• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.791-795
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• 2008

In order to establish the method to prepare and use the sulfur dioxide gas generating agent in low temperature storage of grape fruits, the $SO_2$ generation capacity from various sulfite compounds was investigated, and the method to regulate $SO_2$ gas generation and to detect the gas was developed. The conidial germination and mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea which causes gray mold disease during grape fruit storage was completely inhibited at the $SO_2$ gas concentration of 400 ppm and 3200 ppm, respectively. Sodium hydrosulfite generated the most amount of $SO_2$ gas among the investigated 5 different sulfite or bisulfite compounds. By adjusting the number of pinholes on packaging film of the compound or by adding pH adjusting agent, e.g. citric acid or phosphates, it was possible to regulate the amount and duration of $SO_2$ gas generation from the compound. Because malachite green was quantitatively discolored by $SO_2$ gas, the solution or impregnated paper with the compound could be practically utilized as a indicator detecting $SO_2$ gas. Finally, when Muscat Bailey A grape was stored at low temperature with $SO_2$ gas generating agent, the disease incidence was reduced after storage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 1993

Effect of sulfur dioxide gas on the growth and yield of soybean growing in the On-San Industrial Complex area was evaluated using the isoquant contour lines of the sulfur dioxide in air of the area. Average concentration of sulfur dioxide monitored in the Industrial Complex from July 17 to September 17 was 0.77mg / 100cm$^2$ PbO$_2$/day. Soil pH ranged from 4.2 to 6.5. Yield losses were estimated by 5～30% due to the effect of sulfur dioxide. Liming could relieve the yield reduction to some extent. The cumulative $SO_2$ concentration, as measured by PbO$_2$ method, for two months of active vegetative growth to early ripening stage has shown a good negative correlation with soybean yield. But, pod number and 100 grain weight did not show the correlation with the concentration of sulfur dioxide. These results suggest that sulfur dioxide affect chronically and cumulatively the growth of soybean plants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.353-354
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• 2003

대기 중에서 여러 과정을 통해 아황산가스 (SO$_2$)가 황산 (H$_2$SO$_4$)으로 산화된다. 황산은 증기압이 낮아 대기 중에서는 대부분 황산염 (SO$_4$$^{2-}$ ) 에어로졸로 존재한다. 황산염 에어로졸은 직간접적으로 지구복사평형에 관여하여 기후와 기상에 영향을 미친다. 이 연구의 목적은 수도권에서의 아황산가스가 황산염으로 전환되는 각각의 경로의 상대적 기여도를 예측해보고자 하였으며 아황산가스에 의해 황산염이 얼마나 형성되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2003

아황산가스(SO$_2$)는 일차 대기오염물질 중의 하나이며, 수용성인 무색의 자극성 가스로써 주 배출원은 황을 함유하고 있는 석탄과 석유가 연소되는 공정과 금속 제련공정, 기타 산업공정 등으로 볼 수 있다. 최근 선진국들은 배출 규제를 통하여 아황산가스 배출량을 감소시켜왔으나, 개발도상국의 아황산가스 배출은 매년 증가하여 전 세계적으로는 증가 추세에 있다 (Agrawal and Deepak, 2003).(중략)

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.267-289
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• 1995

석탄에 대한 아황산가스 규제가 발전산업에 미치는 제반 효과들을 측정하기 위해서는 생산요소의 왜곡된 분배로 인한 생산비용의 증가 또한 고려하여 암묵요소가격을 이용한 일반비용함수를 추정해야 한다. 아황산가스 규제를 포함한 여러 형태의 규제하에서 생산요소간의 한계기술대체율이 시장가격율과 일치하지 않음으로써 기업들의 생산비용최소화는 이루어지지 않기 때문이다. 1975년부터 1990년까지의 표본기간동안 아황산가스 규제로 인하여 미국 석탄발전소들의 생산비용이 평균적으로 6.1% 증가되었고 아황산가스를 추가적으로 1톤 저감하는데 드는 한계비용을 배출량몫 가중평균치로 측정하면 규제를 받은 기업들은 평균적으로 매년 539달러를 소비하였다. 생산요소인 자본과 노동 그리고 저유황석탄의 수요량은 평균적으로 5.8%, 5.2%, 그리고 29.6% 각각 증가된 반면 고유황석탄 수요량은 0.7% 감소되었으며 규제를 받은 기업들의 연 생산성은 평균적으로 1.52% 감소되었다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2020

The rapid economic growth has brought tremendous pressure on the environment and caused severe air pollution in China. This study empirically examines causes of air pollution in China. Panel-corrected standard errors procedure (PCSE) was used to analyze major determinants of increasing or reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_X) in 30 Chinese provinces. The estimation results show that SO₂ emission is mitigated as per capita regional GDP increases, but the relation between emission of NO_X and per capita regional GDP is found to have an inverse N-shaped curve, which implies that emission of NO_X is ultimately expected to decline with economic growth. As for increasing factors of air pollutants, electricity consumption is a significant common source of SO₂ and NO_X emissions. Moreover, the results show that increment of coal consumption significantly affects emission of SO₂ while increase of natural gas consumption reduce emission of SO₂. On the other side, investment in energy industry, and investment on treatment of waste gases are determinants of mitigating emissions of SO₂, but have no impact on NO_X. Consumption of diesel, truck ratio and number of vehicles increase emission of NO_X. Meanwhile, higher precipitation rate is a common determinant of mitigating emissions of SO₂ and NO_X. Policy implications are suggested in the conclusion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide on the growth and yield reduction of 8 Korean barley cultivars. To achieve these, barley seeds were planted in pots, then those were exposed to 1.0 ppm $SO_2$ for 6 h in a closed-top field chamber at tillering and heading stage. Foliar injury and reduction of culm and awn length were more severe when barley cultivars were exposed to $SO_2$ at tillering stage than those at heading stage. Durubori was most susceptible to $SO_2$ among cultivars tested. However, number of node and length of spike were not affeced by $SO_2$ exposure in ail cultivars. Number of spike, and grains, and weights of 1,000 grains were significantly reduced by $SO_2$ exposure at tillering stage. The reduction rates of yield at tillering stage exposure were 22% and 47% in Dongbori and Durubori, respectively. Dongbori #2 showed the most tolerant to sulfur dioxide among 8 cultivars.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine injury symptoms of orchids by sulfur dioxide gases, three orchid plants (Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Oncidium) were exposed to sulfur dioxide gas in an enclosed growth chambers. Sulfur dioxide gases treatments consist of five different concentrations (0, 5, 10 25, and 50 ppm) and plant exposure of 18 hours with $25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ air temperature and $50{\pm}5%$ relative humidity. SPAD values for chlorophyll content and percent leaf injury as well as leaf ion exudation were measured before and after the gas treatments. Phalaenopsis leaves showed 23.3% leaf injury at 10 ppm sulfur dioxide gas, whereas Cymbidium and Oncidium showed 4.0 and 4.4% leaf injury under 25 ppm or less, respectively. Major leaf injury symptoms appeared as initial water-soaking under side of the leaf, followed by rapidly progressed complete leaf discolorization or chlorosis. As the gas concentration increased, the SPAD value decreased while ion exudation increased. Cymbidium and Oncidium were resistant to sulfur dioxide gas than Phalaenopsis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1998

In order to investigate the emission pattern of sulphur dioxide gas from the soils in the plastic film house, the amounts of sulphur dioxide gas emitted from soils was periodically measured either in the plastic film house condition or in the incubator where the interior temperature was controlled to 10, 20. 30 and $40^{\circ}C$. Each soil was mixed with either mushroom, poultry, pig or fish meal compost at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50g/kg for individual treatment and then treated with addition of 50, 100, 150 and 200ml of water. A significant increase in the emission of sulphur dioxide gas was observed in the treatment of fish meal compost and such increase was initiated from the rate of l0g/kg, while little difference was observed in other treatments. Compared to upland soils, as control, the horticultural soils containing higher sulphur content emitted more sulphur dioxide. The emission of sulphur dioxide was favoured as temperature increased and was highest with the addition of 150ml of water.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.4 s.72
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• pp.3-12
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• 2006

The feasibility for the employment of manganese nodule as an adsorbent for $SO_{2}$ gas has been investigated. The specific surface area of manganese nodule particle, which used in the experiments, was ca. $221.5m^{2}/g$ and the content of sulfur in manganese nodule was observed to significantly increase after $SO_{2}$ was adsorbed on it. The EPMA for the distilled water-washed and methanol-washed manganese nodule particle after $SO_{2}$ adsorption showed that its sulfur content was slightly decreased to 14.7% and 13.1% respectively, from 15.4% before washing. The XRD analysis of manganese nodule showed that todorokite and birnessite, which are manganese oxides, and quartz and anorthite were the major mineralogical components and weak $MnSO_{4}$ peaks were detected after $SO_{2}$ was adsorbed on manganese nodule. For an comparative investigation, limestone was also tested as an adsorbent for $SO_{2}$, however, no peaks for $CaSO_{4}$ were found by XRD analysis after the adsorption of $SO_{2}$. As the size of adsorbent increased, time for breakthrough was decreased and the adsorbed amount of $SO_{2}$ was also diminished. The $SO_{2}$ adsorption was hindered when its flow rate became high and the adsorption capacity of manganese nodule was observed to be superior to that of limestone. In addition, the mixture of manganese nodule and limestone did not show an increase in the adsorption of $SO_{2}$. Finally, as the temperature was raised, the adsorbed amount of adsorbate on manganese nodule was found to be decreased.