• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the weight of seasonal garments worn by Korean women in their daily lives and thermal insulation. We selected a total of 121 garments(13 kinds of Under garments, 51 Upper garments, 32 Lower garments, 15 Headgear, 10 Gloves Footgear) based on our previous survey using questionnaire and interview. Thermal insulation of single garment was measured with a thermal manikin. Also we measured garment weight, covering area, thickness, air permeability on the each garment(chamber air temperature: $21.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, humidity: $50{\pm}5%R.H.$ air speed: 0.15m/s). The results are as follow: The very strong positive correlation(r=0.905, p<.01) was recognized between the weight of single garment and thermal insulation. The regression equation of thermal insulation can be represented as follows: Thermal Insulation(clo)=$0.03+0.0004{\times}Garment$ Weight(g)($r^2$=0.820, SEE =0.059). There are significant differences in the thermal insulation and garment weight by season and garment type(p<.05). The each garment category's thermal insulation and garment weight has as follows: Under garment(0.06clo, 89g), Blouse Shirt T-shirt(0.13clo, 200g), Cardigan Sweater Vest(0.14clo, 287g), Coat Jacket Jumper(0.41clo, 890g), Skirt(0.16clo, 276g), Trousers(0.20clo, 438g), Headgear(0.03clo, 102g), Gloves Footgear(0.03clo, 33g).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.966-973
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the combination of women's clothing by season and thermal insulation using a thermal manikin. A total of 34 kinds of clothing ensembles were selected based on previous studies(8 types for spring/fall, 7 types for summer, and 19 types for winter). The results were as follows: The thermal insulation of clothing ensembles($I_{cle-total}$) ranged from $0.34{\sim}0.60clo$ for spring/fall, $0.16{\sim}0.37clo$ for summer, and $0.89{\sim}1.35clo$ for winter. The correlation coefficient between the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles and thermal insulation accumulated by the individual garments composing of the clothing ensembles($I_{cle-summed}$) was 0.982(p<0.001). The correlation coefficient between the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles and total clothing layers for the upper body part was 0.750 (p<0.001), for the total clothing weight was 0.978(p<0.001), and for the covering area was 0.776(p<0.001). In conclusion, $I_{cle-total}$ showed higher relationships to the $I_{cle-summed}$ and total clothing weight than to the total clothing layers or surface area covered by clothing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.878-888
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• 2016

In this study, wool/nylon(50/50%) blend yarn and its fabrics for tra-biz(complex word of travel+business) garment were prepared, and its wear comfort characteristics were investigated through thermal manikin and human-body wearing experiment. In addition, tactile wearing performance from fabric mechanical properties and the dimensional stability and the pilling of the fabric specimen during wearing and dry-cleaning were measured and compared with those of wool 100% fabric specimen. Heat keepability of the wool/nylon(50/50%) blend fabric by thermal manikin experiment was superior than that of wool 100% fabric, this result was verified with human-body wearing experiment and its result coincided well with this experimental result. Tactile wearing performance of the wool/nylon(50/50%) fabric from fabric mechanical properties measured by FAST system was better than that of the wool 100% fabric. The dimensional stability of the wool/nylon(50/50%) fabric was more stable than that of the wool 100% fabric. Because relaxation shrinkage was lower and hygral expansion of wool 100% fabric was more high. However, the breathability and pilling property of the wool/nylon(50/50%) fabric were inferior than those of the wool 100% fabric. The possibility of application for tra-biz garment of wool/nylon(50/50%) blend fabric was observed because of good heat keepability, tactile wearing performance and washing fastness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1756-1764
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 의복시스템 내 에서 착탈이 가능한 라이너 가 있을 때 얼마만큼의 보온성 이 증가되는가를 알고자 하는 것이다. 서로 다른 섬유조성 과 두께를 가지는 3개 의 의복앙상블을 선정하여 움직일 수 있는 마네킨을 사용하여 14$^{\circ}C$로 조절되어 있는 인공기후실에서 보온성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 라이너 사용 후 보온성이 증가되었는데 그 정도는 라이너 의 두께 와 섬유조성에 따라서 다르며 약 0.5 clo 증가하였다. 이 결과로부터 착탈 가능한 라이너의 사용으로 추운기후에 어느 정도 적응 할 수 있는가를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate insulation of thermal clothing under still and dynamic air conditions(with 2.1m/sec air velocity) and decrease of insulation in both conditions, to analyze correlations among them, and to estimate insulation and decrease of insulation using factors, such as fabric insulation, fabric weight, clothing weight, air permeability, and water vapor resistance. A total of 25 kinds of clothing were tested(9 types for suits, 6 types of jacket, 5 types for shirts, and 5 types for trousers). The results of this study were as follows; Thermal resistance of clothing under the dynamic air condition decreased comparing to that of clothing under still air condition in all types of clothing. Decrease in shirts was the biggest(47.5%), followed by suits(39.51%), trousers(37.48%), and jackets(34.49%) in sequence. Thermal resistance of clothing under dynamic air condition showed very high correlation(0.98, p<0.01) with that of clothing under still air condition, followed by thermal resistance of fabric(0.86, p<0.01). Decrease in thermal resistance of clothing showed the highest correlation with air permeability. It didn't show correlation with other factors. Regression analysis showed that fabric thickness would be useful factor for estimating thermal resistance of clothing and air permeability also would be useful factor for estimating decrease in thermal resistance of clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1095-1106
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• 2013

This study evaluated the wear comfort properties of water-vapor-permeable (WVP) garments using a movable sweating thermal manikin. Manikin tests were performed in a climatic chamber (temperature T=20, $35{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity $H=50{\pm}10%$) using seven sportswear outfits (a long sleeve shirts and a long pants) made with seven different WVP fabrics. Physiological responses of wear trials could be correlated with measurement parameters of the thermal manikin experiment; subsequently, a regression model that represented a final comfort sensation could be obtained. The regression model developed in this work is based on thermal manikin measurements; consequently, it provides an independent comfort sensation level in a relatively short time at a low cost while maintaining the reproducibility of results. It translates into more actual choices for sportswear manufacturers and sportswear consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1999

This study was performed for purpose of getting fundamental information requisite to wear velvet clothes that is more comfortable for the human body and also the environment. It was carried out in a human wearing test and thermal manikin test at the same time in a controlled-condition chamber. The experimental environment had a ambient temperature of 15$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$ with the relative humidity at 5$^{\circ}C$$\pm$5% and with air velocity at less that than 0.2m/sec. Velvet differ from common plain weaves in thermal properties because it's constructed in two parts one is ground part and the other part is pile part. In order to investigate the thermal resistance of velvet eight different combination of 4 velvet kinds and 2 lings kinds as experimental clothes. [(4 velvet kinds : Acetate cuprammoium Rayon Cotton Wool) (2 lining kinds : acetate viscose rayon)longrightarrow8 combination: Aa, Av, Ra, Rv, Ca, Cv, Wa, Wv: the simplified character] The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. For the regional thermal resistance the differences in eight clothes as well as differences in each part were significant. As a whole the breast part showed the highest thermal resistance and the leg part was higher than the shank part. The rank of the total thermal resistance was put at Wa>Wv>Ca>Cv>Aa>Av>Ra>Rv in this order. 2. Considered clothing microclimate microclimate temperature has a similar tendency to the total thermal resistance. It showed a significance in the differences of eight clothes and each parts. the belly part was highest in every combination. On the other hand for clothing humidity there was a significance between back and breast part only in the human wearing test. 3. It was indicated that CLO value was highly positively correlated with the clothings' weight and showed a high negative correlation with the air permeability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

This study investigated the thermal insulation of an air-cell pack embedded jacket and down jackets to understand the potential of air-cell pack as a filler for winter outdoor wear. A thermal manikin measured the thermal insulation of the following jackets: HD (heavy down jacket, total weight (Tw) 750g, goose down weight (Dw) 350g), LD (light down jacket, Tw 560g, Dw 140g), AF (air-cell pack embedded jacket, Tw 490g, trunk goose down in LD was replaced to air cell), F (film jacket, Tw 469g, but removed the air in the air-cell pack from the AF), and Control (control jacket, Tw 438g, removed the air-cell pack film from the F). Thermal insulations of each experimental condition were measured in a static standing posture. Total thermal insulations (IT) were 1.29clo (HD), 1.23clo (LD), 1.16clo (AF), 1.20clo (F), and 1.08clo (Control). Body regional thermal insulation was higher in the chest and back than in the abdomen and hip in all conditions. The results suggest that an economical and versatile outdoor jacket with superior thermal insulation will be feasible if the air volume is properly controlled in air-cell pack embedded jackets in consideration of regional different distribution and used in combination with film and down.