• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 1991

The mackerel meat was packed in square No 3B can, and thermally processed at $121.1^{\circ}C$ to reach Fo values of 5, 10 and 15. On heating at $121.1^{\circ}C$, pH and volatile basic nitrogen content increased markedly, and histamine was detected at concentrations of 3.98 mg/100g in raw meat, 10.45 mg/100g in Fo 5 sample, 7.54 mg/100g in Fo 15 sample, respectively. Total free amino acid content of mackerel meat decreased with increasing Fo values. Little changes were observed in free amino acid composition, but histidine decreased significantly during heat treatment. Degradation of inosine monophosphate was proceeded during preparation and thermal processing of samples, and trimethylamine oxide changed to trimethylamine almost equivalently. In changes of lipid components, peroxide and carbonyl values were increased markedly during heat treatment. When the sample was heated at the Fo values of 5 or higher, content of non-polar lipid(NL) was increased while that of polar lipid(PL) was decreased, and percentages of polyenes such as 22 : 6 decreased with increasing Fo values. The decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in PL were much greater than those in total lipid and NL.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.723-729
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• 2015

The moment analysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was performed using chromatograms that were obtained with the pulse input method from an octadecyl silica (ODS) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. The general rate (GR) model was employed to calculate the first absolute moment and the second central moment. Three important coefficients for moment analysis, which are molecular diffusivity ($D_m$), external mass transfer coefficient ($k_f$), and intra-particle diffusivity ($D_e$), were estimated by the Wilke-Chang equation, Wilson-Geankoplis equation, and comparing van Deemter equation to theoretical plate number equation, respectively. Experiments were conducted by various conditions of flow rates, methanol volume ratio of the mobile phase, and solute concentration. After the moment analysis, results were organized by van Deemter plots. Also van Deemter coefficients were compared each other to effect $H_{ax}$, $H_f$, and $H_d$ on height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP, $H_{total}$). The value of intraparticle diffusion ($H_d$) was the primary factor which makes for HETP whereas external mass transfer ($H_f$) was disregardable factor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.499-504
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• 2000

We previously demonstrated that 6-paradol, a compound structurally related to capsaicin, showed to produce prolonged analgesia in experimental animals. The effects of 6-paradol on the release of adenosine were investigated in the rat spinal cord synaptosomes by high performance liquid chromatography. In the presence of $Ca^{++}$, adenosine was released from synaptosomes of rat spinal cord by 6-paradol and capsaicin in a dose dependent manner. Nifedifine, L-type voltage sensitive calcium channel blocker, was found to be ineffective in releasing adenosine by $10\;{\mu}M$ 6-paradol. After exposure to $10\;{\mu}M$ capsazepine, a novel capsaicin selective antagonist, the level of adenosine evoked by $10\;{\mu}M$ 6-paradol was decreased by 75%, and that evoked by $10\;{\mu}M$ capsaicin was blocked completely. These results suggest that the analgesic effect of 6-paradol might be mediated by the vanilloid (capsaicin) sensitive pathway, or the direct binding to the vanilloid receptor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1999

Phenoxazinone synthase catalyzes the oxidative condensation of two molecules of substituted o-aminophenol to the phenoxazinone chromophore of actinomycin. Mutant strain, Streptomyces sp. V-8-M-1 producing higher phenoxazinone synthase, was obtained from Streptomyces sp. V-8 by treatment of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The phenoxazinone synthase was purified from extract of mutant strain of Streptomyces sp. V-8-M-l by successive steps of streptomycin sulfate, ammonium sulfate precipitation. DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. Molecular weight of the enzyme was 360,000 daltons. The enzyme was composed of octamer of a single subunit of 45,000 daltons. The Km value and Vmax value for 3-HAA were $14.9{\;}{\mu}M$ and 9.5 mg/U, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 9.0 and $25~30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Treatment of the enzyme with group specific reagents, phenylglyoxal, p-hydroxymercury-benzoate, Nbromosuccinimide, 5.5'-dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid and ethylmaleimide resulted in loss of enzyme activity, which shows arginine and cysteine residues are at or near the active site.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger IMI 41873 was cultured by the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Its sporulation occurred in the culture. Ribonucleic acids were extracted at each stage of life cycle. These RNAs were digested, separated and determined by P.E.I. cellulose TLC and HPLC methods. The levels of ribonucleic acids in sporulating mycelia were higher than those of conidiophore and phialide forming mycelia. Inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives were found in HPLC separations. The levels of inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives per ribonucleic acid were constant through differentiation. After the standard purine necleosides and boiling water extracts from A. bisporus, F. velutipes and L. edodes were added into the culture, their effects on sporulation were examined. Sporulation was greatly enhanced in each adding experiment.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how different aerobic exercise intensities affected AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in young mice during an 8-week period. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged seven weeks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), low-intensity exercise (n=10), moderate-intensity exercise (n=10), and high-intensity exercise (n=10). For eight weeks, aerobic activity was performed once a day for 35-40 minutes, five days a week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared tests, and the Tukey test in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Weight (p=.001) was substantially different between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in AMPK (p<.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=.136) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=.521). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased AMPK activation and helped young mice shed weight.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of TI-201 SPECT with intra coronary injection (lC-I) in the detection of viable myocardium, we have performed SPECT imaging after direct intracoronary injection of TI-201 and images were compared with those of stress-reinjection (Re-I) SPECT. Methods: Fourteen coronary artery disease patients (male 11, mean age 54 years) who had myocardial infarction or demonstrated left ventricular wall motion abnormality on echocardiography were enrolled. Three mCi of TI-201 was injected into both coronary arteries during angiography and images were acquired between 6- and 24-hour after injection. Reinjection imaging with 1 mCi of TI-201 was performed at 4-hour after adenosine stress imaging with 3 mCi of TI-201. Images were interpreted according to 4-grade visual scoring system (grade 0-3). Segments with mild to moderated uptake (${\leq}$grade 1), and upgraded more than one score with reinjection, and were defined as viable myocardium. Results: Image quality was poor in two cases with IC-I. Numbers of non-viable segments were 60 (23.8%) with IC-I, and 38 (15.1%) with Re-I, respectively. Overall agreement for perfusion grade per myocardial segment in each IC-I and Re-I was 76.5%. Overall agreement for viable segment between IC-I and Re-I was 90.5%. Only one out of 38 segments interpreted as non-viable with Re-I were interpretated as viable with IC-I. And 23 out of 214 segments interpreted as viable with Re-I were interpreted as non-viable with IC-I. Conclusion: Intracoronary TI-201 SPECT seemed to be not advantageous over stress-rest reinjection imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability, mainly due to low count statistics at 6-hour or 24-hour delayed time points. The feasibility of intracoronary TI- 201 SPECT is considered to be limited.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

Biomass and community composition of microphytobentos in tidal flats were studied by HPLC analysis and also investigated to examine the relationship between microphytobenthic pigments and Adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP) as an index of total microbial biomass in intertidal environments (muddy and sandy sediment) of Gyeonggi Bay, west coast of Korea. Microphytobenthic pigments and ATP concentration in muddy sediment were the highest at the surface while the biomass of microphytobenthos in sandy sediment was the highest at the sub-surface (0.75 cm sediment depth). The detected pigments of microphytobenthos were chlorophyll a, b (euglenophytes), $c_3$, peridinin (dinoflagellates), fucoxanthin (diatom or chrysophytes), diadinoxanthin, alloxanthin (cryptophytes), diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin (cyanobacteria), ${\beta}$-carotein, and pheophytin a (the degraded product of chlorophyll a). Among the pigments which were detected, the concentration of fucoxanthin was the highest, indicating that diatoms dominated in the microphytobenthic community of the tidal flats. There was little significant correlation between OC (Organic Carbon) and ATP in both sediments. However, a positive correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and ATP concentration was found in sandy sediment, suggesting that microbial biomass could be affected by labile OC derived from microphytobenthos. These results provide information that may help us understand the relationship between microphytobenthos and microbial biomass in different intertidal sediment environments.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In this study, the contamination level was measured using an ATP meter using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescent material to find effective infection control to compensate for the disadvantages of the microbial culture method used for hygiene control of ultrasound probe. The convex probes were selected from six ultrasound probe in the hospital, and the samples were taken in real time before and after cleaning to check the contamination of the probe. In order to classify the pollution degree using the APT meter was classified by category. A total of 78 samples were collected from the ultrasound probe. When the pollution levels before and after cleaning were classified by category, 76.6% of the samples were classified into category 3·4 before cleaning, but they decreased to 23.3% after cleaning. 13.3% before cleaning was in category 1, but increased to 43.3% after cleaning. By classifying the pollution level, it was confirmed that the pollution level was significantly reduced by category. Until now, there was no suitable criterion for determining the contamination level by using ATP meter in medical machines where sample area is small and reused. In this study, criteria for each category were set to measure the contamination level of ATP meter suitable for small sample area such as ultrasound probe, so that contamination level could be determined in real time at the site. Therefore, it is considered that hygiene management for ultrasound probe can be more actively performed.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.441-445
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• 2009

In order to develop an intelligent delivery system for cosmetic active agents (e.g., arbutin, ascorbic acid, and adenosine), pH-responsive P(MAA-co-PEGMA) hydrogel particles having an average size of approx. $2{\mu}m$ and spherical shape were synthesized via dispersion photopolymerization. There was a drastic change in the swelling ratio of P (MAA-co-PEGMA) hydro gels at a pH 5, which is the $pK_a$ of the hydrogel. To determine the factors that have an effect on the loading of cosmetic active agents into the hydrogel, the loading efficiency of the active agents was investigated at various MAA and EG compositions of the hydrogel and the loading pH conditions. When the MAA contents in the hydrogel decreased, the loading efficiency of the active agents increased. In loading experiments with different pH conditions, the active agents showed higher loading efficiency into the hydrogel at the pH where the hydrogel was at the swollen state than at the pH where the electrostatic repulsion was minimized.