• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2014

This study is to investigate neuro-anatomical correlation between neuropsychological results and cerebral cortex thickness of cognitive ability in the brain MRI targeting the patients with mild cognitive impairment. It was that 78 people who were diagnosed as first Parkinson's disease followed by neuropsychological screening battery(Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: 39 people; Parkinson's disease with normal cognition: 39 people) and 32 people of normal group were selected. Correlation between mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive impairment and correlation between neuropsychological screening battery and cerebral cortex thickness in the brain MRI were performed by independent sample t-test or Pearson correlation coefficient and then level of significance of collected data was verified in p<0.05. As a result, cerebral cortex thickness of the Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment in both side precuneas and right inferiortemporal lobe had statistically significant decrease. In addition, function of visuospatial ability, verbal and visual memory was reduced in neuropsychological screening battery for cognitive assessment. Especially, there was correlation between neuropsychological screening battery of verbal and visual memory anatomical left precuneus.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2016

Leonardo da Vinci is remembered as the greatest genius of the Renaissance. He left outstanding achievements as an artist, scientist and inventor, and contributes up to today's science. He ranks the best in a variety of fields, such as botany, mathematics, geology, astronomy, geometry and optics. It has well known that Leonardo is an artist, scientist, inventor and philosopher. And he was a great anatomist that dissected dead bodies and animals directly and left many anatomical drawings. He took an interest in anatomy from the point of view of the artist, which is why the human body structure and function to know the sakes were "ignorant of the anatomy should not be upset." Over time, he became interested in the structure and function of the body, even get the human body in a difficult environment; he dissected many the human bodies directly. His scientific inquiry and infatuation made him as an advanced pioneer for more than 100 years, and got enough level to surpass the artistry. Leonardo left about 1,800 anatomical figures of the muscular, skeletal, vascular, nervous and urogenital system, and they are also very scientific and high artistic achievements. The aim of this article is to take a look at Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical achievements and thoughts. In addition, the goal is to knowledge today's anatomists about Leonardo da Vinci's astonishing achievements as a great pioneer in anatomy.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.393-401
• /
• 2019

The shoulder pain is one of the most common problems to orthopaedic surgeons in clinic. Among therapeutic modality used to manage this pain, joint and periarticular injection, as well as suprascapular nerve block, show good clinical outcome. Ultrasound guidance is a safe technique, increasing the safety and accuracy of the procedure and reducing complications. An accurate understanding of the surface anatomy is important in performing the ultrasound-guided shoulder injections. This article aims to describe the surface anatomy and sono anatomy of both the shoulder and the surrounding structures and also summarize different infiltration techniques and peripheral nerve blocks.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.118-118
• /
• 1997

갑상피열근이나 피열근에 대하여 상후두신경과 반회후두신경의 이중지배(dual supply)는 오랜동안 논란이 되어왔다. 특히 피열근에 분포하는 신경은 반회후두신경의 피열분지에 의해 지배되며 또한 상후두 신경의 내지의 일부인 ramus preforantes에 의해서도 이중지배를 받는다고 알려져왔다. 그러나 한편 이러한 피열근의 운동신경지배 중 상후두신경의 역할에 대해서 적지않은 보고가 후두의 신경해부학적인 고찰 및 전기적 자극을 통한 연구에서 단지 피열근 근처에서 twig을 형성할 뿐, 직접적인 운동지배 현상은 보이지않음을 입증하여 피열근은 오직 반회후두신경에 의해서만 실질적으로 운동지배된다고 주장하였다. 저자는 양측 반회후두신경을 절단한 개 모델에서 피열근에 대하여 HRP 역행성 착색법 후 뇌간에서 살펴본 결과 후두의 운동신경원인의 핵에서 양성으로 표현되는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 상후두신경의 내지에 대하여 운동신경섬유의 표식자로 여겨질 수 있는 Cholineacetyl transferase(CHAT) 면역염색을 시행한 결과 피열근의 운동신경에 상후두신경이 괸여함을 알 수 있었다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2001

Auditory hallucinations are cardinal feature of psychosis. But the mechanism of hallucinated speech is unknown. The hypothesis that these hallucinations arise from pathologically altered brain monitoring system underlying speech perception is influential. With the help of rapidly developing neuroimaging study technologies, many researchers have been finding new organic deficits in the hallucinated schizophrenic patient's brain. In this article, we reviewed the general appearance of hallucination, a computer simulation model of hallucination and several neuroimaging study findings on hallucinating schizophrenic patients. In conclusion, we presented the presumptive mechanism of hallucination based on the anatomical dysfunction of schizophrenia.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 1996

후두근의 운동지배신경에 관하여 일반적으로 알려진 사실은 윤상갑상근이 상후두신경의 의지에 의하여 지배되는 것 외에는 모든 후두내근이 반회후두신경에 의하여 지배된다는 것이다. 이중에서 갑상피열근이나 피열근에 대하여 상후두신경과 반회후두신경의 이중지배(dual supply)는 오랜동안 논란이 되어왔다. 특히 피열근에 분포하는 신경은 반회후두신경의 피열분지에 의하여 지배되며 또한 상후두신경의 내지의 일부인 ramus porforantes에 의해서도 이중지배를 받는다고 알려져 왔다. 그러나 한편 이러한 피열근의 운동신경지배 중 상후두신경의 역할에 대해서 적지 않은 보고가 후두의 신경해부학적인 고찰 및 전기적 자극을 통한 연구에서 단지 피열근 근처에서 twig을 형성할 뿐, 직접적인 운동지배 현상은 보이지 않음을 입증하여 피열근은 오직 반회후두신경에 의하여 운동지배된다고 주장하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1984

구강점막 각 부위의 지각신경의 특징은 근년 생리학적 연구의 중요한 대상이 되어왔다. 일반적으로 생리학적 기능은 연령과 더불어 감소된다는 소견이 구강점막에서도 적용된다고 하나 이에대한 형태학적 지견을 중심으로 볼 때 그러한 감소가 순전한 기능저하의 결과인지 혹은 지각신경의 해부학적 형태변화에 의한 것인지에 대해서는 분명하게 알려진 것이 없다. 본 논문은 Spraque-Dawely와 Fischer 344 두종의 숫자 20마리를 이용하여 각종을 6개월과 30개월의 연령으로 2군으로 나누어서 연령에 따른 구강점막내 신경섬유와 신경종말의 전자현미경적 특성의 변환을 관찰하고, 단위면적당 분포하고 있는 신경요소의 변화를 정량해 보았던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 구강점막에 분포하는 신경섬유와 신경종말의 전자현미경적 형태에 있어서는 젊은백서와 늙은백서 사이에 인정할 만한 질적 차이가 없었다. 2. 연령증가에 따라 구강점막의 상피내 간격에 존재하는 신경요소는 전반적으로 감소하였다. 3. 이와 같은 감소는 신경섬유보다 신경종말의 경우 더욱 현저하게 나타났다.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.145-145
• /
• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.81 no.3
• /
• pp.501-529
• /
• 2020

Because of the inherent complex anatomy and functional arrangement of the cranial nerves (CNs), neuroimaging of cranial neuropathy is challenging. With recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, the cause of cranial neuropathy can now be detected in many cases. As an active multidisciplinary team member of cranial neuropathy, it is essential for the neuroradiologist to be familiar with the detailed anatomy of the CNs on MRI. This review contains the basic MRI anatomy of CNs III-XII according to a segmental classification from the brain stem to the extracranial region. The optimal imaging options to best evaluate the specific segment of the CNs will also be discussed briefly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we investigate several important issues on the implementation of a totally implantable microsystem for brain-machine interface that has been attracting a lot of attention recently. So far most of the scientific research has been focused on the high performance, low power electronics or systems such as neural signal amplifiers and wireless signal transmitters, but the real application of the implantable microsystem is affected significantly by a number of factors, ranging from design of the encapsulation structure to physiological and anatomical characteristics of the brain. In this work, we discuss on the thermal effect of the system, the detecting volume of the neural probes, wireless data transmission and power delivery, and physiological and anatomical factors that are critically important for the actual implementation of a totally brain implantable neural interface microsystem.