• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.270-278
• /
• 2002

Mg and Mg alloys are attractive hydrogen storage materials because of their lightweight and high absorption capacity. Their range of applications could be further extended if their hydrogenation properties and degradation behavior could be improved, The main emphasis of this study was to find an economic manufacturing method for Mg-Ti-Ni-H systems, and to investigate their hydrogenation properties, In order to examine hydrogenation behavior, a Sieverts type automatic pressure-composition-isotherm(PCI) apparatus was used and the experiments were performed at 423, 473, 523, 573, 623 and 673K. The results of thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) reveal that the absorbed hydrogen contents are around 2.5 wt% for ($Mg_9Ti_1$)-10 wt% Ni. With increased Ni content, the absorbed hydrogen content decreases to 1.7 wt%, whereas the dehydriding starting temperatures are lowered by some 70-100K. The results of PCI on ($Mg_9Ti_1$)-20 wt% Ni show that its hydrogen capacity is around 5.3 wt% and its reversible capacity and plateau pressure are also excellent at 523K and 573K. In addition, the reaction enthalpy, $\Delta$HD.plateau, is $30.6{\pm}5.7kJ/molH_2$.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.318-323
• /
• 2004

Poly(ethylene-co-13.8 mol% octene) ($PEO_{13.8}$), Poly(ethylene-co-15.3 mol% octene) ($PEO_{15.3}$)과 분자크기와 분자구조가 각각 다른 탄화수소의 2성분계 혼합물에 대한 cloud-point, bubble-point 압력을 $150^{\circ}C$, 450 bar까지 측정하였다. (PEO+n-프로판), (PEO+n-부탄) 2성분계 혼합물에서 cloud-point 곡선이 측정되었고, (PEO+n-펜탄) 혼합물에서는 cloud-point와 bubble-point 곡선이 모두 측정되었다. (PEO+시클로펜탄), (PEO+시클로헥산), (PEO+시클로 헵탄), (PEO+시클로옥탄) 2성분계 혼합물에서는 bubble-point 곡선이 측정되었다. (PEO+탄화수소) 2성분계의 압력-조성 등온곡선과 온도-조성 등압곡선은 PEO의 농도가 약 5 wt%일 때 각각 최고점과 최저점을 가졌다. (PEO+탄화수소) 2성분계는 PEO 농도가 5 wt%에서 임계조성을 가진다. PEO는 n-알칸과 시클로알칸 용매에서 LCST 유형의 상거동을 보여주며, 탄화수소의 분자크기가 증가할수록 PEO의 녹는 압력은 감소하였고 용해도는 증가하였다.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.61-87
• /
• 1995

홍제사 화강암질 편마엄체의 암상은 국부적으로 중앙부에거 주변부로 감에 따라 차례로 입상변정질 화강임질 편마암, 반상변정질 화강암질 편마암, 그리고 미그마타이트질 편마암으로 점이적인 변화를 보인다. 암상변화에 따른 광물군의 변화는 뚜렷하게 구분되지 않지만, 미그마타이트질 편마암 인접부에서는 부분적으로, 광물군이 변화를 보여, 이를 Zone I과 II로 구분하였다. Zone I의 특징은 K-장석+백운모+규선석의 공생이고, Zone II의 특징은 (1)백운모의 소멸, (2) 석류석+군청석의 공생, (3) 석류석+근청석+각섬석의 공생이다. 분천 화강암질 편마암체는 주로 안구상편마암으로 구성되어있으며, 홍제사 화강암질 편마암체과 인접부에서는 흑운모+K-장석+규선석+(남장석) 광물군집을 보인다. 두 암체에서 산출되는 남정석은 타형 내지 반자형의 결정으로잔류형태의 광물로 나타나며, 규석석과 공존하며 나타나기도 한다. 미그마이트질 편마암의 ZoneII에서 석류석은 중심부와 주변부에서 높은 F/FM(=Fe/Fe+Mg)값과 $X_{Fe}$ 함량을 보인다. 반면에, $X_{Mg}$와 $X_{Ca}$ 함량은 상대적으로 약간 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 반상변정질 화강암질 편마암의 ZoneI에서 산출되는 석류석은 중심부에서는 성분변화를 보이지 않지만, 주변부에서는 누대구조를 보인다. 흑운모 ZoneI에서 ZoneII로 이동됨에 따라 색은 녹갈색에서 갈색, 적갈색으로 변화하는 양상을 보이며, 그에따라 Ti, Mg 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보인다. ZoneI에서 장정석은 올리고크레스에 해당하는 $Ab_{84}An_{16}$내지 $Ab_{70}An_{30}$ 의 화학조성을 보이며, ZoneII의 사장석은 안데신에 해당하는 $Ab_{70}An_{30}$ 내지 $Ab_{50}An_{50}$ 의화학조성을 나타낸다. 이와같은 변화양상을 연구지역이 규선석+K-장석대 또는 상부 앰피볼라이트상에서 해당되는 규선석+K-장정석대에 해당하는 고온-저혈압형 변성작용 이전에 고온-중압형의 변성작용을 경험했을 가능성을 제기해 주고 있다. 석류석- 흑운모, 근청석-석류석, 사장석-K-장석 지온계, GASP 지압계 및 ZoneI과 II의 광물군으로 측정된 연구지역의 암석에 대한 변성 작용의 온도.압력 조건은 분천 화강암질 편마암의 경우, 698~$729^{\circ}C$/6.3~11.3kbar (Zone I의 중압대)이고, 미그마타이트질 편마암의 경우, 621~$667^{\circ}C$/1.0~5.4kbar (Zone II)이며, 반상변정질 화강암질 편마암이 경우는 602~$624^{\circ}C$/1.9~3.4kbar (Zone I의 저압대) 이다. 이상의 증거로부터 추정된 연구 지역의 전체적인 온도.압력 경로는 "등온성 압력감소 (isothermal-decompression: ITD"를 보이며 시계방향(clockwise path)으로 이동된 것으로 생각된다. 압력감소 비율(dP/dT)은 약 60bar/$^{\circ}C$를 보인다.TEX>를 보인다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.634-640
• /
• 2011

The effect of cycling on the absorption and desorption characteristics of the 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm system was investigated. The material was made by Hydrogen Combustion Synthesis. The cycling experiment was performed at 298 K, 30 atm for 15 min. During the reaction time, the amount of absorption was fully desorbed. After the full activation, the hydrogen storage capacity was 1.57 wt% and the capacity was maintained until 50 cycles. And the reaction rate does not change with an increase in the number of cycles. This material has good durability and reversible feature.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.244-252
• /
• 2005

It is very interesting and important in the academic point of view and in practical use the hydrogen-induced phase separation(HIPS) which appears during hydrogen heat treatment. Since hydrogen can be removed very fast by pumping it out the hydrogen-induced new lattice phase which can not be obtained without hydrogen can be preserved as meta-stable state. In this study it has been investigated whether the HIPS appear in Pd-Al, Pd-Co, Pd-Cr, Pd-Ti, Pd-V and Pd-Zr alloys and discussed thermodynamic representation of the HIPS. The Pd alloys were arc-melted under argon atmosphere and remelted 4 or 5 times for homogenization. The alloys were annealed at 600$^{\circ}C$ under vacuum for 24 hrs and then subjected to pressure-composition isotherm measurements at 100$^{\circ}C$. The hydrogen heat treatment(HHT) of samples was carried out at 600$^{\circ}C$ under hydrogen pressure of 70 bar for 6 days and PC isotherms at 100$^{\circ}C$ were measured. By comparing the PC isotherms measured before and after HHT, occurrence of phase separation was determined. The experimental results showed that the HIPS appeared only in Pd-0.05Co alloy. For Pd-Co alloys with various composition the PC isotherms were measured. By adopting Park-Flanagan model for ternary thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy change for Pd-Co-H solid solution was calculated and subsequently with this the HIPS in Pd-Co alloy was explained fairly.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.380-385
• /
• 2011

$MgH_2$ was synthesized by hydriding chemical vapor deposition (HCVD). In this study, we examined the hydrogen storage property of $MgH_2$ synthesized by HCVD. The results of pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurement showed that the HCVDed $MgH_2$ reversibly absorbed hydrogen as much as 6 wt%. Each hydrogenation rate was very greater than the conventional alloy methods. The reason was that the particle size made by HCVD was small as approximately 1 ${\mu}m$. The PCT of $MgH_2$ made by HCVD methode was similar to a commercial $MgH_2$. The ${\Delta}H$ and ${\Delta}S$ value are respectively -76.8 $kJ/mol{\cdot}H_2$ and -137.4 $kJ/mol{\cdot}H_2$. Mg made by HCVD methode was activated easily than commercial Mg. Also the initial reaction rate was faster than that of commercial $MgH_2$. 70% of the total storage were stored during 400s.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2006

There are two types of metal hydride electrodes as a negative electrode in a Ni-MH battery, $AB_2$ Zr-based Laves phases and $AB_5$ LM(La-rich mischmetal)-based alloys. The $AB_5$ alloy electrodes have characteristic properties such as a large discharge capacity per volume, easiness in activation, long cycle life and a low cost of alloy. However they have a relatively small discharge capacity per weight. The $AB_2$alloy electrodes have a much higher discharge capacity per weight than $AB_5$ alloy electrodes, however they have some disadvantages of poor activation behavior and cycle life. Therefore, in order to improve the discharge capacity of the $AB_5$ alloy electrode the Zr, Ti and V which are the alloying elements of the $AB_2$ alloys were added to the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}$ alloy which was chosen as a $AB_5$ alloy with a high capacity. The addition of Zr, Ti and V to $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}$ alloy improved the activation to be completed in two cycles. The discharge capacities of Zr 0.02, Ti 0.02 and V 0.1 alloys in $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) were respectively 346, 348 and 366 mAh/g alloy. The alloy electrodes, Zr 0.02, Ti 0.05 and V 0.1 in $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V), have shown good cycle property after 200 cycles. The rate capability of the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) alloy electrodes were very good until 0.6 C rate and the alloys, Zr 0.02, Ti 0.05 and V 0.1, have shown the best result as 92 % at 2.4 C rate. The charge retention property of the $LaNi_{3.6}Ai_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}M_y$ (M = Zr, Ti, V) alloys was not good and the alloys with M content from 0.02 to 0.05 showed better charge retention properties.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 2005

The characteristics of hydrogen storage have been investigated in the Ti-Cr-Mo and Ti-Cr-V ternary alloys with bcc structure. The alloys were melted by arc furnace and remelted 4-5 times for homogeneity. The lattice parameters, microstructures and phases of the alloys were examined by SEM, EDX and XRD, and the Pressure-Composition isotherms of the alloys were measured. From these data the relationship of the maximum and effective hydrogen storage capacities vs. chemical composition, lattice parameter and the radius of tetrahedral site were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that all of these alloy, in the range of the this study, had mainly bcc solid solutions with small amount of Ti segregation due to a lower melting point of Ti compared with other elements. Lattice parameters of the alloys were very near to the atomic average values of lattice parameters of the constituent elements. It was also found that maximum hydrogen storage capacities of the Ti-Cr-Mo alloys increased with increasing Ti content and the radius of tetrahedral site but the effective hydrogen storage capacities decreased after showing the maximum. The hydrogen storage capacities of the Ti-Cr-V alloys were almost same even though the V contens were quite different from alloy to alloy and this could be attributed to the almost same Ti/Cr ratio of the alloys. The maximum effective hydrogen storage capacity of the Ti-Cr-Mo alloys was revealed at Ti content of about 40${\sim}$50 at% and radius of tetrahedral site of 0.43${\sim}$0.45 nm. The Ti-Cr-V alloys showed the hydrogen storage capacities of 3.0 wt% and effective hydrogen storage capacities of 1.5 wt%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.611-619
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 흡열연료의 종류와 촉매의 성형 방법에 따른 연료의 분해특성 및 코크 생성에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험에 사용된 연료는 methylcyclohexane (MCH), n-dodecane 그리고 exo-tetrahydrodipentadiene (exo-THDCP)이며, 백금을 담지한 USY720에 압력만을 가하여 제조한 disk 형태, binder와 silica solution을 혼합하여 제조한 pellet 형태의 제올라이트를 촉매로 사용하였다. 성형 방법에 따른 촉매의 특성은 X-ray 회절분석법(XRD), 주사전자현미경(SEM), 질소흡탈착등온선 그리고 암모니아 승온탈착분석법을 통해 분석하였으며, 연료가 초임계 상태로 존재할 수 있는 고온고압의 조건($500^{\circ}C$, 50 bar)에서 반응을 진행시킨 후에 생성된 혼합물은 가스 크로마토그래프 질량분석계(GC-MS), 촉매에 생성된 코크는 열중량분석기를 사용하여 분석하였다. 이와 같은 분석을 수행한 결과, 반응 후 생성물의 조성은 연료를 구성하는 화합물의 구조에 따라 크게 차이를 보였다. 또한, 촉매의 성형 방법에 따른 결정성이나 표면 특성의 변화는 미미하였으나, 비교적 큰 변화를 보인 산점과 기공 특성이 생성물과 코크 생성량 및 조성의 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제6권7호
• /
• pp.742-751
• /
• 1996

Ti-48AI(at.%) 모재위에 RF magnetron sputtering을 이용하여 AI-21Ti-23Cr(at.%) 조성의 박막을 코팅하였다. RF power 200W, 증착압력 0.8Pa, 증착온도 573k에서 증착된 시편의 가장 우수한 고온재산화성을 나타내었다. 573K에서 증착된 AI-21Ti-23Cr 코팅층은 증착시에는 비정질을 형성하나 산화시험동안 결정화가 진행되며, 표면에는 치밀한 ${Al}_{2}{O}_{3}$층이 형성되었다. 573K에서 코팅된 시편에 대하여 1073K, 1173K 및 1273K에서 100시간동안 등온산화시험을 실시하였다. 무게증량곡선은 모든 온도에서 parabolic law를 따르는 안정된 산화거동을 보였으며 이와같은 산화특성은 표면에 치밀한 ${Al}_{2}{O}_{3}$층이 형성되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 1273K에서 산화시험 후 코팅층의 기지는 고온산화에 따른 AI원자의 소모와 모재로부터의 Ti원자의 확산에 의해 TiAICr상을 형성하였으며, 무게증량은 낮은 온도에 비해 다소 크게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.