantum algorithms for problem solving in various applications can be executed is pursuing research with quantum computing software such as programming language, compiler, control, testing and verification. The development of quantum software is essential amid intensifying technological competition for the commercialization of quantum computers. Therefore, this paper introduces the trends of the latest technology, focusing on quantum computing software platforms, and examines important software component technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2021.07a
• /
• pp.705-706
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 4차 산업기술에 대한 소비자들의 인지 정도를 살펴보고 이러한 기술들이 향후 인간의 삶에 미칠 위험에 대해 어떻게 지각하는지를 탐색하고자 한다. 즉, 4차 산업기술로 대표되는 5G, 블록체인, 인공지능, 10기가 인터넷, 증강현실·가상현실, 사물인터넷, 양자 컴퓨팅 등이 인간의 삶을 이롭게 할 것이라 믿는지에 대한 의문에서 출발한다. 분석결과, 7가지 신기술 중 10기가 인터넷과 양자 컴퓨팅을 제외한 5G, 블록체인, 인공지능, 증강현실·가상현실, 사물인터넷 등에 대한 소비자들의 인지 정도가 높을수록 해당 기술의 위험지각은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 4차 산업기술이 우리의 소비생활에 보다 잘 융화될 수 있도록 하는 정책적 단초를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• no.3 s.406
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2003

주입식 조직공학/ 무선센서망/ 글리코믹스/ 그리드 컴퓨팅/ 메카트로닉스/ 나노인쇄 리토그래피/ 분자 영상/ 양자 암호/ 나노태양전지/ 소프트웨어의 보증

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2017.11a
• /
• pp.360-362
• /
• 2017

올해 초, 구글(Google)이 SHA-1의 충돌 현상을 입증했다. 이것은 모든 타 암호 알고리즘 역시 안전할 수 없다는 것을 뜻하며, 향후 SHA-256을 사용하는 비트코인도 취약해질 수 있음을 의미한다. 이유인즉슨, 비트코인에서 사용되는 암호 및 해시 알고리즘은 답을 찾기 위해 상당한 시간이 소요되지만, 양자 컴퓨터의 큐비트를 바탕으로 하는 연산처리 능력은 그 시간을 대폭 감소시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 양자 컴퓨터가 비트코인에 얼마나 위협적일 수 있는지와 더불어 양자 컴퓨터 출현에 대비하고자 등장한 새로운 암호 화폐인 Byteball 및 QRL코인을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2021

Most of the internet security protocols rely on classical algorithms based on the mathematical complexity of the integer factorization problem, which becomes vulnerable to a quantum computer. Recent progresses of quantum computing technologies have highlighted the need for applying quantum key distribution (QKD) on existing network protocols. We report the development and integration of a plug & play QKD device with a commercial IPSec device by replacing the session keys used in IPSec protocol with the quantum ones. We expect that this work paves the way for enhancing security of the star-type networks by implementing QKD with the end-to-end IP communication.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.481-482
• /
• 2023

양자 컴퓨팅 환경에서 빅데이터를 이용하는 Quantum Artificial Intelligence(QAI)는 빠른 계산 속도를 추구한다. 최근 금융, 물류, 교통 분야의 QAI 모델과 이미지 분류용 quantum convolutional neural network가 소개됐지만 아직 완벽한 성능은 달성하지 못했다. 본 논문은 성능 향상을 위한 모듈을 새로 제시하고, 이를 소형 양자 컴퓨터에 적용하며 하이브리드 모델 구성을 가능하게 한다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법은 기존 네트워크와 비교해 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2024

Quantum computing can be a game changer in all areas of economy security, and society, and it is expected to bring innovation to the entire industrial ecosystem. The competition in this industry is accelerating with various countries pushing for policies to preempt technology and maintain a technological advantage. The quantum computing market is expected to show commercial gains in 2027 as an inflection point. Initially, it is expected to replace the high-performance computing market. However the continuous growth of quantum computing will depend on the development innovative services such as ChatGPT in AI, and technological breakthroughs. We examine the definition and outlook, evolution and dynamics, and supply chain structure of the quantum computing industry in an attempt to unveil implications for its development.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2023

Block cipher is not expected to be safe for quantum computer, as Grover's algorithm reduces the security strength by accelerating brute-force attacks on symmetric key ciphers. So it is necessary to check the post-quantum security strength by implementing quantum circuit for the target cipher. In this paper, we propose the optimal quantum circuit implementation result designed as a technique to minimize the use of quantum resources (qubits, quantum gates) for SIMECK lightweight cryptography, and explain the operation of each quantum circuit. The implemented SIMECK quantum circuit is used to check the estimation result of quantum resources and calculate the Grover attack cost. Finally, the post-quantum strength of SIMECK lightweight cryptography is evaluated. As a result of post-quantum security strength evaluation, all SIMECK family cipher failed to reach NIST security strength. Therefore, it is expected that the safety of SIMECK cipher is unclear when large-scale quantum computers appear. About this, it is judged that it would be appropriate to increase the block size, the number of rounds, and the key length to increase the security strength.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 2018

As the computational technology using quantum computing has been developed, several threats on cryptographic systems are recently increasing. Therefore, many researches on post-quantum cryptosystems which can withstand the analysis attacks using quantum computers are actively underway. Nevertheless, the lattice-based NTRU system, one of the post-quantum cryptosystems, is pointed out that it may be vulnerable to the fault injection attack which uses the weakness of implementation of NTRU. In this paper, we investigate the fault injection attacks and their previous countermeasures on the NTRU signature system and propose a secure and efficient countermeasure to defeat it. As a simulation result, the proposed countermeasure has high fault detection ratio and low implementation costs.