• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was a phantom study to measure the diffusion properties of water molecules by steady-state free precession diffusion-weighted imaging (SSFP- DWI) with a low b-value and to determine if this sequence might be useful for application to the evaluation of bone marrow pathology. Materials and methods : 1. The phantom study: A phantom study using two diffusion weighted sequences for the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient was performed. Three water-containing cylinders at different temperatures were designed: phantom A was $3^{\circ}C$, B was $23^{\circ}C$ and C was $63^{\circ}C$. Both SSFP and echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences (b-value: $1000s/mm^2$) were performed for comparison of the diffusion properties. The Signal to noise ratios (SNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three phantoms using each diffusion-weighted sequence were assessed. 2. The Clinical study: SSFP-DWI was performed in 28 patients [sacral insufficiency fractures (10), osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures (10), malignant compression fractures (8)]. To measure the ADC maps, a diffusion-weighted single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence ($650s/mm^2$) was obtained using the same 1.5-T MR imager Results : For the phantom study, the signal intensity on the SSFP as well as the classic EPI-based DWI was decreased as the temperature increased in phantom A to C. The ADC values of the phantoms on EPI-DWI were $0.13{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in phantom A, $0.22{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in B and $0.37{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$. in C. The SSFP can be regarded as a DWI sequence in view of the series of signal decreases. Conclusion : Bone marrow pathologies with different diffusion coefficients were evaluated by SSFP-DWI. All benign fractures were hypointense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow where as the malignant fractures were hyperintense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2005

With the introduction of working 5 days a week, people who are participating in sports activity has been increased so rapidly, therefore sports related injuries also has continued to grow. Among winter sports, snowboard has been gaining popularity among adolescents and young adults. But, snowboard related injuries, especially spinal injuries, has been rarely documented. We report a case of lumbar compression fracture following snowboard injury.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.522-527
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of bone using Tc-99m MDP in the diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Materials and Methods: Thirty two patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture were included in this study (mean age: $67{\pm}8$, male: 5, female: 27). Seventy nine vertebral fractures were detected (38 thoracic/thoracolumbar lesions and 41 lumbar lesions), which were classified by type of deformity (wedge, biconcave or compression). The patterns and locations of increased uptakes were examined and analyzed. Results: Forty seven wedge fractures, 20 biconcave fractures and 12 compression fractures were found. Diffuse and asymmetric uptakes were common in fractured bodies. More than one uptake were examined in 69 posterior elements of fractured vertebrae (87.3%) including 40 of 47 wedge fractures (85.1%), 17 of 20 biconcave fractures (85.0%) and 12 of 12 compression fractures (100%). Wedge fractures were predominant fracture in thoracic/thoracolumbar spine whereas incidence of biconcave or compression type war similar to that of wedge fracture in lumbar spine (p=0.04). Spinous process uptake was more frequently seen in lumbar lesions than thoracic/thoracolumbar lesions (p=0.009). Facet joint uptake in biconcave fracture was more common in lumbar spine (92.3%) than thoracic/thoracolumbar spine (57.1%). Spinous process uptake in biconcave fracture was also more frequently detected in lumbar spine (p=0.043). Conclusion: Bone SPECT was useful in the evaluation of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, especially posterior elements of vertebrae.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2019

Purpose: To examine the relationship between the progression of a kyphotic deformity and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in conservatively treated osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture patients. Materials and Methods: This study categorized the patients who underwent conservative treatment among those patients who underwent treatment under the suspicion of a thoracolumbar compression fracture from January 2007 to March 2016. Among them, this retrospective study included eighty-nine patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia with a bone density of less than -2.0 and single vertebral body fracture. This study examined the MRI of anterior longitudinal ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament injury, superior or inferior endplate disruption, superior of inferior intravertebral disc injury, the presence of low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and bone edema of intravertebral bodies in fractured intravertebral bodies. Results: In cases where the superior endplate was disrupted or the level of bone edema of the intravertebral bodies was high, the kyphotic angle, wedge angle, and anterior vertebral compression showed remarkably progression. In the case of damage to the anterior longitudinal ligament or the superior disc, only the kyphotic angle was markedly prominent. On the T2-weighted images, low signal intensity lesions showed a high wedge angle and high anterior vertebral compression. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations among the posterior longitudinal ligament injury, inferior endplate disruption, inferior disc injury, and the progression of kyphotic deformity and vertebral compression. The risk factors that increase the kyphotic angle by more than 5° include the presence of injuries to the anterior longitudinal ligament, superior endplate disruption, and superior disc injury, and the risk factors were 21.3, 5.1, and 8.5 times higher than those of the uninjured case, and the risk differed according to the level of bone edema. Conclusion: An osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture in osteoporotic or osteopenic patients, anterior longitudinal ligament injury, superior endplate and intravertebral disc injury, and high level of edema in the MRI were critical factors that increases the risk of kyphotic deformity.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

A traumatic dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is a rare injury, and among them, anterior dislocation is more common than a posterior dislocation. Posterior dislocation is a potential risk by compressing the mediastinal structures, but an anterior dislocation has not been considered a risk. Traumatic sternoclavicular joint anterior dislocation associated with anterior angulation of a sternal fracture can develop mediastinal compression and have a risk in the same way as a posterior dislocation. This case report is about a traumatic sternoclavicular joint anterior dislocation with a sternal fracture accompanied by mediastinal compression that was treated surgically using a plate and showed relatively good clinical results. This rare case is reported along with a review of the relevant literature.

• 대한족부족관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the radiological efficacy of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation of pedicle screw operation in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty OVCF patients, who underwent only posterior fusion using pedicle screws with PMMA augmentation, were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 15.6 months. The demographic data, bone mineral density (BMD), fusion segments, number of pedicle screws, and amount of PMMA were reviewed as medical records. To analyze the radiological outcomes, the radiologic parameters were measured as the time serial follow-up (preoperation, immediately postoperation, postoperation 6 weeks, 3, 6 months, and 1 year follow-up). Results: A total of 20 patients were examined (16 females [80.0%]; mean age, 69.1±8.9 years). The average BMD was -2.5±0.9 g/cm². The average cement volume per vertebral body was 6.3 ml. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of focal kyphosis was 32.7°±7.0° and was improved significantly to 8.7°±6.9° postoperatively (p<0.001), with maintenance of the correction at the serial follow-up, postoperatively. The Cobb angle of instrumented kyphosis, wedge angle, and sagittal index showed similar patterns. In addition, the anterior part of fractured vertebral body height averaged 11.0±5.0 mm and was improved to 18.5±5.7 mm postoperatively (p=0.006), with maintenance of the improvement at the 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: The reinforcement of pedicle screws using PMMA augmentation may be a feasible surgical technique for OVCF. Moreover, it appears to be appropriate for improving the focal thoracolumbar/lumbar kyphosis and is maintained well after surgery.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.369-373
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• 2003

The compressed fracture of spine caused by osteoporosis is one of the most frequent diseases in bone fracture. Recently the vertebroplasty has drawn much attention as a medical treatment for the compressed fracture of spine, which strengthens the vertebral body and corrects deformity, and relieves pain in patients by injecting bone cement. But because there were no research about strengthening of mechanical properties of verbral body in bone cement injection, in this study, based on the properties of PMMA, we had measured the Young's modulus for different apparent densities of intact trabecular bone and PMMA injected one from a porcine and a cadaver. Young's modulus to apparent density had a form of a power series in intact trabecular bone and had a linear relation in PMMA injected bone.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.176-177
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of three different surgical approaches in treating a distal radius fracture with dorsal communition. Materials and Methods: From April, 2006 to May, 2009, 49 patients over age of 60years old with unstable dorsal communition distal radius fracture were analyzed. We compared maintainability of reduction by radiological follow-up observations and clinical outcomes using Mayo wrist scores. One-Way ANOVA test was performed to examine the statistical correlation between the methods. Results: All three approaches provided satisfactory post-op reduction results. However, follow-up observations showed significant loss of reduction in the external fixation only group compared to the added bone graft group and the volar anatomical locking plate group (P<0.05). Mayo wrist score was indifferent between the three groups. Conclusion: Treatment of a distal radius fracture with severe dorsal communition using an external fixation only appears to be insufficient in maintaining reduction of a cancellous bone defect.