• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.613-616
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• 2008

Many researches on alkali-activated concrete that does not need the presence of cement as a binder have been carried out recently. Instead, the source of material such as fly ash and blast slag, that are rich in Silicon(Si) and Aluminium(Al), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence concrete with no cement is effect reduction of CO$_2$ gas. In this study, we investigated the influence of the workability and compressive strength of mortar on water reducing agent, alkaline activator and curing method in oder to develop cementless blast slag based alkali-activated mortar. In view of the results, we found out that the flowability of mortar was lowered as increasing to mole concentration of NaOH, but not large the loss of flowability to 9M NaOH, most of water reducing agent was not effect. The compressive strength was improved as increasing to mole concentration of NaOH, was the most effect in 9M NaOH. The curing temperature and curing conditions on compressive strength of blast slag based alkali-activated mortar didn't influence.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 1985

The alkali refined rice bran oil (ARBO) and the esterified rice bran oil (ERBO) with glycerol were compared for their thermal stabilities at $150^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$, respectively. The acid value gradually increased in ARBO during heating period but increased slowly in ERBO-2 and declined gradually in ERBO-1. The peroxide value was somewhat fluctuated during heating period, and the maximum peroxide value in all samples was 13.3 meq/kg. TBA value was sharply increased for the first 10 hr. heating and slowed down thereafter for all samples but ERBO were intensely colored after the heat treatment. The TG ratio of the oils after 90 hr. heating was not different at $150^{\circ}C$ but ERBO was 2-7% higher ratio of TG than ARBO at $180^{\circ}C$. The oxidative stability of ARBO was twice higher than ERBO according to the result of active oxygen test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2001

탈묵 펄프는 자원재활용을 통한 환경 보존과 원가절감이 가능한 유용한 제지원료로 주로 신문용지와 화장지의 제조에 사용되고 있다. 국내에서는 신문고지의 상당 부분을 수입 에 의존하고 있으나 외국에서도 자국의 자원 및 환경보호를 위해서 재활용율을 증대시키기 위한 노력을 경주하고 있기 때문에 수입고지의 품질이 저하되고 있으며, 이는 다시 국내 신 문용지의 품질 악화로 이어지고 있다. 또한 환경문제가 세계적인 관심사로 부각됨에 따라 환경친화적인 탈묵 방법으로의 전환이 요구되고 있는 상황이다. 국내로 수입되는 신문고지 에는 오프셋 인쇄물 뿐만 아니라 플렉소 인쇄물이 포함되어 있다. 일반적으로 신문인쇄에 널리 쓰이는 오프셋 잉크는 기존의 알칼리 해리와 부유부상법에 의해 제거가 비교적 용이한 특정이 있으나, 플렉소 잉크는 친수성 안료로 구성되어 있어 알칼리 조건에서 탈묵할 경우 에 잉크 업자의 크기가 매우 작아져서 부상 탈묵에 의한 백색도 증가 효과가 크게 저하되는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 플렉소 인쇄물의 탈묵 개선을 위해 세척법이 효과적인 것으로 알려 져 있으나 국내에서는 설비 및 공정 상황으로 비추어 볼 때 불가능하다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 플렉소 고지가 함유된 신문고지의 탈묵 효율을 향상시키고 환경친화적 탈묵 기술을 접목시키기 위한 일환으로 중성 탈묵기술의 적용 가능성 및 이에 효과적인 탈묵제를 탐색하고자 하였다.이를 위해 본 실험에서는 일반적인 비이온성 계면활성제를 이용하여 알칼리 조건과 중성조건에서 탈묵을 실시하여 탈묵 효율을 비교하였다. 또, 플렉소 고지를 이용할 때 심각 한 문제점의 하나인 백수의 오염 정도를 탁도 COD 등으로 평가하였다. 그 결과 중성조건 과 알칼리 조건에서 수율은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 백색도는 중성 조건에서 탈묵한 경우에 약 1 1% 높았다. 백수의 탁도와 COD는 중성 탈묵을 실시할 경우가 알칼리 탈묵시보다 약 50% 감소하여 플렉소 고지의 탈묵에 비교적 효과적인 것으로 나타났으나, 플렉소 고지의 문제를 완전히 해결할 수는 없었다. 그래서 플렉소 고지의 중성 탈묵에 적합한 새로운 탈묵기술을 탐색하기 위하여 알킬 아민을 첨가하여 탈묵성을 조사하였다. 알킬 아민을 적용한 결과, 탈 묵 펄프의 백색도는 알칼리 탈묵에 비해 약 6% 증가하였으며, 백수의 탁도와 COD는 알칼 리 탈묵할 때 플렉소 고지를 첨가하기 전보다 낮아졌다. 탈묵 수율은 알킬 아민을 적용한 경우 최고 10% 정도 낮아지는 문제가 발생하였다. 그러나 부상탈묵에 의한 회분 제거율은 알칼리 탈묵에 비해 2배 이상 증가하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며 탈묵 펄프의 여수도가 7 70% 이상 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 1991

Rheological properties of Shinsunchalbyeo(Japonica) and $Hangangchalbyeo(J{\times}Indica)$ waxy-rice starches gelatinized with thermal or alkali solutions were investigated with rotational viscometer(Brabender Viscotron). The two starches showed Bingham pseudoplastics behavior in $4{\sim}8%$ thermal or alkali gelatinized starch solutions. The shear stress of Hangangchalbyeo starch solution gelatinized with thermal or alkali showed higher values than that of Shinsunchalbyeo starch and the difference of the two varieties gelatinized with alkali showed higher values than that gelatinized with thermal. Consistency index and yield stress values of Hangangchalbyeo starch showed higher than that of Shinsunchalbyeo starch in the two gelatinized methods and the difference of the two varieties gelatinized with alkali showed higher values. And it was higher that the deffendence of consistency index on starch concentration and initial starch concentration of yield stress in the alkali gelatinized samples than those of in the thermal gelatinized ones.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.407-413
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• 2003

The geology of the Apdong Nb-Ta deposit, is hosted by alkali metasomatites, consist of Upper Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, alkali syenites(Hoamsan intrusive) of Phyonggang Complex(late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic), Jurassic granite and Quaternary basalt. Alkali syenites are distinguished as alkali amphibole-pyroxene syenite, alkali amphibole-biotite syenite, biotite-nepheline syenite, biotite syenite, and quartz-alkali amphibole-pyroxene syenite. Alkali metasomatites are the products of intense post-magnatic metasomatism, and form the Nb-Ta ore bodies as the belt, irregular vein and lenticular types in the southern part of Hoamsan intrusive. The ore mineralization is characterized by the occurrence of pyrochlore, zircon, and small amounts of columbite, fergusonite. magnetite, fluorite, molybdenite, ilmenite, titanite, apatite, and monazite. Pyrochlore is one of the niobium/tantalum oxides and contains substantial amounts of rare earths and radioactive elements. The compositional varieties of pyrochlore can be defined: (1) enriched in tantalum, uranium and cerium, (2) substantially tantalum- and fluorine-poor, and (3) enriched in thorium or barium. The geochemical characteristics, ore textures and mineral occurrences indicate that alkali metasomatism of the mineralizing fluid was the dominant ore-forming process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the effect of alkali treatment for long kenaf fiber to improve fiber surface characterics by removal of wax, lignin and hemicellulose which affect adversely for matrix union. SEM observation was also studied to check out the interface adhesion improvement by the alkali pre-treatment. From the result, interface coherence increased by 3% alkali pre-treatment and reached a maximum by 5% alkali pre-treatment. However, the 3% the bio-composites treated with 3% alkali was highest tensile and flexural strength than other.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 2000

A study on the recovery of gallium from zinc residues is carried out by alkali leaching using NaOH. The results show that in case of alkali leaching of zinc residues, Zn, K and Si are mainly leached out and Fe and other base metals are scarcely leached out, which results in that gallium is easily recovered by solvent extraction. The leaching efficiency of gallium increases with increasing alkali concentration and solid density. Especially, alkali consumption is considerably reduced by washing the zinc residues with water before leaching in order to eleminate the soluble zinc compounds. The gallium from zinc residues is found to be leached out with a recovery of 80% or higher for 2hrs leaching with 1~1.25 M/L NaOH solution and solid density 333 g/L at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Recently, numerous studies are being performed to examine alkali-activated cement which uses industrial by-products, such as GGBS and fly ash, as well as alkali activators. Alkali-activated cement is a type of binder that exerts the same strength as cement without using cement by mixing industrial by-products with alkali activators. Alkali activators, which are used mainly for carbon-reducing technologies and alkali activation, are expensive and difficult to apply in the field due to risks related to strong alkalinity. Therefore, this study intends to explore methods to use red mud as a substitute for an alkali activator. To that end, this study has evaluated engineering properties, such as flow and strength, of CLSM that uses red mud and paper sludge ash as binders and its possibility to cause soil pollution. This study also aims to present the appropriate mixing ratios of red mud and paper sludge ash to produce CLSM.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2015

For the enhanced oil recovery, one of the most important factors is to determine the surfactant formulation in chemical flood. The objective of this study is to analyze the microemulsion formed between the alkali-surfactant (AS) solution and A crude oil for screening surfactants. The alkali-surfactant solution was manufactured by using the surfactant purchased from AK ChemTech. $C_{16}-PO_7-SO_4$ and sodium carbonate solution were used as surfactant and alkaline, respectively. Both TEGBE and IBA were used as a co-solvent. The AS solution and A crude oil can form a Type III middle phase microemulsion at the salinity from 0.0 wt%~3.6 wt%. Increasing the salinity causes the phase transition of microemulsion from the lower (Type I) to middle (Type III) to upper (Type II) phase. Interfacial tension (IFT) values calculated by Huh's equation were in good agreement with ultralow IFT. According to this characteristic, the surfactant purchased from a domestic company can be applied to the enhanced oil recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

In this study, a blast furnace slag having latent hydraulic property with an alkaline activator for resource recycling was used to solidify sand without using cement. Existing chemical alkaline activators such as $Ca(OH)_2$ and NaOH were used for cementing soils. An alkaliphilic microorganism, which is active at higher than pH 10, is tested for a new alkaline activator. The alkaliphilic microorganism was added into sand with a blast furnace slag and a chemical alkaline activator. This is called the microorganism alkaline activator. Four different ratios of blast furnace slag (4, 8, 12, 16%) and two different chemical alkaline activators ($Ca(OH)_2$ and NaOH) were used for preparing cemented specimens with or without the alkaliphilic microorganism. The specimens were air-cured for 7 days and then tested for the experiment of unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Experimental results showed that as a blast furnace slag increased, the water content and dry density increased. The UCS of a specimen increased from 178 kPa to 2,435 kPa. The UCS of a specimen mixed with $Ca(OH)_2$ was 5-54% greater than that with NaOH. When the microorganism was added into the specimen, the UCS of a specimen with $Ca(OH)_2$ decreased by 11-60% but one with NaOH increased by 19-121%. The C-S-H hydrates were found in the cemented specimens, and their amounts increased as the amount of blast furnace slag increased through SEM analysis.