• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2012

The projection on the demand for seafarers is seen to continue to rise in consonance with the world's fleet increasing tonnage. It is also expected that recurring officer shortages is paramount when global markets bounce off from the economic downturn it experienced for the last few years. In BIMCO/ISF(The Baltic and International Maritime Conference/International Shipping Federation) report for 2010, a continuous effort to produce competent seafarers should be adapted and as much as possible, reduce the wastage in the industry to address the looming scenario. The Republic of Korea, an OECD member, is a powerhouse in shipbuilding industry and has also had continued to show also an expanding trend in its fleet. On the other hand, the Philippines is still acknowledged as the main source of manpower for ocean-trading vessels. In this paper, a statistical comparison of maritime graduates' career path between the two countries is presented. In conclusion, it is suggested that a mutual co-operation between the Republic of Korea and the Philippines can be established with focusing on international maritime education and training collaboration.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

The sludge oils were produced necessarily in the ships operation, so that it will be the best way to manage the sludge oils inside ship itself from a viewpoint of the prevention of marine oil pollution from ship. The ultrasonic breaking systems which recycle the sludge oil from ship into usable oil to be brunt is recognized as a most possible recycling device. In this regards, the purpose of this study is to examine erosion damage on the SS400 specimen by cavitation and the effect of impact pressure generated from the demolition of the cavity of ultrasonic vibration in the marine sludge oil environment .. The erosion damage of specimen was investigated mainly on weight loss, weight loss rate and maximum erosion rate with variation of the oil temperature as well as the change of space between transducer horn and specimen. The experimental results showed that as the space between ultrasonic vibrator horn and specimen disk increased, the weight loss and weight loss rate decreased and the values were larger in SFO than in SLO. The experimental results can be useful to the development of sludge oil disposing systems and to consider a countermeasure for the prevention of erosion damages by cavitation.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.175-179
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• 2006

With the rapid development of oil and chemical industry in the late 20C, massive transportation of oil by oil tanker vessel has grown and it caused the big oil pollution accidents. When oil spill from the oil tanker, damages reach into the astronomical figures in economically and damages affect wide area and many people with break the balance of ecosystem. Recently in Korea, the oil pollution accidents has occurred frequently as growing of oil consumption and it caused large-scale damages to the victim. Oil pollution in Korean offshore takes not only korean fishermen from their life ground and break the ecosystem but it takes too much time and money to recover. To minimize oil pollution damages, it is necessary to make pre-caution effort as a ship owner and relevant government bodies should endeavor to prevent from more damages. But once oil pollution accidents occurs in territorial sea, compensation for victim fishermen is very important. But it is true that compensation is not paid to victim smoothly. So this study aims at the problems of oil pollution compensation to the Korean victim and find the best way to get reasonable compensation.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

Though stringent guidelines are in place to protect the harbor environment, pollution from ships, from the ports terminals. Discharge from the ballast tanks of ships, though illegal, does occur. Such vessels, arriving from distant ports of call, can introduce exotic species of plants and animals, causing disruption of the local food web. Discharges rich in nitrogen can generate the rapid growth of plankton, eventually leading to a condition known as red tide that is lethal to some coastal organisms. In addition to the harbor's negative effects on marine organisms, the diesel engines of the ships and the trucks that haul cargo to and from the ports release large volumes of diesel exhaust into the atmosphere. IMO(International Maritime Organization) is strongly proceeding with adoption of a new maritime environment convention and coming into effect for regulation enhancement about the pollutants which are happened in a ship recently. Study about the conventions that our country currently comes into effect, and there is during forwarding and correspondence must be performed effectively. In this paper, International convention on the control of harmful Anti-Fouling system on ship, Ballast water management, Prevention of air pollution from ships, treat a main pending problem in ocean related environmental regulation convention.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1998

In order to monitor the degree of heavy metal distribution in upland cultivations in Korea, both the cultivated soils and crops were collected from the 854 and 140 sites, respectively. The contents of cadmium (Cd), copper(Cu), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) in each sample were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) technique after 1N-HCl extraction. The content of Arsenic(As) was also measured with the same technique after 1N-HCl extraction. The average contents of heavy metal in surface soils(0~15 cm depth) were $0.135mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd, $2.77mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $3.47mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, $10.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, and $0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$ for As. Heavy metal contents of soil were similar to those values measured for upland soils in 1989, lower than soils under plastic film house in 1996. However, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values for soil contamination"(Cd: 4, Cu: 125, Pb: 300, and As: $15mg\;kg^{-1}$ in soil) describled in Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea(1996). The contents of heavy metal in fresh vegetable, and root and tuber crops ranged $0.005{\sim}0.019mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd, $0.20{\sim}1.03mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $0.042{\sim}0.104mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, and $2.0{\sim}4.0mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

In general, the criminal responsibility of seaman should always be directly assumed by the seamen, according to the principle of self-incrimination. Therefore, the only possible countermeasures for the criminal responsibility of seamen may be to reduce the responsibility by using criminal procedures (ex. the warrant substance examination system, the review system of legality for confinement as much as possible. Another possibility is to reduce the penalty through the revision of the law. In detail, concerning the problem of fine, the maximum fine for oil spill accidents by criminal negligence is KRW 30,000,000 under the current Ocean Pollution Prevention Act, and when an oil spill occurs, the maximum fine tends to be levied regardless of the amount of the spilled oil; thus, it is judged that grading the fine according to the amount of spilled oil may be worth considering. Regarding P & I's payment of fine, contrary to general belief, it is only possible to make up the loss when P & I takes up the legal responsibility or acknowledges its payment. In order to solve the problem, it is possible to consider the option of introducing new collective insurance program or mutual aid system. Also, as seamen are not specialists in legal issues, the ship owners' association or the marine afficers' association need to develop some program through which they can receive systematic assistance from legal specialists including lawyers when they encounter any legal problems (ex. free legal aid programs for farmers and fishermen). Finally, it may be possible to establish enact new laws or revise the existing Act on Special cases Concerning the Settlement of Traffic Accidents to insert a new section on marine accidents.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.2 s.52
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• pp.289-297
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• 2007

Slope failure that is occurred by rainfall generates a lot of property damages and loss of lives. Slope stability management and reinforcement countermeasure can be attained through continuous monitoring about various slope types that adjoin in human's life for reducing slope failure from natural and artificial cut slope hazards. The study area is rock slope that is consisted of gneiss, and large scale joint set is ranging by fault activity. This rock mass is exposed during long period and has lithological weathering property of weathered rock or soft rock. In-situ investigation carried out after divide by natural slope and cut slope. As a result, the natural slope appeared to high possibility of planar failure and wedge failure in few joint points that main joint set is formed. On the other hand, slope failure conformation in cut slope was superior only wedge failure occurrence possibility in eight joint points. In result of numerical analysis using SLIDE 2D, the minimum safety factor was analyzed slope stability for cut slope relatively low than natural slope in this study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

In order to monitor the content of heavy metals of soil and vegetable in the plastic film house, five hundred and twenty two soil, and 147 vegetable samples grown under plastic film house were collected for the analysis of heavy metals. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in surface soil were 0.208, 3.69, 2.49, 23.3 and 0.65mg/kg, respectively. Cu and Zn contents of the soil were higher than those values measured for upland soils in 1989, however, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values" (Cd:4, Cu:125, Pb:300, and As:15mg/kg in soil) for soil contamination indicators described in Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea(1996). The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn increased with increasing years of cultivation. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils received pig manure compost were higher than those received the poultry or barn yard manure compost. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in fresh vegetable plants ranged from 0.015 to 0.047, 0.341 to 0.802, 0.080 to 0.356, 1.08 to 8.04 and 0.021 to 0.059mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.778-784
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose wired and wireless distributed control systems designed to improve the freight logistics efficiency and verify wired distributed control systems. The verification condition required that 50 cargo vehicles be connected and operated to travel 21 km from Busan Sinhang station to Jinlye Station at an average speed of about 100km/h. The verification results show that the traction output and braking output of the control and controlled cars are dispersed by the wired distributed control system. The application is expected to more than double the efficiency of the logistics compared to the existing freight transportation system. However, in the case of the wired distributed control system, cable installation and maintenance are difficult, and it is impossible to change the combination of freight vehicles. Through the verification of the wired distributed control system, the applicability of distributed control systems to freight vehicles in Korea was confirmed and the system was further developed to produce a wireless distributed control system. In order to apply the wireless distributed control system, a propagation environment analysis for the ISM band was performed in the testbed and, as a result, it was confirmed that Wifi technology using the ISM band could be utilized. In order to use the WDP (Wireless Distributed Power) devices newly installed in the target vehicles, the transmission / reception control signals associated with the propulsion / braking / total control devices are defined. In the case of wireless distributed control systems, the convenience of their application and operation is guaranteed, but reliability and emergency safety measures should because of the dependence of the control of the vehicle on radio signals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2020

Safety accidents have been reported due to falling accumulated snow from cables of cable-supported bridges. In addition to the direct damage caused by falling snow, secondary damage, such as traffic accidents, can occur. Various methods have been proposed to prevent these accidents, but there are still problems in safety and practicality. In this study, a cable robot type was selected as one of the active methods for removing accumulated snow on cables. An attempt was made to increase the climbing ability of the robot to improve the efficiency of snow removal. In addition, the available range of cable diameter for the robot can be adjusted flexibly to be applied to cables used in the field. A high-resolution camera was also installed to check the surface condition of the cable in real time to increase the utility, and be used as a cable inspection robot. A three-axis accelerometer and a tension conversion algorithm were added to measure the tension force of cables. To verify the performance, indoor and field experiments were conducted, and future improvements for the inspection robot were proposed.