• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

The Brazilian Federal Housing Program "Minha Casa Minha Vida" -PMCMV (My House My Life) is part of a large housing policy to eradicate the housing deficit, estimated at around five million homes in the country. The Ministry for Cities created a network of independent research organizations to evaluate the program, and the PMCMV has attracted many studies. Despite the inherent worth of these individual studies, there is a need for a holistic evaluation. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is seen as an important contribution to focus research efforts on the problems identified, to avoid the repetition of studies and to provide novel insights. This article carried out a SLR to map and quantify the types of research and represent a graphic panorama of published studies. Gap spotting was part of the study. In the five-year period from 2010-2014, the SLR identified 1489 bibliographic items. The panorama is categorised according to types of publications, and the analysis of items shows that most studies are concentrated on housing policies, financial questions, urban impacts and Brazilian social development. The results of this SLR raise some new research questions and show opportunities to reduce errors in the housing projects themselves.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.118-138
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• 1999

This study presents the variations on drug utilization for outpatients' URI, gastritis. and hypertension by the type of hospital- tertiary hospital. general hospital. hospital. clinic. It investigated drug expenses. daily drug expenses. days of medication. the highest price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used for each disease and type of hospital. This study also performed analysis to see how much the variations of variables related to drug use affect the variations of drug expenses. The dependent variable was drug expenses and the independent variables were days of medication. the average price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used. Analysis of the drug utilization was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study. 379 patients with URI, 386 patients with gastritis. 1.257 patients with hypertension were included. It was founded that there were large variation on drug utilization between the types of hospital for same diseases. Days of medication were longest in tertiary hospitals and shortest in hospitals or clinics. Clinics showed the lowest daily drug expenses in all of the diseases investigated. Daily drug expenses were highest in general hospitals or hospitals. which also tended to use drugs of higher price than other types of hospital. General hospitals and hospitals had larger variations in daily drug expenses and the highest price of drugs. It suggested that drug might be utilized overly in general hospitals and hospitals and some other factors might influence on drug utilization in these hospitals. It was found that the variations of drug expenses were affected by the variations of drug price and days of medication rather than the number of the different drugs. Then the strategy to reduce the variations of drug utilization and to improve the quality of drug utilization should focus on the drug price and days of medication. Further study is needed to assess the quality as well as the variation of drug utilization and to show the factors which affect them.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

경남 거제시 거제만 잘피밭에서 어류의 종조성을 조사하기 위해 2006년 6월부터 2007년 5월까지 인력을 이용하는 surf net으로 어류를 매월 사리때 간조시 1회 채집하였다. 조사기간 동안 어류는 총 5목 12과 26종, 1,825 개체, 4,483.1 g이 채집되었다. 줄망둑이 290개체 (15.9%)로 우점종으로 나타났다. 그 다음으로 실비늘치, 살망둑, 그물코쥐치, 점망둑, 꾹저구, 실고기, 일곱동갈망둑, 민베도라치, 복섬, 우베도라치가 많이 채집되었으며, 이들 10종은 총 개체수의 74.7%를 차지하였다. 생체량 면에서는 전체 생체량의 76.2%를 차지하였다. 잘피밭 어류 군집은 수온에 따라 뚜렷한 계절 변화를 보여 3월부터 어종이 증가하기 시작했으며 9월에는 채집된 종수와 개체수 모두 최대를 기록하였고 생체량은 3월부터 증가하여 5월에 절정에 달한 후, 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 한편 종다양도지수는 12월에 가장 높았다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제18권2호통권29호
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• pp.70-84
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• 2005

장석순(張錫純)$(1860{\sim}1933)$시청말민초시기적의가(是淸末民初時期的醫家), 통과대기소저(通過對其所著)${\ulcorner}$의학충중참서록(醫學衷中參西錄)${\lrcorner}$적제오기제삼권중(的第五期第三卷中), 관우(關于)'논간병치법'(論肝病治法)내용적연구(內容的硏究), 소득출적결론시(所得出的結論是), 기대간병적치법가개괄위평간법(其對肝病的治法可槪括爲平肝法), 산간법(散肝法), 화간법(化肝法), 유간법(柔肝法), 진간법(鎭肝法), 염간법(斂肝法), 보간법(補肝法), 완간법등팔법(緩肝法等八法). 평간법인위(平肝法認爲), 인지원기찰근우신, 맹아우간이유약역손(萌芽于肝而柔弱易損), 고불가관파간기(故不可關破肝氣). 차내경중(且內經中)'궐음불치(厥陰不治), 구지양명(求之陽明)'여금궤중(與金櫃中)'당선실비(當先實脾)', 도이서조간기위관건(都以舒調肝氣爲關鍵), 인차이승강탕여배비서간탕등립방(因此以昇降湯與培脾舒肝湯等立方), 차작위평간약중시료계지(且作爲平肝藥重視了桂枝). 산간법인위(散肝法認爲), 간위목장(肝爲木臟), 구유직향이성향상신전(具有直向而性向上伸展), 소이부응기성(所以符應其性), 이용신미산지(而用辛味散之), 즉가위보법(卽可爲補法). 작위산간약(作爲散肝藥), 기선용인진여맥아(其善用茵蔯與麥芽). 화간법시재간체증대(化肝法是在肝體增大), 혹간중유열(或肝中有熱), 혹간기울체(或肝氣鬱滯), 혹옹창시(或壅脹時), 작위산간달울지법(作爲散肝達鬱之法), 사용료시호(使用了柴胡), 유향(乳香), 몰약(沒藥), 차이활혈약당좌약사용적치법(且以活血藥當佐藥使用的治法), 우기중시료삼칠근(尤其重視了三七根). 유간법시근거(柔肝法是根據)'간악조희윤(肝惡燥喜潤), 조칙간체판경이간화간기즉망동(燥則肝體板硬而肝火肝氣卽妄動), 윤칙간체유화이간화간기장영정(潤則肝體柔和而肝火肝氣長寧靜)'적이론(的理論), 인위재치료중가선용당귀(認爲在治療中可選用當歸), 작약(芍藥), 백자인(柏子仁), 현삼(玄蔘), 구기자(枸杞子), 아교(阿膠), 별갑(鱉甲), 단불가장기사용(但不可長期使用). 기진간법시(其鎭肝法是), 재치료경간(在治療驚癎), 전광(癲狂), 현운(眩暈), 뇌충혈제증시(腦充血諸證時), 작위대표처방선용료진간식풍탕(作爲代表處方選用了鎭肝熄風湯). 염간법시근거기(斂肝法是根據其)'범인원기지탈(凡人元氣之脫), 개탈재간(皆脫在肝)'적독특이론(的獨特理論), 이내복탕등작위대표처방진행치료적방법(以來復湯等作爲代表處方進行治療的方法), 차대제양사용료산수유(且大劑量使用了山茱萸). 보간법시재간기허약이실기조달시사용적치법(補肝法是在肝氣虛弱而失其條達時使用的治法), 인위황기시보간적주약. 완간법시의거(緩肝法是依據)‘간고급(肝苦急), 급식감이완지(急食甘以,緩之)'지설이정적치법(之說而定的治法), 인위단미감초시대표약(認爲單味甘草是代表藥).

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.166-190
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• 1998

This study presents the status on drug prescription for clinic outpatients' bronchitis, gastritis, and gastric ulcer, and also the physician factors that affects their prescriptions. In this research project the physician factors are as follows: their demographic features, their work related features, education related features, drug information related features and drug promotion related features. The variables in drug prescriptions are drug expenses, daily drug expenses, days of medication, the highest price of the drugs used and the number of the different drugs used. Analysis of the use of prescription drugs was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. Data on physicians' characteristics were collected by mailing surveys. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study, 388 adults with bronchitis, 1,038 children with bronchitis, 1,158 patients with gastritis, 369 patients with gastric ulcer were included. The older physicians tend to allow the lower drug costs: this explains that the older doctors who are more experienced less depend on the medicines. It can be also explained that doctors are likely to use the medicines that had been used for their intern and resident practice/training period. General practitioners give more intensive prescription compared to specialists. And specialists prescribed medicines to patients for longer period. The doctors' prescriptions for patients are largely affected by commercial sources. So objective and reliable sources for drug information is needed for patients' benefits. Physician factors explain better at the daily drug expenses, the drug price and the number of different drugs than days of medication. Gastric ulcer are better explained by the prescription model adopted in this study than other diseases.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2017

편측 공간무시는 주로 우측 대뇌반구의 병변으로 인한 뇌졸중 이후 발생하는 신경학적 질환으로, 병변 반대 측 신체와 공간에 대한 처리 기능과 주의집중에 문제가 발생한다. 기능적 신경이미지 연구에서 편측 공간무시는 큰 수준의 중대뇌 동맥, 페리실비안 연결망, 주의집중 연결망의 손상과 연관성이 있다고 보고하였다. 편측 공간무시는 부정적인 예후와 관련이 있기 때문에 정확한 진단과 중재를 위해 편측 공간무시의 유형과 이론 그리고 전통적 평가와 기능적 평가를 포함한 임상적 평가가 고려되어야 한다. 편측 공간무시의 치료는 하향식 접근방법과 상향식 접근방법으로 구분하며, 두 접근방법을 결합하는 형태가 가장 효과적일 수 있다. 편측 공간무시의 모든 최신 중재방법 중에서 프리즘 적응이 가장 적절한 중재법으로 연구되고 있으나, 편측 공간무시의 유형과 병변 위치 등을 고려하여 환자에게 적절한 중재를 적용하는 것이 중요하다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2001

고온에서 장시간 사용으로 인하여 발생되는 경년열화 평가에는 파괴적인 방법이 신뢰성이 높지만 시험편 채취의 어려움이 있다. 그러므로 비파괴석인 방법에 의한 열화도 평가가 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 2.23Cr-1Mo강에 대하여 장시간 등온열처리로 모의 열화시험편을 제작하여 고온설비부재에서 발생되는 탄화물의 석출 및 조대화, 분순물의 입계편석 등 금속학적 미세조직을 관찰하고, 미세조직의 변화와 유도 초음파의 전파특성과의 상관관계를 규명하고, 파괴시험치와 그 결과를 비교하여 초음파 비파괴평가에 의한 고온부재의 열화도 평가의 가능성을 실험적으로 검증하고자 한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2005

본 연구는 건설공사 하도급계약의 당사자인 수급인과 하수급인간의 하도급계약금액 조정과 관련하여 발생하는 원인을 검토하고, 분쟁을 예방하기 위한 하도급대금조정 관련 법규의 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 문헌연구, 하도급계약 법규에 관한 구조와 맥락의 분석 그리고 설문조사의 방법에 의하여 진행되었으며, 주요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 발주자와 수급인의 계약금액 조정이 이루어지는 경우 그 내용을 하수급인에게 통지하도록 하는 절차에 관한 조항을 하도급법과 건설표준하도급계약조건에 규정하여야 한다. (2) 하수급인이 하도급계약 내용의 변경 및 그에 수반되는 하도급대금 조정을 청구할 수 있도록 하는 절차를 건설표준하도 급계약조건에 규정하여야 한다. (3) 하도급대금 조정에 관한 기준을 명확히 하기 위하여 건설표준하도급계약조건에서 사용되고 있는 불확정 개념인 단가, 낙찰률 등 용어의 정의를 명확히 하였다. (4) 수급인의 귀책으로 인해 발생하는 연장비용의 부담은 수급인이 부담하도록 하여 부담의 주체를 명확히 하고 연장비용의 산정기준으로 재정 경제부 제정 실비산정규정을 적용하여야 한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2014

This study explores the prescribing pattern of generic drugs and the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the use of generics in South Korea. The analysis was based on claims data of 2011 from Korean National Health Insurance. We examined utilization, costs, and market share of oral preparations by original and generic product. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the predictive factors of generic use among multi-source medications. Generics accounted for 37~41% of utilization and 34~41% of costs in the insured market of oral preparations. In the generic market, costly generics made up about 58~61%, 56~66% of volume and value, respectively. Other things being equal, institutional factors affected generic use to the largest degree. The odds of having generics were 6 times higher in clinics, 4 times higher in hospitals, and 1.7 times higher in general hospitals than in teaching hospitals. Those in metropolitan or rural area were more likely to prescribe generics than those in the capital area. While generics were frequently prescribed for off-site pharmacy (OR=1.173), the odds of having generics was 0.88 after weighting the data by units prescribed. This study empirically presented the pattern of generic prescribing, confirming the widely accepted view that costly generics were more likely to be utilized in the Korean market. Up to two thirds of the generic market consisted of costly products. The strongest factors affecting generic use were institutional variables.