• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory effec representations of bilinguals. Hierarchical model of bilingual information processing word naming and translation tasks in the context of semantically categorized or rar Experiments 1 and 2, bilinguals first viewed stimulus words and performed naming or tr then implicit and explicit memory tasks. In experiment I, word recognition times(exp were significantly faster for semantic category condition than random category condi naming task and lexical decision taskOmplicit memory task)showed no difference in e experiment 2, naming task and exlicit memory task showed categorization effect but fOWE a and implcit memory task showed no categorization effect. These findings support the which posits that memory representations of bilinguals are composed of two independer a and one common conceptual store.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender-stereotype using primed naming task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce person's names which differed in typicality and preference of gender's attributes. The results showed that gender congruent effects was not found, but typicality effects and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce gender's attributes which differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that woman's attributes superiority effects were found, but typicality effects were not. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender stereotype and asymmetrical processing of gender stereotype to priming conditions in the implicit level.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to explore the implicit structure of gender-stereotype which is one of the social categories. Social categories were considered to have the more evaluative properties and unclear hierarchical representations compared to the objects or the action categories. In this series of experiments. we want to examine the generalizability of the congruent effect into gender-stereotype using a priming paradigm and introducing the various SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony. SOA 250ms to 1000ms). The results of Experiment 1 and 3 (SOA 250-500ms) showed that the priming effects of female-female condition was larger than the other conditions. However. Experiment 2 (SOA 1000ms) showed that the priming effects among the conditions disappeared. We found the female-congruent effects only in a short SOA. These results suggest the possibility that the gender-stereotype in the automatic and implicit processing level can be represented b by the cross-categorical structure in some cultural area.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.497-525
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• 2017

This study verified whether university students of Gwangju and Jeollanam-do recall negative information like violence and death faster than positive information like democratic community about the May 18 Gwangju democratic movement in implicit dimension. University students of Gwangju responded faster when the May 18 combined with the pictures of negative content. However, university students of Jeollanam-do responded marginally faster when the May 18 combined with the pictures of positive content. In addition, the students performed implicit evaluation test towards the May 18. The students of Gwangju showed a slightly negative attitude towards the May 18, while the students of Jeollanam-do showed a positive attitude towards the May 18. This study acquires significance because it confirmed that university students of Gwangju have an implicit representation similar to trauma and a terrible feeling about the May 18.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

이 연구에서는 단어를 지각하게 되면 그 단어에 대한 의미가 자동적으로 활성화되고 그림표상까지도 활성화되지만, 그림을 지각하고 난 후에는 의미표상체계는 활성화되지만 단어의 지각적 표상체계는 활성화되지 않는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 실험 1과 2에서는 지연시간을 달리하여 그림을 지각적으로 처리를 하게 한 후 단어에 대한 점화효과를 보았으며, 실험 3 에서는 그림을 개념주도적 처리를 하게 한 후 단어에 대한 점화효과 및 암묵적 기억과 재인기억을 비교해 보았다. 실험결과 지각적 판단과제에서는 조건간의 아무런 차이가 없었지만, 의미적 판단과제에서는 동일조건과 그림조건에서의 반응시간이 통제조건을 포함한 기타 조건들에서보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 의미적 표상체계로부터 단어의 지각적 표상체계까지의 상호작용 통로가 존재하지 않으며, 그림자극이 단어자극의 점화효과에 영향을 주는 이유는 동일한 의미적 표상체계의 활성화가 단어자극의 지각적 표상체계까지 확산되기 때문이 아니라, 그림자극에 대한 의미적 표상체계가 활성화되기 때문이라는 점을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The present study examined the role of spatial attention in implicit memory for words when the word identity processing was not required. Spatial attention to the identity-irrelevant perceptual features of the words was manipulated by using a visual search task (Experiment 1) or a focused attention task (Experiment 2). In two e experiments. a significant priming effect was not found for the target words as well as for the distractor words. Implicit memory for words was not affected by spatial attention on the perceptual properties of the words. indicating that the word identity processing is required to produce priming.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-134
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• 1996

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory for words with processing theory.From experiment 1 to experiment 3,in a study phase,subjects first viewed stimulus words and were required to rate likeness of words of semantic processing task and to count lines of words of perceptual processing task.In a test phase,subjects were tested by implicit word completion task and explicit cued recall task.In experiment 1,levels of processing (LOP)effects were examined.Lop effects were obtained on the explicit memory tasks but not on the implicit memory tasks.In experiment 2,repertition of perceptual processing task influenced onlu implicit memory task.In experiment 3,bepertiotion of semantic processing task affected both implicit memory task and explicit memory task.These findings suggest that repetition effect of stimulus words are explanied better in dual process theory than transfer-appropriate processing theory.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-43
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• 2006

This study was conducted to explore college students' implicit identification with others powerful or powerless, and implicit association of self-enhancement & authenticity with their relationships with others powerful or powerless. The study was based on measuring 3 sorts of IAT: an explicit identification test, RWA, & RISC. The results were summed up as follows: Students identified their selves with others more powerful than others powerless; expressed self-enhancement when they were with powerful others; and associated 'true' with relationship with others powerful. Men with high RWA & women with low RWA identified their selves more with others powerful; low RWA & high RISC groups' associated relationship with others powerful to 'true' and others powerless to 'false' more rapidly. These results were discussed in terms of structure of authoritarianism, SEM, relationship with others powerful and powerless.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine whether conceptual representational system was implicitly accessed while processing semantically similar but perceptually dissimilar pictures either conceptually or perceptually, The results indicated that the priming effects for the semantically similar picture pairs were found in conceptually driven processing but the effect was not found in data-driven processing. In addition. the semantic priming effect was found with 24 hour delay between the stimuli, The comparison of the recognition ratio and priming effects indicated that the priming effect was largely affected by semantically similar pictures. but recognition was relatively u unaffected, The results suggest that both Perceptual Representational System (PRS) and Conceptual Representational System (CRS) be involved during conceptually driven processing, but both PRS and CRS function independently during explicit recognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.61-80
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• 1996

Recent studies on emotion as memory,and effects of emotion on memory were reviewied. The main issues discussed were : memory of emotional events,relation between implicit memory and emotion, and the effect of emotion on autobigraphical memory. The theoretical possibility and implications that emotion is not stored as some lower level node information in semantic network but as some higher level and inclusive information were descussed.