• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.619-622
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• 2003

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTS) are rare, but potentially aggressive tumors. GISTS are generally found in the stomach or small intestine and less commonly in the colon, rectum, or an intra-abdominal sites but have rarely been documented in the esophagus. GISTS were definded as the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract for which there is incomplete understanding of their lineage, while their relationship with differenciated. We reported a very rare case of GISTS of lower esophagus in a 60-year-old woman with relevant literature review.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2005

Purpose: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a useful imaging procedure for the diagnosis of submucosal tumors in the stomach. The present study investigated the EUS features of benign and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and assessed differences between the two groups. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with a GIST in the stomach were included in the study (23 benign and 7 malignant GISTs). We compared characteristic EUS findings (tumor size, location of tumor, regularity of the outer margin, echoheterogeneity, presence of cystic spaces, echogenic foci and mucosal ulceration) between benign and malignant GISTs. Results: Tumor sizes over 40 mm were observed in $85.7\%$ of the malignant and $8.7\%$ of the benign tumors (P=0.000). Intralesional cystic spaces were noted in $71.4\%$ of the malignant and $8.7\%$ of the benign tumors (P=0.003). The outer margin was irregular in $71.4\%$ of the malignant and $8.7\%$ of the benign tumors (P=0.014). $85.7\%$ of the malignant and $13.0\%$ of the benign tumors had an echo-heterogeneity in the tumor (P=0.001). The locations of tumor and the presence of echogenic foci or mucosal ulcerations were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Tumor sizes over 40 mm, intralesional cystic spaces, irregular outer margins, and echo-heterogeneity in the tumor were significantly more frequent in malignant GISTs. EUS can provide informations in differentiating benign from malignant GISTs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.7 s.252
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• pp.514-517
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• 2005

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is documented on every part of the gastrointestinal tract. It develops in the stomach and the small intestine most commonly, and also in the esophagus. A 44 year-old male patient was admitted due to dysphagia and weight loss. Chest CT showed about $15\times11\times11cm$ sized, well-defined, and lobulated soft tissue mass with central necrosis was noted in the posterior wall of lower esophagus throughout the lesser curvature of upper stomach. We performed the distal esophagectomy and total gastrectomy using thoracoabdominal incision. The tumor was positive at CD117 (c-kit) and CD 34, and was diagnosed as malignant GIST of the distal esophagus and upper stomach. The patient is on routine follow up at the out patient department for nineteen months up to now.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.261-264
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• 2007

A gastric adenocarcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, but there are some geographical differences in its incidence. A gastrointestinal tumor is an uncommon disease with a wide spectrum of aggressive behavior. These two tumors have a distinct pathogenesis, and synchronous occurrence of an adenocarcinoma and a GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) in the stomach is very rare. We report a case of synchronous occurrence of a gastric adenocarcinoma and GIST in a 64-year-old man. We performed the following tests: barium swallowing test, gastroduodenoscopy, and CT scanning. We performed a total gastrectomy, and a 9 em-sized GIST at the fundus and a small early gastric cancer at the antrum were confirmed pathologically. Some explanations for this rare case exist, but in our opinion, the synchronous occurrence is a rare but probable event that can happen in an endemic area. We describe a case of synchronous occurrence of a gastric adenocarcinoma and GIST in the stomach, with a review of the literature.

• 대한위암학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.11 no.2 s.22
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• pp.40-43
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• 2005

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathlogical characteristics and the surgical methods for gastric submucosal tumors in Korea, the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association performed a nationwide survey. Materials and Methods: Data on 878 patients who underwent resection from 2005 to 2006 were collected from medical records obtained from 47 institutes. Diagnosis, demographics, symptoms, tumor factors (location, size, degree of malignancy) and operative factors (surgicalmethod and approach, mortality) were analyzed. Results: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were the most common cancers (n=586, 66.8%), followed by leiomyomas (n=97, 11.1%), schwannomas (n=70, 8.0%), ectopic pancreas (n=67, 7.8%) and carcinoids (n=16, 1.8%). The mean age of patients was 56.0 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1.18. Only 40.9% of the patients had symptoms at the time of diagnosis, such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia and bleeding. Gastric submucosal tumors were most frequently located in the upper third of the stomach and 55.4% of the GISTs (n=319) and 84.5% of the leiomyomas (n=84.5%) were located in the upper third of the stomach. Wedge resection (n=726, 82.8%) was the most common operative method, and laparoscopic surgery was performed in 388 patients (44.2%). Only one patient (0.1%) died within 30 days of surgery. A total of 115 patients withGISTs (21.1%, 115/544) had a high risk of malignancy and 41 patients (8.3%, 45/495) received adjuvant imatinib mesylate therapy. Conclusion: The survey showed that about two-thirds of the patients with a gastric submuscoal tumor (SMT) had a GIST, and about one-half of the patients underwent laparoscopic resection. These data presented in the nationwide survey could be used as a fundamental resource for gastric submucosal tumors in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2003

Stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, especially of the esophagus, are rare. We had a case of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) of the esophagus. A 46 years old woman was admitted for abnormal mass shadow in the chest radiograph. The mass was originated from the lower thoracic esophagus, and compressed the right lower pulmonary vein and the inferior vena cava. We removed the tumor externally without injuring of the esophageal mucosa via right posterolateral thoracotomy. The tumor was positive for CD 34 and CD 117, and diagnosed malignant CIST of the esophagus.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2005

Climatological characteristics in the variation of soil temperatures in Korea were investigated using Korea Meterological Administration's observation data. And the impacts of soil moisture on the variation of soil temperature were examined using observed precipitation data. The climatological averages of soil temperatures are ranged from 14.4 to $15.0^{\circ}C$ regardless of depths. And they showed an latitudinal gradient with a warm temperature at the southern region and 'U' shape as in the air temperature with a high value along the coastal region. The relatively higher heat capacity and low conductivity of soil compared to those of the air resulted in the significant delay of the maximum and minimum date with depth. As a results, soil acts as a heat source during winter while a heat sink during summer. Global warming and urban heat island have increased the soil temperatures with an average rate $0.3\~0.5^{\circ}C/10-year$ as in the air temperature during last 30 years $(1973\~2002)$. However, the warming rate is maximized during spring contrary to the winter in the air temperature. The temporal variation of soil temperatures is strongly affected by that of soil moisture through an modification of the heat capacity and heat convection. In general, the increased soil moisture clearly decreased the temporal variations and increased the deep layer soil temperatures during cold season.