• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.371-382
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses following acute and chronic Nurida-ball exercise to measure the relative exercise intensity and health-related fitness in middle-aged men. In study 1, eight middle-aged men carried out acute Nurida-ball exercise for 30 min. The physiological responses were normalized and compared with a graded treadmill exercise test (GXT) to evaluate the relative exercise intensity. In study 2, twelve middle-aged men were divided into two groups: Nurida-ball exercise group (NB, n=6) and control group (CON, n=6). NB group performed the Nurida-ball exercise for 8 weeks (30min/day, 3 days/week). And then, we measured the body composition, cardiovascular factors, blood lipid factors, and muscle damage markers to confirm the exercise efficiency. In study 1, the related exercise intensity of acute Nurida-ball is the range of GXT-HRpeak (55~85%) and $GXT-VO_2peak$(23~61%). The change in body fat-related factors was significantly lower in the NB compared to the CON group. Moreover, TC and LDL were decreased whereas BMC was increased in the NB group after Nurida-ball exercise. The change in VEpeak and performance time of GXT were significantly greater in the NB compared to the CON group. The performance time of GXT was increased in the NB group after Nurida-ball exercise. Our results indicated that Nurida-ball exercise would be effective equipment for the improvement of health-related fitness. Especially, Nurida-ball exercise can affect body composition and cardiovascular function, which might alleviate metabolic syndrome-related diseases in middle-aged men.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.417-418
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• 2009

웹이 대중화되면서, 사용자 계층도 어린이, 노인, 장애인 등으로 다양해졌다. 인지적, 신체적 특징에 상관없이 모든 사람에게 동등한 웹 기회를 제공하고 있는가를 나타내는 지표가 웹 접근성이다. 웹 사이트들이 특정 수준의 웹 접근성을 준수하도록 유도하기 위해 W3C(World Wide Web Consourtium)의 WAI(Web Accessiability Initiative)는 웹 콘텐츠 접근성 가이드라인 WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guideliens)를 개발하였다. 현재, WCAG2.0까지 발표된 가이드라인은, 4개의 원칙(Principle), 12개의 지침(Guideline), 그리고 61개의 성공기준(Success Criteria)으로 구성 되어 있다. 평가자들은 WCAG2.0에서 제시하는 성공 기준에 맞춰, 웹 사이트가 웹 접근성을 어느 수준으로 준수하고 있는지 평가한다. 하지만, WCAG2.0을 기준으로 웹 사이트를 평가할 경우, 성공기준의 준수여부는 평가가 가능하지만, 특정 사용자 집단의 특성을 반영한, 우선순위가 포함되지 않아, 특정 사용자 집단을 위한 개선 사항을 도출하는데 어려움이 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 고려하여 WCAG2.0 기반의, 특정 사용 집단을 위한 웹 접근성 평가 모델을 제안한다. 사용자 특성에 따라 성공지침들의 중요도가 달라 질 수 있으므로, AHP 기법을 활용하여 성공지침들의 상대적 중요도를 평가하고, 우선순위화 하였다. 평가 모델의 효용성을 입증하기 위해, 특정 사용집단으로 노인 집단을 선정하여, 웹 접근성 평가 모델을 개발하였다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.963-979
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify frailty profiles based on physical, psychological, and social domains of functioning and to examine the associated factors showing the differences among frailty profiles. Respondents were 70 years and older(n=403) and latent class analysis was applied to determine the optimal subgroups based on Tilberg Frailty Indicators which comprised of three domains(the physical, psychological, and social domain). Also, we performed multinominal logistic regression analysis to find out factors making differences among frailty profiles. Latent class analysis(LCA) identified three distinct types: multi-frail type(27.0%), psychologically frail type(26.8%), inadequate support type(46.2%). All three types had common difficulties in dealing with daily life problems and did not receive enough help with theses difficulties. Based on the results of the LCA three-class models, people in multi-frail type accumulated problems in physical and psychological domains and had partially social domain. On the other hands, psychologically frail type showed a relatively high anxiety disorder and depression. Lastly, people in inadequate support type reported the lack of helps, but they were relatively healthy. Comparing these groups with inadequate support type, people with multi-frail had lower educational level, poor nutritional management status and were less likely to participate in labor market. People in psychologically frail type were more likely to be male, to live in big cities rather than middle and small cities, and less likely to smoke. Based on these results, our results showed the multifaceted concept of frailty among Korean elderly people and we suggested several implications for preventing frail process.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aging process on the immunity in human subjects. In this investigation, nineteen families of three generations (daughters on college age, their mothers, and grandmothers) participated to avoid genetic variation among individuals. Dietary food records, anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessments of serum nutrients were used to evaluate the nutritional status of subjects. The immune parameters of subjects were assessed by the total and differential WBC count. Total B and T lymphocytes, and T cell subsets were quantified by flowcytometer. Serum immunoglobulin G, A, M concentrations were also measured as an index of humoral immunity. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Along with the aging process, body fat was found to be increased whereas lean body mass and total body water were diminished. Since there were no significant difference in serum vitamin E levels in all age groups, serum retinal concentrations tended to decrease as one gets old. 2. Although total number of T lymphocytes seemed to be unchanged, B lymphocytes and NK cell numbers were increased by aging. The Percentage of CD8 + lymphocytes was lower in the elderly subjects compared with the younger, resulting in higher ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + lymphocytes in the elderly. Serum Ig G and Ig A levels remained unchanged, but IgM levels were significantly decreased as the age processes continue. Taking all together, it could be suggested that the alteration of immune cell population by aging is selective and possibly nonage factors such as nutrition may be attributable to the change of immunity in the elderly. The nutritional status and aging process may selectively affect both the cell-mediated (CD8 +, CD4 + CD8 + ratio, NK cell) and humoral (B lymphocyte, Immunoglobulin M, G) immune parameters in human subjects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-206
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• 2016

Pedestrian performance measurement has generally used the average values of pedestrian volumes and speeds from a sample, although each individual's pedestrian behavior of the sample is mainly affected by his/her socio-economic and physical characteristics. In particular, if such individual characteristics of the sample have wide variations, the average values are hard to be representative. In this respect, this study found that a platoon of pedestrians had a major effect on their pedestrian flows on sidewalks. The more platoons was mixed on pedestrian roads, the lower pedestrian flow rate was. The indexes such as a pedestrian flow rate and an occupancy space are typically calculated by pedestrian volumes in a given period of time regardless of the existence of a platoon. However, it is plausible that a pedestrian speed and a level of pedestrian congestion can be different under the equal amount of pedestrian volumes. Therefore, this study suggested criteria for determining level of service for pedestrian considering platoon effects and confirmed that two places had different pedestrian LOSs because of the platoon effects, even if they showed the same pedestrian flow rate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.480-489
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• 2017

Blood flow restriction(BFR) exercise is defined as low intensity and short term exercise using pneumatic pressure belts at the top of limbs, which affects the physiological functions of the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of walking exercise with BFR on inflammatory index, isokinetic muscle function, and thigh circumference in obese women. Eleven obese women(> BMI $25kg/m^2$ & > body fat 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts on both femurs and performed walking exercise twice per day, 3 days/wk for 4 weeks (walking 2 min; resting 1 min). Data analysis was carried out using paired t-test. Body weight, BMI, and body fat significantly decreased after exercise(p<.05), and right thigh circumference significantly decreased(p<.05). The concentration of plasma IL-6 significantly increased(p<.05) after exercise. TNF-${\alpha}$ level was not statistically different but tended to slightly increase. CRP slightly decreased, although it did not reach statistical significance after exercise. Muscle strength significantly increased in the $60^{\circ}/sec$ of right/left side extension, left side flexion, and $180^{\circ}/sec$ of left side extension after training(p<.05). These results suggest that 4 weeks of blood flow restriction walking exercise has positive effects on inflammatory index and isokinetic muscle function. Therefore, we consider that blood flow restriction exercise can be used for treatment of obesity, related chronic diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Further, blood flow restriction exercise for a short time has similar effects as a high intensity resistance program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.534-545
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• 2020

In the super-aged societies, an increased elderly population living in solitude has been causing many problems. Since the elderly may incur a sense of loss and interest in suicide when living alone, this study investigated the effects of smartphones as well as types of living arrangements on elderly peoples' sense of loss and suicidal thoughts. This study found social roles and relationships were lower for older individuals using smartphones than those using 2G phones. Not surprisingly, those living with family members or a partner had significantly fewer suicidal thoughts than those living in solitude. However, our results indicate subjects' loss of role and relationships was affected more significantly by their smartphone usage (2G phone vs. smartphone) rather than their living arrangements (i.e., living with family or a partner vs. living in solitude). Moreover, smartphone users showed a lower sense of loss in terms of social roles and relationships. Among the elderly, loss of health, social role, and relationships were identified as precedents for increased suicidal thoughts; yet, economic capacity was surprisingly not an indicator of suicidal thoughts.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

Purpose : Obesity is, along with metabolic syndrome, closely related with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study tried to evaluate the prevalence of nonalcoholic liver disease in obese children and verify the factors associated with the disease. Methods : Two hundred and seventy nine children who showed a body mass index of 95 percentile over the baseline in health examinations of surrounding schools were evaluated. Questionnaires, body measurements, blood examinations, and ultrasonographic measurements of abdominal fat were examined. Results : Out of 279 children enrolled for the study, 27 children were found to possess nonalcoholic liver disease(9.7%). Among those found to be positive for nonalcoholic liver disease, it's prevalence increased to 15.2%(22 out of 144 children) among children with severe obesity. Factors known to be involved with metabolic syndrome, namely waist/hip circumference ratio and thickness of abdominal fat, were found to be closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver as well. Conclusion : The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in obese children was 9.7%, with higher incidence observable in severer obesity. Factors responsible for metabolic syndrome were closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the level of insulin resistance, which is an useful index in both diseases, can be utilized in evaluation of the effect of treatment and control of risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2023

Objectives : Depressive disorder and anxiety disorder frequently co-occur, even at sub-threshold level. This study aims to identify network structure of co-morbid depression and anxiety at symptom level in nonclinical population and to reveal the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the co-morbidity. Methods : This study was based on 2022 Asan Youth Mental Health Screening. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms of 810 young adult participants from community sample. Network structure of co-morbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was estimated by Isingfit model. Results : Depressed mood, Restlessness and Nervousness were the most central symptoms in the network. Bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression were Restlessness and Irritability. Conclusions : This study revealed key central symptoms and bridge symptoms of co-morbid depression and anxiety in nonclinical population and provided potential insight for treatment targets to reduce co-morbidity.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-70
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• 2018

Recently with the entrance to the aging society, the demand on health care services is being increased. However, there are still few GUI types of research considering the characteristics of new-silver generation progressively preparing for their golden(old) age. As the new-silver generation showed less reluctance to the information acquired through the Internet comparing to general seniors, but it is urgent to conduct researches about GUI of mobile healthcare services considering their physical, psychological and social characteristics. Hence, the purpose of this study was to propose some guidelines of GUI evaluation so that new-silver generation being emerged as main consumer group in future medical consumption could efficiently use mobile health care services. As the research methods, first, this study analyzed the characteristics of new-silver generation through reviewing literature and previous studies and understood the status quo of mobile health care services, and second, it analyzed the visual composition factors being preferred in each field of current mobile healthcare application and drew out a usability evaluation matrix of mobile GUI design appropriate for elderly people's characteristics. Third, with the drawn evaluation matrix, this study conducted the usability evaluation of 8 subjects in new-silver generation ranging from 57 years old to 65 years old through a heuristic way. This study expects that it would be contributed in increasing the GUI usability by proposing some guidelines for GUI being appropriated for new-silver generation user's characteristics, and thinks that researches about developing health-care mobile applications will be continued in future at the same time.