• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate sleep parameters and to identify differences according to respiratory support therapy, sedation, and pain medication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods : In this observational study, sleep parameters were measured using actigraphy. We observed 45 sleep events in 30 ICU patients receiving respiratory support therapy. We measured the sleep parameters, time, efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO). The differences in sleep parameters according to the respiratory support therapy were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results : The average daily sleep time of the participants was 776.66±276.71 minutes, of which more than 60% accounted for daytime sleep. During night sleep, the duration of WASO was 156.93±107.91 minutes, and the frequency of WASO was 26.02±25.82 times. The high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) group had a significantly shorter night sleep time (𝑥²=7.86, p =.049), a greater number of WASO (𝑥²=5.69, p =.128), and a longer WASO duration (𝑥²=8.75, p =.033) than groups of other respiratory therapies. Conclusion : ICU patients on respiratory support therapy experienced sleep disturbances such as disrupted circadian rhythm and sleep fragmentation. Among respiratory support regimens, HFNC was associated with poor sleep parameters, which appears to be associated with the insufficient use of analgesics. The results of this study warrant the development of interventions that can improve sleep in ICU patients receiving respiratory support, including HFNC.

• 방송과미디어
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

사용자의 건강 및 인지 상태 모니터링을 위해 다양한 생체신호를 측정 및 분석하여 예측할 수 있다. 특히 최근 상용화되고 있는 웨어러블 센서 시스템을 이용하여 손쉽게 심전도나 액티그래피 움직임 정보를 사용자로부터 일상생활 중 장시간 얻어낼 수 있다. 그러나 사용자 상태 예측을 위한 기존 생체신호 분석 모델들은 생체신호 데이터의 성질을 최대한 반영하지 못하여, 본 논문에서는 최근 급속도로 발전하고 있는 인공지능 딥러닝 기술을 이용한 극복 방안에 대해 소개한다. 상태 모니터링의 구체적인 응용 예로 사용자 스트레스 및 수면 모니터링 분석에 생체신호 데이터 기반 딥러닝 기술을 적용하여 기존 모델보다 높은 성능을 보여주고 있다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2016

Since its development in the early 70s, actigraphy has been widely used in sleep research and clinical sleep medicine as an assessment tool of sleep and sleep-wake cycles. The validation and reliability of actigraphic measures have been reasonably examined in healthy normal individuals with good sleep patterns. Recent literature suggests that the use of actigraphy could be further extended to monitor insomnia and circadian sleep-wake disturbances, and detect sleep changes associated with drug treatments and non-pharmacologic interventions, although it is generally recommended to use complementary assessments such as sleep diaries and overnight polysomnography when possible. The development of actigraphy includes its improved hardware sensors for better detection of movements and advanced algorithms to score sleep and wake epochs. In this paper, we briefly review the quantitative analysis methods of actigraphy and its potential applications in sleep research.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2019

수면 질환에 사용되는 수면다원검사는 그 비용 및 시간적 제약으로 새로운 대안을 찾을 필요가 절실하다. 최근 웨어러블 헬스기기가 대중화 되면서 기존의 액티그래피를 이용한 수면분석을 대신하려는 다양한 연구가 되고 있으나 이들 기기의 데이터 및 알고리즘은 접근성 및 성능에 있어 매우 제한적인 상황이다 본 논문에서는 자체 제작된 가속도계 센서모듈을 이용한 수면 중 움직임 정보를 이용하여 AASM표준 방식 기준으로 분류된 수면 단계를 예측하고, 센서의 움직임 정보와 뇌파의 δ파와 θ파의 파워스펙트럼 비교를 통해 수면의 주기를 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제시했다. 31명의 공개된 PSG 분석결과를 이용한 수면 단계 예측 결과 85.26%의 정확도를 보였다. 움직임 신호의 특성과 δ파와 θ파의 파워 변화를 비교한 결과 REM수면과 NREM수면의 반복 주기를 제시한 알고리즘으로 찾을 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the sleep patterns of nursing students using self-report questionnaire and physiologic measurement, to examine the factors influencing sleep patterns in based on Spielman's model. Methods: Participants were 119 nursing students who were in the clinical practice period. Self-report questionnaires and actigraphy were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression by the SPSS/WIN 21.0 programs. Results: When sleep was measured by self-report questionnaire, 84 students (70.6%) showed poor sleep quality. The mean sleep efficiency was 82.6%, and 67 students(56.3%) showed low sleep efficiency (less than 85.0%). The factors affecting subjective sleep pattern measured by KMLSEQ were circadian sleep type (${\beta}=.28$, ${\rho}=.003$) and alcohol (${\beta}=.20$, ${\rho}=.031$). The factors affecting total sleep time were sedentary behavior (${\beta}=-.27$, ${\rho}=.003$) and daytime sleepiness (${\beta}=-.33$, ${\rho}$<.001). Conclusion: Many nursing students in their clinical practice period expressed sleep disturbance. Factors affecting the perceived sleep measured by the self-report questionnaire and objective sleep evaluated by physiologic measures were different. The evening type of students perceived poor sleep quality, however, sedentary life style and daytime sleepiness resulted in short sleep time. Therefore, more studies measuring the objective sleep characteristics are needed using subjective and objective characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and agreement of physical activity (PA) between data obtained from wearable Actigraph devices and self-reporting questionnaires, and to investigate the relationship between psychological state (depression, anxiety, and fatigue) and PA. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using physical measurements and surveys. PA was measured through both the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Actigraph GT3X+ device. The demographic characteristics of the subjects, as well as their depression, anxiety, and fatigue scores, were collected with structured questionnaires. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot method were employed. Results: Data from 36 healthy adults were analyzed. The overall levels of PA measured using the IPAQ and the Actigraph were 1,891.69 MET min/week and 669.96 MET/day, respectively. Total levels of PA did not show a significant correlation between the two measurement methodologies. However, the moderate-intensity PA resulting from the IPAQ scores showed a significant positive correlation with the light-intensity PA recorded by the Actigraph. The Bland-Altman plot analysis demonstrated that the levels of PA as measured by the two different methods did not match. In addition, PA measured using the Actigraph showed a significant negative correlation with depression and anxiety whereas PA measured using the IPAQ showed a significant positive correlation with fatigue. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the data obtained from the subjective self-reporting questionnaire and the wearable Actigraph do not correlate or match in healthy adults. Future research should investigate the relationship between depression and PA intensity through the Actigraph, or other wearable devices equipped with smartphone apps.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the rest-activity circadian rhythm (RAR) using data obtained from wearable actigraph devices in hospitalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to investigate its relationship with salivary alpha amylase (sAA). Methods: This secondary data analysis used data from the Hospitalized Older Adults' Cognition and Physical Activity Study. Actigraph data for 3-4 days were analyzed for RAR. RAR indices such as interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), activity level during the most active 10-hour period and during the most least active 5-hour period, and relative amplitude (RA) were calculated. Data on sAA collected in the morning and general characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), were analyzed. Results: Data from 92 hospitalized older adults with MCI were analyzed. The IS, IV, RA were 0.23, 0.73, 0.88, respectively. The average level of sAA was 77.02 U/mL, and a higher level of sAA was significantly associated with better IS and RA in the regression analysis, while age, BMI, and cognitive level were not. BMI showed positive correlations with IS and RA. Conclusion: RAR in the hospitalized older adults with MCI was attenuated, showing especially low IS, which implies they failed to maintain regular and repetitive 24-hour RAR. Increased sAA and BMI were associated with robust RAR. Nurses need to pay attention to maintain robust RAR in hospitalized older adults with MCI, and strategies should be developed to improve their RAR.

• 생약학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 1974

방사성 동위 원소화합물 소디움 아세테이트$-V-C^{14}(C^{14}$-아세데이트)를 2년생과 4년생 7월, 9월 미국인삼(오갈피 나무과, Panax quinquefolium L.) 식물과 캇팅(Cutting) 에 각기 심지법에 의하여 투여하였다. $C^{14}$아세테이트 섭취율은 약 99%였다. 오토래디오크로매토그램은 제조적 박층 크로매토그래피로 분리한 사포닌들이 불순물을 함유하고 있음을 제시하였으며 특히 잎이나 줄기 엑기스에서 분리한 사포닌들에 불순물이 많이 섞여 있음을 알았다. 뿌리 및 과실 메타놀 엑기스는 상대적으로 순수한 사포닌들을 얻을 수 있다. 패나퀼린 B의 과량으로 인한 패나퀼린 C에 대한 패나퀼린 B의 꼬리는 제조적 박층 크로매토그래피에서 서로 혼교되는 결과를 얻었다. 일차 정제된 사포닌들의 평균 함량(건조 식물에 대한 %)은 과실(9.8%), 줄기(7.9%), 뿌리(6.3%)에 비하여 잎(13.8%)에 높았다. $C^{14}$아세테이트가 패나퀼린으로 인코포레이트되는 평균 %는 48%였다. 패나퀼린 B와 C로 $C^{14}$아세테이트가 인코포레이트되는 평균 %는 패나퀼린 C (0.75%), (d) (0.65%). G-1 (0.13%) G-2 (0.53%)보다 높았다. (패나퀼린 B 1.40%, C 1.13%). 패나퀼린 합성은 식물의 채취 부위, 채취 시기 및 연령에 따라 를린다고 사료된다. 패나퀼린 B 에 $C^{14}$아세테이트가 인코포레이트되는 평균 함량은 뿌리(0.58%)와 줄기(0.48%)에서 높았고, 패나퀼린 C(0.40%)와 (d) (0.45%)는 잎에서 높았고, 패나퀼린 E는 뿌리 (0.55%)와 잎(0.50%)에서 각기 높았다. 패나퀼린 G-2는 식물의 모든 부위에서 생합성되어 졌다. 패나퀼린은 9월에 채집한 식물에서 보다 7월에 채집한 식물에서 보다 활발하게 생합성되는 것처럼 보였다(예외 패나퀼린 G-1). 패나퀼린 B, C, G-1은 4년생 식물에서 활발하게 생합성되고 패나퀼린 (d)와 E는 2년생 식물에서 활발하게 생합성된다고 사료된다. 캇팅에서 기대된 결과들은 패나퀼린들이 인삼 식물의 지상부위에서 새로히 합성되고 괘나퀼린 G-1은 잎에서 새로히 합성된다고 하는 것 들이다. 인삼 조직 배양 연구에서 알려진 바와 같이 패나퀼린들은 미국인삼과 한국인삼의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리 캘러스 조직에 의하여서도 합성될 뿐만 아니라 또한 그들의 캘러스 뿌리에서도 패나퀼린들이 항성된다. 따라서 인삼 사포닌인 패나퀼린은 인삼 식물의 세포나 기관등 모든곳에서 새로히 합성된다고 사료할 수 있다. $C^{14}$아세테이트가 패나퀼린의 비당체 부분에도 인코포레이트되는 것을 입증하였는데, 2년생 식물에서 패낙사다이올은 $(0.56\;m{\mu}Ci/mg)$, 4년생 식물에서 패낙사다이올은 $(0.54\;m{\mu}Ci/mg)$스페시획 액티비티를 갖었다.