• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

The study researched germination of the plants and growth of experimented bacteria according to concentration of water extract in order to provide basic data for developing natural agricultural resources by using naturalized plants including Solidago altissima, Amaranthus retroflexus and Sida spinosa. As concentration of water extract increased, most of test plants showed a decrease in relative germinability. Sida spinosa(r=-0.540, p<0.01), Physalis wrightii(r=-0.693, p<0.01), Amaranthus retroflexu(r=-0.724, p<0.01), Solidago altissima(r=-0.728, p<0.01) and Eclipta prostrata(r=-0.779, p<0.01) showed tendency of decrease in relative germinative power in order, respectively. For average germination period, as concentration of the processed group increased, the time for germination increased (r = 0.769, p<0.01) and according to donor plants and test plants, there was a little difference. Also, as concentration of water extract of donor plant, length of above-aerial part(r=-0.587, p<0.01), length of underground part(r=-0.741, p<0.01), fresh weight(r=-0.574, p<0.01) and generation of root hair decreased. An then, for growth of test fungi according to concentration of water extract of donor plants, growths of Botrytis cinerea(r=-0.266, p<0.05), Diaporthe citri(r=-0.323 p<0.01), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(r=-0.512, p<0.01), Pythiumultimum(r=-0.581, p<0.01) and Rhizoctonia solani(r=-0.806, p<0.01) were repressed in order, respectively. For total amount of content of phenol with herbicidal and Antifungal activities, S. altissima $17.3{\pm}0.5mg/g$, A. retroflexus $13.1{\pm}0.3mg/g$, P. wrightii $12.0{\pm}0.4mg/g$, S. spinosa $9.5{\pm}0.1mg/g$ and E. prostrata L. $4.1{\pm}0.1mg/g$ showed in order, respectively. As these results are summarized, donor plants which were naturalized, have competitive advantage because they release phenolic compounds with allelopathic effect and affect on germination, growth and fungi growth on underground flora compared to native plants and they have eligibility for natural herbicide and germicide.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-266
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• 2019

Films of the 1960s in both Korea and Egypt share many common characteristics. These include the main trend of such films' in addition to some of the political situations. This trend mainly relates to the adaptation of novels into films. In the late 1940s, Andre Bazin wrote his ideas about a similar phenomenon in Europe and the United States. Based on Bazin's thoughts and other examples for films adapted from novels in the 1940-60s, I found that the trend in both Korea and Egypt can be explained as an international phenomenon, in which film developed to a further stage due to a dialectic between content and form after the increase in the development of film techniques. The trend in Korea is believed to have led to the so-called golden era of Korean movies, while in Egypt films adapted from literature were not able to earn high profits, even though in a 1996 list of the best 100 Egyptian films, 23 had been adapted from novels. To explain the reasons behind this phenomenon, I looked into the internal demand from filmmakers themselves to further develop the industry through the articles written at that time. In addition, I explored the different situations and policies that influenced film production in both countries in the 1960s. I found that political situations and policies could have helped in the continuity of such trend, but it is difficult to consider these as the main reason for its creation, in contrast to the internal demand, which I believe is the main reason for the creation of such direction.