• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

In this study, Biodegradable masterbatch (M/B) was prepared by different kinds and content of biodegradable catalysts added to oxo biodegradable plastics. The bio film was prepared by adding biodegradable M/B to the polyethylene pellet, and the change of physical properties by UV and heat treatment and the stability as food packaging material were confirmed. As a result of the physical property change, Fe salt and Al salt bio film was superior to Ni salt bio film about a decrease in physical property. However, considering the raw material cost and industrial availability, M/B containing Fe salt was selected and additional experiments were conducted by concentration. The bio films prepared with Fe salt M/B 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% showed excellent physical properties.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

Purpose : Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are the worldwide public health problem. Obesity is an already well-established risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between high BMI and increased risk for nephropathy by clinical data. Methods : Study group were 26 patients who had $BMI{\geq}25\;kg/m^2$ and control group were 49 patients with BMI<$25\;kg/m^2$. Both groups received renal biopsy in Kyung Hee Medical Center between 2003. Jan.-2007. Dec. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height when they were admitted to the hospital. We collected laboratory data such as CBC and blood chemistry. Results : Our hypothesis was that overweight and obesity are associated with incidence and progression of CKD. From kidney biopsy, we found IgAN 17, MesPGN 5, HSPN 2, Intestitial nephritis 1, IgMN 1 (total 26) in the study group whereas IgAN 22, MesPGN 17, HSPN 3, MGN 3, benign hematuria 2, MPGN 1, Intestitial nephritis 1, (total 49) were found in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Overweight patients demonstrated significantly higher platelet, TG, ALT, and uric acid level compared to control group. Conclusion : We identified a significant relationship between overweight and development of CKD. These results suggest that overweight children have an increased risk for CKD than those who are not obese. So, we should pay attention to children with overweight who have CKD and earlier weight management is crucial to prevent aggravation of CKD.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

White-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has been traditionally used for diabetes treatment and management in many countries. In this experiment, methanol extract of white-skinned sweet potato (WSPMe) at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight was tested to evaluate its effect on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Its efficacy was compared with that of insulin secretogogue, glimepiride ($50\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The WSPMe and glimepiride were administered orally for 14 days and the effects on glucose, renal markers including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxide (LPO) level, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activities in kidney were studied. An increase in BUN, creatinine, LDH, glucose, LPO levels and decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx and GST features were observed in diabetic control rats. Administration of WSPMe at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused a significant improvement in blood glucose, LPO level, renal markers, lipid peroxidation markers and increased antioxidant levels in diabetic kidney. In conclusion, the WSPMe was found to be effective in reducing oxidative stress, thus confirming the ethnopharmacological use of I. batatas L. in protecting diabetes and its complications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.582-586
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on serum lipids and kidney function in middle-aged T2DM patients. Subjects participated in aerobic exercise training during 8 wk. They started with an exercise intensity of $HR_{max}$ 60-75%, 20~45 minutes per day, 3~5 times a week. The results were compared to the baseline after 8 weeks. After the 8-week aerobic exercise routine, the body fat percentage and fasting glucose were significantly decreased, and the total cholesterol (TC) andtriglycerides (TG) were significantly decreased. Additionally, kidney function (Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN], uric acids, and creatinine) was not significantly changed. In conclusion, a regular 8-week aerobic exercise training routine may improve serum lipids; however, kidney function (BUN, uric acids, and creatinine) did not change in middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM in diabetic nephropathy patients.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.185-197
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of the squalene against the lead toxicity and recovery of renal failure. Healthy male ICR mice were used for experiment. The activity of nitric oxide (NO) was observed after the intraperitoneal injection in mice. The ultrastructural changes of the kidney were observed after the intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate in mice. The experimental groups were divided into three groups. Group 1 was normal mouse. Group 2 was not treatment with squalene after intraperitoneal contamination of lead acetate (30 mg/kg). And, Group 3 was injected squalene (180 mg/kg) after intraperitoneal contamination of lead acetate. All groups were used to 10 mice. The results were as follow: In the case of the group 2, swelling of the outer membrane and destruction of the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria, dripping of the ribosomes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum were happened at 24 hours and 48 hour. These were gradually reparied after 72 hours. In the case of the group 3, damages of the mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were showed less than the group 2 at 24 hours. Especially, after 48 hours, these were almost same as the group 1. In the case of group 2, the level of NO was decreased. However, In the case of group 3, the level of NO was increased more than normal as well as repaired the decreased NO level by Pb (P<0.05). It was concluded that the squalene was the protective and recovery effects for the toxicity of the lead in the renal proximal tubules.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.525-534
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• 1998

신장 근위세뇨관세포들은 사구체에서 여과된 물질의 재흡수, 분비 및 대사에 관여하는 여러 호르몬들의 수용체들을 가지고 있다. 이들중에서 norepinephrine(NE)과 angiotensin II(ANG II)는 $Na^{+}/H^+$ 상호운반계를 조절함으로써 혈압조절에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이들의 상호관계에 대해선 연구보고가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 초대배양한 토끼신장 근위세뇨관세포를 이용한 $Na^+$ uptake 실험을 통하여 NE이 어떠한 수용체를 통하여 $Na^{+}/H^+$ 상호운반계를 조절하는지 그리고 이러한 작용에 있어서 NE과 ANG II의 상호관계를 알아보고자 실시하였다. NE(>$10^{-9}M$)은 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 증가시켰다($10^{-9}M$ NE : $27{\pm}4%$ increase vs. Control;p < 0.05). $\alpha$ 길항제(phentolamine, $10^{-10}M$)는 NE($10^{-9}M$)에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 차단하였으나 (phentolamine+NE : $29{\pm}5%$ inhibition vs. NE ; p〈 0.05), ${\alpha}_1$ (pra-zosin, $10^{-10}M$) 및 ${\alpha}_2$ 길항제(yohimbine, $10^{-10}M$)는 부분적으로 차단하였다. ${\beta}$ 길항제(propra-nolol, $10^{-10}M$)도 역시 NE에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 차단하였으나(propranolol+NE : $24{\pm}6%$ inhibition vs. NE ; p< 0.05), ${\beta}_1$(atenolol, $10^{-10}M$) 및 ${\beta}_2$ 길항제(butoxamine, $10^{-10}M$)는 부분적으로 차단하였다. 이러한 결과들은 NE에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake 증가작용은 ${\alpha}$(${\alpha}_1$ 및 ${\alpha}_2$ )와 ${\beta}$(${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$) 수용체 모두를 통하여 일어난다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. ANG II($10^{-11}M$) 또는 NE(${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\beta}_1$, ${\beta}_2$ 작동제) 단독처리군의 $Na^+$ uptake는 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 (ANG II : $23{\pm}9%$ increase vs. Control; p < 0.05), 병합처리시 상승작용은 나타나지 않았다. ${\alpha}$ 또는 ${\beta}$ 길항제 처리시 NE 및 ANG II에 의해 유도되었던 $Na^+$ uptake 증가는 유의성 있게 차단되었다(phentolamine+NE+ANG II : $25{\pm}3%$ inhibition, propranolol+NE+ANG II : $24{\pm}6%$ inhibition vs. NE+ANG II, respectively ; p〈 0.05). 이 결과들은 $Na^+$ uptake에 있어서 ${\alpha}$(${\alpha}_1$ 및 ${\alpha}_2$)와 ${\beta}$(${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$) 수용체와 ANG II의 관련성을 시사해 준다. 결론적으로 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포에서 NE은 ${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\beta}_1$ 및 ${\beta}_2$ 수용체를 통하여 $Na^+$+ uptake를 증가시켰으며 이들 수용체는 ANG II $Na^+$ uptake 증가작용에 관여하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 1996

저수준레에저요법에 대해서는 지난 10여년간 의학계 및 치과계에서 임상적으로 사용하여 좋은 결과가 있다고 많은 보고가 발표되고 있다. 특히 치근의 골결손에 관한 연구에서는 전기요법, 초음파요법, 전자장요법 등 뿐만아니라 저수준레이저를 사용하여 골절부내 Callus형성이 촉진되었음을 보고하고 새로운 치료법의 하나가 될 수 있음을 제안한 바도 있다. 본 연구에서는 칼륨비소를 다이오드로 사용한 저수준레이저조사가 골결손의 치유에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 골모세포의 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화와 석회화결절의 형성을 평가함으로 골모세포의 기능을 조사코저하였다. 실험은 첫째, 9개군으로 나누어 레이저 조사기간에 따른 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화를 조사하였고, 둘째, 이를 근거로 9일간 계속 매일 1회 1.3 J/cm2의 레이저를 조사한 후 펄스의 종류별 차이를 비교하였으며, 세째,레이저펄스별 석회차 결절의 형성 정도를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 결과, 7일 계속 레이저를 조사한 경우 다른 군에 비해 서서히 ALP의 활성이 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며. 따라서 9일동안 레이저를 계속 조사한 경우에는 전체 에너지량이 5.895 J/cm2 인 펄스13과 15가 뚜렷하게 유의한 증가를 보여주었다. 그러나 석회화결절의 형성은 전체 에너지량이 2.546 J/cm2 인 펄스11에서 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 골형성이나 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진하는 데에는 적절한 레이저 조사조건이 필요하나, 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진한 펄스와 석회화결절의 형성을 촉진하는 펄스가 서로 다르게 나타난 것은 골형성을 촉진하는 여러요인 들이 저수준레이저에 자극받았을 가능성이 높음을 보여준다 이러한 결과들로 보아 저수준레이저는 골모세포의 기능을 자극하여 골결손의 치유를 개선하는 데 도움될 것이라 사료된다.다. 각 백서의 양측 창상중 하나는 1,3,5,7일 마다 각 실험의 방법에 따라 레이저를 조사하고 실험동물의 다른 창상은 대조군으로서 사용하였다. 모든 창상의 면적은 실험 1,3,5,7 일째에 일정한 거리에서 사진촬영하여 면적계를 이용, 측정한 후 통계적인 의의를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 저수준레이저는 특정 조건하에서 S. aureus의 증식을 촉진하였다. 그러나 S. aureus에 감염된 창상을 저수준레이저로 조사시 치유가 촉진되었다. 중앙 조사법고 주변조사법에 의한 창상치유효과는 통계적인 의의가 보이지 않았다. 따라서 결론적으로 S. aureus 에 감염된 창상에 직접 또는 간접적이든 pulse의 종류에 관계없이 조사하는 경우 치유효과가 나타나는 것은 정사주위 조직의 LLLI 자극효과가 염증의 확산을 억제한다고 말할수 있다.4/1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Shoa-Nan-Tsan과 Lenkwang이 가장 높았으며 백앙벼는 3 온도 조건 모두에서 활성이 낮았다. 발아소요일수와 amylase 활성과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다., 다다조, 미국의 건답직파재배 품종 등이었으며 우리 나라 육성종들은 모두 지중에서 신장이 멈추어 제1본엽이 지중에서 추출하였으며, Scm파종심에서 불완전엽이 지면을 뚫고 나오는 품종은 Chinsura Boro뿐이었고 Nato, Labelle, Weld Pally, Italliconaverneco 등도 지면 가까이 까지 신장하였다. 6. 50% 출아일수는 제2절간장을 제외 한 모든 유아 형질의 신장도와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였는데 가장 높은 상관을 보인 것은 중배축장＋제1절간장＋불완전옆장이었으며, 다음이 불완전엽장이 었다. 7. 출아율은 중배축장+제1절간장＋불완전엽장, 중배축장＋초엽 장과 모든 파종심에서 높은 정의 상관을 보여 제1본엽의 추출 위치가 높을수록

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 1988

This study was to obtain effect of stem leading time and angles on the growing and flowering in climbing rose. The results were as follows : In the rambler type, climber type and pillar type, differences of bud size were decreased between upper ports and lower parts as leading angles were close to the horizon. And bud type was like a long-egg shape. regardless of growing type, differences of stets diameter between upper parts and lower parts were decreased when the angles were leaded horizon. In order to increase rate of shooting and flowering, regardless of leading time, rambler type was shooted in a short period and flowered evenly, from upper to lower parts of stem as leading angles were horizon. But in the case of 45$^{\circ}$, the rate of lower parts was nearly zero. In climber type, shooting and flowering was only happened to the lower parts of stem when leaded during growth stage according to leaded horizon. These phenomena are supposed that shooting and flowering rate are influenced by not only apical dominance but degree of bud growth. Meanwhile, pillar type was shooted and flowered evenly to lower parts when the stem was leaded during growth stage or not leaded completely. But in creeper type, there was no connection with the leading. Therefore, this type had better not leaded. Length of flowering stem, regardless of growing type, was equaled when leaded during growth stage according to leaded horizon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Gu-Gi-Ja tea on plasma hormone such as renin and aldosterone water in cadmium administered rats. The cadmium administered rats were given 50 ppm and 100 ppm of CdCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were divided into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed standard diet without cadmium. The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm cadmium and Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The results of this study were as follows; food intake, body weight gain and kidney weight content in cadmium administered groups were lower than those in Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The contents of cadmium in kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrcphotometer). In kidney accumulation of Gu-Gi-Ja tea groups were lower than those in cadmium administered group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was increased by cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. This results suggested that Gu-Gi-Ja tea has a lowering effects on the accumulation of cadmium in kidney and it is believed that the Gu-Gi-Ja tea has some protective effects to cadmium administered lenin and aldosterone hormone in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Cement
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• s.198
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• pp.45-65
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• 2013

1970년대 중후반 경제개발 5개년계획의 시작과 함께 시멘트산업은 다시 도약기를 맞게 된다. 정부의 지속적인 공업화 정책에 따라 사회간접자본의 확충을 위한 도로, 항만, 댐 건설 등에 주력하면서 시멘트 수요가 크게 늘어났다. 특히 1968년 경부 고속도로의 착공 이후 공장신설과 신규 주택건설 등 각 부분에서 수요가 급속도로 늘어나 시멘트 생산시설의 확충도 급진전됐다. 이렇듯 1970년대에는 우리나라가 여러 어려운 여건 하에서도 도전을 통해 시련을 극복하고 마침내 획기적인 국력신장을 성취한 도약의 시기였다. 특히 1970년대를 거치며 이룩한 우리나라의 괄목할만한 성장은 세계를 놀라게 하는 것이었다.