• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

In this study, cholesteryl 4-n-alkoxybenzoates (Chol-n), with alkyl groups used for controlling the temperature of transition to the liquid crystal phase, were synthesized, and the effects of the length of the alkyl groups on the physical properties of the liquid crystal compounds were investigated. The chemical structures and thermal and liquid crystalline properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H$-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The synthesized compounds showed melting transition temperatures ($T_m$) in the range of $103^{\circ}C$ to $143^{\circ}C$ and all of the compounds except Chol-6 exhibited a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range of about $60^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. No correlation between the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and the thermal properties of the compounds was found. All of the synthesized compounds showed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase, which was accompanied by a chiral smectic phase in the compounds Chol-6, Chol-8, Chol-9, and Chol-10. All of the compounds exhibited thermochromism in the liquid crystal state, and their color changed from red to blue as the temperature was increased.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2015

Two series of unsymmetric dimesogenic compounds containing a butylene or pentamethylene group as the flexible spacer were synthesized and their thermal and mesomorphic properties were studied. Mesogenic groups of the synthesized compounds consisted of a cholesteryl and an azobenzene group with lateral substituent. Chemical structures and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and polarizing optical microscope (POM). All synthesized compounds, apart from $D5-OCH_3$, showed enantiotropic liquid crystal phases. Compounds having an even number of carbon atoms in the flexible spacer exhibited wide mesophase temperature ranges and high isotropic transition temperatures. Regarding the effect of lateral substituents, compounds with bulky substituents exhibited decreased mesophase temperature ranges and isotropic transition temperatures, while those with polar substituents showed the increased thermal stability of the smectic phase.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 1996

A series of new dimesogenic compounds, di-4-(p-substituted phenoxycarbonyl) phenoxyethyltetramethyldisiloxanes, were prepared and identified. Another compound having a $\beta$-naphthyl group in the place of a p-substituted phenyl ring was also synthesized. The results were as follows, 1) The compounds were synthesized with considerably high yields in the range of 85% to 95%. 2) All of the compounds are enantiotropic and form smectic phase in melt, the compound with $X=NO_2$ is $S_A$ while the remaining ones are SB. 3) Liguid crystalline phase transion of the compounds were influenced in corporations of the size and electron affinity of the substituent. 4) The heats of melting ΔHm, are particulary low, while the heats of isotropization, ΔHi, are comparable to other dimesogenic compounds. 5) The smectic group efficiency of the substituents in the compounds is in the order of $H

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 1993

A homologous series of cholesteryl biphenyl ester derivatives was prepared. The thermal behaviors of compounds were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and by polarizing microscope equipped with a hot-stage. The cholesteric phase is present in all the compounds, whereas the smectic one is absent in the compounds with R = 1 and 2. The compounds possessed higher phase transitiof' temperature and wider temperature range of meso phase in comparison with known cholesteric liquid crystal phases.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2019

In this study, compounds with azo-mesogenic groups at 4-, 3,5-, or 3,4,5-positions of one phenyl ring were synthesized, and their liquid crystallinity and photochemistry were investigated. The compounds in the Azo1 and Azo2 series had linear and planar geometries, respectively, while those in the Azo3 series had relatively bulky structures. Compounds of BA-Azo2 and BA-Azo3 did not show any liquid crystallinity. Compounds of BE-Azo1 and BE-Azo2 exhibited a monotropic liquid crystallinity, while the other compounds showed an enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. The liquid crystalline behavior was imparted by the azo-mesogenic groups, and most of the liquid crystalline compounds formed a smectic phase. All the RM-AzoX compounds exhibited photoisomerism because of the presence of the azo groups in the molecule. The rate of photoisomerization followed the order of RM-Azo3 < RM-Azo1 < RM-Azo2 and was considered to depend on the steric hindrance around the azobenzene groups in the molecule. These results suggest that the liquid crystallinity and photochemical property of the compounds are affected by the position or the number of azo-mesogenic groups phenyl ring of the molecule.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.176-180
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• 2005

The liquid crystalline properties of a series of main chain liquid crystalline polymers and four series compounds consisting of aromatic type Schiff base mesogenic units and polymethylene flexible spacers were studied. The thermal and liquid crystalline properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and on the hot stage of a polarizing microscope. The nature of the liquid crystalline phase of the polymers and compounds depended greatly on the length of the central polymethylene spacer and on the terminal alkoxy groups. Polymers I and Series III exhibited an even-odd effect in melting and isotropization temperatures but Series II and Series IV exhibited an even-odd effect in isotropization temperatures. They formed nematic and smectic mesophases in melts as judged by their optical textures observed through a polarizing microscope.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.698-705
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• 2015

Two series of symmetric dimesogenic compounds containing a butylene or 1-methylbutylene spacer as a flexible group were synthesized. The mesogenic groups of synthesized compounds consist of an azobenzene group with a terminal substituent. Chemical structures as well as, thermal, mesomorphic, and photochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated using FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and UV-visible spectrometry. P-H, P-F, and $P-OC_6H_{13}$ showed monotropic liquid crystal phases, whereas the others showed enantiotropic liquid crystal phases. Compounds with butylene group as a flexible spacer exhibited wider mesophase temperature ranges and higher thermal transition temperatures than compounds containing a 1-methylbutylene group. Compounds with a high absolute value of the Hammett substituent constant exhibited high thermal transition temperatures and improved stability in the liquid crystal phase. Furthermore, in the absence or presence of UV light illumination, terminal substituents of the azomesogenic group were important factors in deciding the maximum absorbance wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) and the rate of photoisomerization (K).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 1998

A series of new dimesogenic compounds were prepared and their thermotropic and liquid crystalline properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and on a hot-stage of a polarizing microscope. These compounds, 1,10-bis[2,5-bis(4-substitutedphenoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]decanes, consist of two bis(ρ-substitutedphenoxy)terephthalate units interconnected through a oxydecamethyleneoxy spacer on the central terephthaloyl units resulting in the structure of "H-shaped" dimeric twin compounds. The terminal substitutent groups were changed; X=-F, -H, -I, -Cl, -Br, $-NO_2,\;-CF_3,\;-OC_4H_9,\;-CN\;and\;-C_6H_5.$ The compounds with X=$-OC_4H_9,\;-CN\;and\;-C_6H_5$ were monotropically nematic. In contrast, the compounds with $X=-F, -H, -I, -Cl, -Br, $-NO_2\;and\;-CF_3$ were non-liquid crystals. The nematic group efficiency of these compounds was in the order of -C_6H_5>-CN>-OC_4H_9.$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.60-65
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• 1992

액정은 합성에 의해서 만들어지는 고분자 화합물로서 액체와 고체결정의 중간적인 특성을 갖는 물질이다. 따라서 액체와 같이 점도를 갖고 유동하며 고체와 같이 외부하중에 대하여는 탄성변형을 하므로 일반 윤활유보다 월등한 윤활특성이 기대된다. 액정은 분자배열에 따라 smectics, cholesterics, Nematics의 세종류로 나뉘어지며 Smectics는 다시 Smectic A, Smectic C등으로 분류되며 관심대상은 Smectic A이다. 본 연구에서는 평판 슬라이더 베어링의 간극에 액정층이 형성되어있을때 액정의 탄성계수, 침투계수 및 벌어짐계수가 베어링부하, 액정층의 유동현상등에 미치는 영향을 비선형 유한 요소법을 사용하여 해석하고 레이놀즈 이론해와 비교하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.39-46
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• 1987

액정(liquid crystal)은 고체 결정과 등방성 액체의 사이에서 발견되는 중간형태의 물질상태이다. 액정은 일반 유체와 같이 흐를뿐만 아니라 고체가 갖는 이방성 특징을 동시에 갖는다. 액정의 점도는 일반적으로 10-100 Cp 이며 점도가 낮은 기계류 윤활유에 해당한다. 이방성의 특징은 분자들의 긴 간격의 배열에 기인되며 광학적 birefringence로 쉽게 나타나진다. 액정은 세가지 형태로 나누어진다. Thermotropic 액정은 순수화합물이나 균질한 혼합물에서 관찰되는데 온도의 변화에 따라 상이 벼노하한다. 일반적으로 이 액정은 nematic, cholestric, 그리고 smectic 상으로 구분되며 Fig.2에 나타나 있다. Lyotropic 액정은 비누와 같은 amphiphilic분자들이 물과같은 적당한 용매에 용해할 때 나타난다. 이 액정은 Thermotropic 액정과 달리 농도가 상을 결정하는 주요한 변수이다. Polymer 용액은 액정배열을 가지며 Polymeric 액정이라고 불린다. 지금까지 액정에 관해 알려진 지식은 thermotrpic 액정에 관한 것이며 여기서는 이 액정에 관해서만 기술한다.