• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 1997

인체에 투여된 약물의 반응은 개체간에 현저한 차이가 있으며 특히 환자에게 투여된 약물의 효과가 상이하게 나타남으로써 치료의 실패나 흑은 약물의 유해작용으로 나타나기도 한다. 이러한 개체 상호간의 약물반응의 차이는 환경적인 요소, 영양학적인 요소, 연령, 병용한 다른 약물 및 이미 앓고 있는 질병 등에 의해서도 영향을 받으나 특히 유전적으로 결정된 약물대사 능력의 차이에 의해서도 기인된다. 이러한 측면에서 약물 대사의 유전적인 다양성과 비정상적인 반응을 다루는 약물유전학의 중요성은 최근 두드러지게 대두되고 있다. 특히 유전적인 요인으로 개체간의 차이는 효소의 유전적인 결핍과 관련이 있으며 이 결핍은 생체이물질에 대한 반응의 다양성을 설명할 수 있는 약물대사 능력의 다형성에 기인한다. 또한 약물반응의 다양성은 인종간, 특히 동양인과 서양인에서의 약물반응에서도 차이가 있어 각 인종간의 약물반응의 차이에 대한 연구와 이의 원인규명에 대하여 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이와 같은 견지에서 약물용량과 약물반응, 특히 약동학적 변화의 인종간의 차이와 각 개인의 차이 및 이의 원인에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.157-173
• /
• 2003

The history of pediatric psychopharmacology is very short and the research on safety, efficacy and side effects is preliminary and long-term effect on growth and maturation is not well known yet. Clinical findings have shown that the responses to antidepressants, antipsychotics, CNS stimulants and steroids in children and adolescents might be different from adult populations. Based on these findings, this paper reviewed three issues, Firstly, in developmental pharmacokinetics. the author discussed the developmental factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, protein-binding, metabolism and excretion. Secondly, in developmental pharmacodynamics, developmental characteristics of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine receptors and their clinical implications were reviewed. Lastly, in pharamcogenetic part, the clinical utility of pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetic aspects of pharmacogenetics, the pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacogenetics, the association studies of dopamine-related alleles in neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders or Tourette’s disorders, pharmacogenetic studies dopamine-related alleles and the pharmacogenetic studies of serotonin-related alleles. Based on these preliminary research, future pharmacogenetic applications in childhood and adolescent psychiatry were also discussed.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2000

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2021

Pharmacogenetics is opening a new era of precision medicine in psychiatry. Drug-metabolizing enzymes are characterized by genetic polymorphisms, which render a large portion of variability in individual drug metabolism. Dose adjustment based on pharmacogenetics knowledge is a first step to translate pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. However, diverse factors including cost-effectiveness should be addressed to provide clinical recommendation. To address current challenges in pharmacogenetics testing in psychiatry, this review provides an update regarding genotyping (SNP analysis, array, and next-generation sequencing), genotype-phenotype correlations, and cost-effectiveness. The current updates on pharmacogenetics in psychiatry will provide guidance for both clinician and researchers to have a consensus in harmonizing efforts to advance the pharmacogenetics field in a part of precision medicine in psychiatry.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.12a
• /
• pp.18-18
• /
• 2001

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cimetidine on theophylline pharmacokinetics in Korean healthy normal subjects. Eight subjects were enrolled and open label, two period cross-over study was conducted without significant drug related adverse reactions. Cimetidine seemed that significantly inhibited the metabolism of theophylline, oral clearance decreased significantly when cimetidine was coadministered. Coadministered cimetidine increased $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ of theophylline. All subjects were genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods to evaluate the differences in metabolic capacity in accordance with CYP1A2 genotypes, but no mutant genotype was found. This suggests that metabolic capacities were not significantly affected by CYP1A2 genotypes among subjects. In conclusion, disposition of theophylline was significantly affected by coadministered cimetidine. Further evaluation with well-designed drug interaction study in accordance with various genotype of CYP1A2 is needed.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.12a
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 1999

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2000

The development of inexpensive high throughput methods to identify individual DNA sequences is important to the future growth of medical genetics. This has become increasingly apparent as psychiatric geneticists focus more attention on the molecular basis of complex multifactorial diseases at which most of psychiatric disease is estimated. Furthermore, candidate gene approaches used in identifying disease associated genes necessitate screening large sequence blocks for changes tracking with the disease state. Even after such genes are isolated, large scale mutational analysis will often be needed for risk assessment studies to define the likely medical consequences of carrying a mutated gene. This review provide basic knowledge of up-to-date technology, cDNA microarray which enables above mentioned various research themes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1992.05a
• /
• pp.56-56
• /
• 1992

Risperidone은 D$_2$-수용체와 HT$_2$-수용체 차단효과를 동시에 지녀, 차세대 항정신분열증 치료제로의 가능성을 보이고 있는 약물이다. 그러나 risperidone의 주대사가 CYPIID1에 의할 가능성이 시사되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 향후 항정신병 치료제의 임상 제 1상 연구의 적정 모형 검토를 위해 risperidone율 모델 약물로 체내 약물의 동태, 내약성 및 약물 유전학적 특성등을 검토하였다. CYPIID1의 대사능을 검정한 12명의 정상 성인(11명: extensive metabolizer, 1명: poor metabolizer)을 대상으로 risperidone 투여 시험(placebo, 1, 2 mg)을 무작위 단일맹검 교차시험으로 시행하였다. 투약후 72시간까지 경시적으로 혈액, 뇨 채취 및 ECG lead II, 혈압/맥박의 변동 등을 측정하고, visual analog scale에 의해 중추신경계 주관적 증상들을 관찰 하였다. 혈장 risperidone 및 그 활성형대사물 9-OH risperidone 및 prolactin 농도는 radioimmunoassay법으로 측정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.3-19
• /
• 2003

The use of atypical antipsychotics is limited by occurrence of adverse reactions such as weight gain, despite of their benefits. This article provides a comprehensive review and discussion of the most significant findings regarding obesity-related pathways and integrates these with the known mechanism of atypical antipsychotic action. The focus of this article is primarily on the genetics of obesity related pathways that may be disrupted by atypical antipsychotics. This review also discussed weight gain, hyperglycemia or occurrence of diabetes while being treated with atypical antipsychotics from the point of view of pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenetic research seeks to uncover genetic factors that will help clinicians identify the best treatment strategies for their patients. It will aid clinically in the prediction of response and side effects, such as antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and minimize the current "trial and error" approach to prescribing in the near future. This article also presents the genetics of both central and peripheral pathways putatively involved in antipsychotic-induced weight gain while providing a comprehensive review of the obesity literature. This article also review obesity related candidate molecules which may be disrupted during atypical antipsychotic drug treatment.