• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

This paper was performed for the older people with cognitive abilities deteriorated, and its effectiveness is analyzed through measurement value of HRV. This paper was investigated the major acupressure that has been used frequently to people who has to decrease cognitive ability in the old documents. We measure the several variation by using a measuring instrument of HRV after performing an operation of acupuncture and moxibustion for elderly degraded cognitive ability. As compared with the measured values, the moxibustion and acupuncture to changes in the autonomic nervous system, heart rate and how it affects the efficacy was measured. As a result of research, acupuncture and moxibustion could be confirmed through the HRV analysis that there is a positive effect on the improvement of cognitive skills.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nonnutritive sucking(NNS) on the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral state of premature infants. Method: From December 15, 2004 to February 15, 2005, 20 premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units were assigned to an experimental group (10), or a control group (10). Circular pacifiers for premature infants (Johnson, U.S.A.), which had been packed with $2{\times}2$ gauzes to create a vacuum, were used for 5 minutes, one hour after feeding for 5 days. Heart rates and oxygen saturation were checked every minute for 10 minutes once a day and behavioral states were monitored through video recording at the same time. Results: Changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation and behavioral state were found to show significant differences between the experimental group and the control group according to the point in time, and interactions were found between the group and the point of time. However, for behavioral state, no significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group after the NNS was removed. Conclusion: From the results of this study it is possible to conclude that NNS is a positive intervention to bring about increased oxygen saturation and soothed behavioral state for premature infants.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. The goal in the treatment of RDS is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. ETS needs to be performed to remove lung secretions in the ventilated premature infants with RDS. Oxygen saturation(SpO$_2$) and heart rate(HR) were compared in 22 premature infants with RDS using two types of ETS : open ETS versus close ETS. The results showed there was no significant difference in the SpO$_2$ and HR responses between open ETS and close ETS. The SpO$_2$ and HR returned to the baseline within 1 minute after suctioning. But in some case, there was a significantly greater incidence in the decrease of SpO$_2$ below 90% occured in the open ETS than in the close ETS. It implies that closed ETS may be beneficial to the premature infants who tend to develop desaturation easily.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.591-601
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• 1998

미숙아에 있어 주로 표면활성제의 부족으로 인한 호흡곤란증은 미숙아 사망의 주원인이 된다. 호흡곤란증의 치료목적은 적절한 환기를 통해 체내 산소화를 유지시키는 것이다. 인공호흡기 치료를 받는 미숙아에게 필수적인 간호중재인 기관지 흡인술은 그 효과를 극대화하기 위해 흉곽진동법과 같이 사용될 수도 있다. 그러나 미숙아를 대상으로 하는 흉곽진동법은 그 중재의 안전성이나 효과에 대한 과학적 검증 없이 시행되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 호흡곤란증 미숙아에 있어 기관지 흡인술 이전에 행하여지는 흉곽진동법이 산소화와 기관지 분비물에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 20명의 호흡곤란증 미숙아를 대상으로 대상자내 반복실험연구가 설계되었다. 독립변수는 기관지흡인술이전에 흉곽진동이고 종속 변수는 산소 포화도, 심박동수, 그리고 기관지 분비물의 양이었다. 각 대상자는 무작위 순서에 따라 한번은 흉곽진동없이 흡인을, 나머지 한번은 흉곽진동과 흡인의 두 가지 형태의 흡인을 경험 하였다. 연구 결과, 기관지 흡인술이전에 흉곽진동을 실시하든, 안하든 산소포화도와 심박동수의 변화양상에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 융곽진동법을 실시한 경우가 실시안한 경우에 비해 더 많은 양의 기관지 분비물을 흡인하였다. 이는 기관지 흡인술 이전에 실시하는 흉곽진동법이 미숙아의 체내에 부가적 산소소모를 초래하지 않는 반면, 기도로부터 더 많은 분비물을 흡인하는데 효과적임을 시사한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of music therapy as auditory stimulus on the heart rate and behavioral state of premature infants. Method: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Forty premature infants who were admitted at NICU were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from April 20 to July 31, 2003 and analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and ANCOVA. Infants in experimental group were given music therapy for 20 minutes daily in 7 days at the average level of 56dB. Results: The first hypothesis that 'Infants in the experimental group will be lower in heart rate than those in the control group' was rejected(F= .05, ρ= .816). The 2nd hypothesis that 'Infants in the experimental group will be lower in behavioral state score than those in the control group, was supported(F=7.40, ρ= .010). Conclusion: The music therapy in this study was an effective nursing intervention in decreasing the heart rate and behavioral state score of premature infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the result of one-way ANOVA with that of cross-correlation time series analysis in order to evaluate physiologic responses of premature infants to human voices. Methods: Four premature infants born prior to 32 weeks gestational age were included in the study. The Gould 4000TA Recording System recorded the preterm infant's heart and respiratory rate while they were listening to a pre-recorded voice recording. Each infant listened to both male and female voices (1 min each) at each testing session. Results: The results of both one-wayANOVA and cross-correlation time series analysis using heart and respiratory rate data were not consistent in some of premature infants. A cross-correlation time series analysis revealed that the responses of premature infant to vocal stimulation occurred at a varying number of seconds after the stimulus was presented and lasted for over 20-30 sec. Conclusion: The results indicate that a time series analysis can provide more detailed information on the rapidly changing physiologic status of premature infant to the auditory stimulus. In addition, the results provide an insight into an auditory responsitivity of premature infants to a naturally occurring sound, the human voice, in the neonatal intensive care unit.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.565-573
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed a heart activity control model for simulation of the aortic sinus baroreceptor, which was the most representative baroreceptor sensing the variance of pressure in the cardiovascular system. And then, the heart activity control model composed electric circuit model of the cardiovascular system with baroreflex control and time delay sub-model to observe the effect of time delay in heart period and stroke volume under the regulation of baroreflex in the aortic sinus. The mechanism of time delay in the heart activity baroreflex control model is as follows. A control function is conduct sensing pressure information in the aortic sinus baroreceptor to transmit the efferent nerve through central nervous system. As simulation results of the proposed model, we observed three patterns of the cardiovascular system variability by the time delay. First of all, if the time delay over 2.5 second, aortic pressure and stroke volume and heart rate was observed non-periodically and irregularly. However, if the time delay from 0.1 second to 0.25 second, the regular oscillation was observed. And then, if time delay under 0.1 second, then heart rate and aortic pressure-heart rate trajectory were maintained in stable state.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.54-65
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• 2020

This randomized pre-post-controlled experimental study determined the effect on patients' anxiety, stress, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and Bis index when the Healing Beats program is applied after epidural blockage. The subjects were selected from the patients who visited the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain for the treatment of epidural blockage and volunteered through the recruitment announcement. A total of 74 sets of data were collected and analyzed with 25 subjects in the experimental group, 24 in the placebo group, and 25 in the control group. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2-tests, F-tests and repeated measures of ANOVA. As a result of the study, the general characteristics and variables of the experimental group, placebo group, and control group were all the same, and anxiety was measured twice before and after the study. There were significant differences between groups (F=27.175, p<.001), and stress (F=4.78, p<.001), heart rate (F=4.22, p<.001) and the Bis index (F=7.96, p<.001) were analyzed by variance according to population and time. There was a significant difference. However, there was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure (F=1.23, p=.298). In conclusion, the Healing Beats program can be used as an effective and effective intervention for sedation in clinical situations or stressful situations.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the effect of substitution of strontium for calcium on mechanical activity in isolated perfused spontaneously beating rat hearts. The mechanical activity of the hearts of Langendorff's preparation in conditions of low calcium and strontium-substitution for calcium was compared. The effect of norepinephrine and verapamil were also observed in those conditions. The results were as follows : 1. In low calcium, the mechanical activity of the heart preparation was significantly reduced, but when the equimolar strontium was substituted for the reduced calcium, the activity was kept at similar level to the normal condition. 2. When equimolar strontium was substituted for the total calcium in perfusate, the heart preparation stopped its beating, and it was not restored in spite of reperfusion with normal calcium perfusate. 3. Norepinephrine-induced positive inotropic effect was inhibited in low-calcium condition especially with low concentration of norepinephrine, but not in strontium-substitution for calcium. 4. Verapamil reduced the activity of the heart both in low-calcium and strontium-substitution as well as in normal calcium conditions. From above results, it was concluded that strontium served as a substitute of calcium in maintaining mechanical activity and in responsiveness to norepinephrine, and the influx of strontium through cell membrane is inhibited by verapamil as the influx of calcium.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2006

Purpose: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a very useful procedure in diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases. However, there can be some difficulty in performing this procedure in children due to the associated discomfort. Recently, sedative agents such as midazolam have been introduced to alleviate this problem quite successfully. In our study, we attempted to confirm the safety and efficacy of midazolam use by monitoring the vital signs of children undergoing endoscopy. Methods: We analyzed data on 244 children who received EGD in the department of pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University between August 2003 and July 2005. We evaluated $O_2$ saturation, heart rate and change of mental status before and during the procedure and analyzed the results using the SPSS 12.0 package (Chi-square test, cross table method, etc.). Results: There was no significant difference in vital signs measured before and during EGD between midazolam treated and non treated children. There was no significant relationship between the amount of midazolam given and $O_2$ saturation or a change of mental status. Regarding the $O_2$ saturation, it was decreased during EGD in both groups with p<0.01 though no difference was noted between the groups; the $O_2$ level was maintained above 95% in all patients. The heart rate was also increased during EGD in both groups with a p<0.01; however, no significant difference was noted between the groups. Conclusion: We confirmed the safety of low dose midazolam by evaluating the vital signs of children during endoscopies. However, the doses used were not sufficient for sedation or to obtain an amnestic effect.