• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

Depression and executive dysfunction are common neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke. Patients with stroke are more predisposed to depression and executive dysfunction compared to patients with similar degree of physical disability. Both depression and executive dysfunction are also associated with poor prognosis such as high mortality and delayed recovery after stroke. Complex neurobiological and anatomical mechanisms are associated with the development of depression and executive dysfunction after stroke. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines is thought to be associated with onset of depression, whereas injuries in frontal-subcortical circuit are thought to be a link between depression and executive dysfunction. Early detection of depressive symptoms and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment would be helpful. In this review paper, the authors investigated 1) biological and neuroanatomical substrate for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, 2) the relationship and common etiopathology for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, and 3) pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for poststroke depression. The contents of the paper are as follows : the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and biological etiology for poststroke depression, neuroanatomical abnormalities as a common etiological factor for depression and executive dysfunction, pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological approach.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

Anumber of prior studies have reported eye movement dysfunction in patients with dementia. The eye movement test which is non-invasive can evaluate the local brain function quantitatively. Therefore, it can be a useful method for characterizing regional brain abnormalities of patients with dementia. The aim of this paper is to review the literatures on eye movement abnormalities in dementia patients. Saccade system dysfunctions in Alzheimer disease include increased latency, reduced accuracy, and increased antisaccade error rates. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed impaired reflexive saccade inhibition and increased latency and errors of antisaccade task. And delayed initiation of voluntary saccades, slow saccades, and increased errors and latency on antisaccade task were found in Huntington's disease. Patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies have characteristics of impaired in both reflexive saccade execution and complex saccade performance. However, there were few reports of abnormal eye movements in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; they could be found at the later stages after symptoms of dementia came to be evident, and secondary to cerebellar and vestibular involvement. Slowing of saccades and hypometric saccades might precede the supranuclear limitation of vertical gaze in PSP. Dysfunction of voluntary eyelid movements was a characteristic finding of PSP as well. In conclusion, patients with dementia can show various abnormal eye movements and they are related with cortial and subcortical brain dysfunctions. The research on localization of brain relevant to each symptom can promise more clinical implications of eye movement of dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.242-255
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• 1997

Characteristics of attention deficit of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) were investigated by administering six computerized attention tests of Vienna Test System and four neuropsychological tests to children aged 6-12, with ADHD(n=21) and age-matched normal control children(n=22). The findings indicated that ADHD children show lower level of vigilance, more decline of performance in vigilance task on time, and impaired preparedness to response. They also have selective attention deficit on monitoring tasks, but did not have sustained attention deficit compared with normal control children. On the tasks wich overload their information processing capacity, ADHD children show more impulsive response pattern than normal control children. The performance of ADHD was worse than control on the neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. The presense 'These' attention deficits supports the theory that the defect of ADHD is due to the dysfunction of more than one brain region, including brain stem reticular formation and frontal lobe.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-232
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• 2005

The use of the lung assist device (LAD) would be well suited for acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients, combining the simplicity of mechanical ventilation with the ability of extracoporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO) to provide temporary relief for the natural lungs. This study's specific attention was focused on the effect of membrane vibration in the LAD. Quantitative experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the device, and to identify membrane vibration dependence on blood hemolysis. We tried to decide upon excited frequency band of limit hemolysis when blood hemolysis came to through a membrane vibration action. The excited frequency of the module type 5, consisted of 675 hollow fiber membranes, showed the maximum gas transfer rate. We concluded that the maximum oxygen transfer rate seemed to be caused by the occurrence of maximum amplitude and the transfer of vibration to hollow fiber membranes. It was excited up to $25{\pm}5$ Hz at each blood flow rate of module type 5. We found that this frequency became the 2nd mode resonance riequency of the flexible in blood flow. Blood hemolysis was low at the excited frequency of $25{\pm}5$ Hz. Therefore, we decided that limit hemolysis frequency of this LAD was $25{\pm}5$ Hz.