• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2019

An accurate prediction of emotion is a very important issue for the sake of patient-centered medical device development and emotion-related psychology fields. Although there have been many studies on emotion prediction, no studies have applied the heart rate variability and neuro-fuzzy approach to emotion prediction. We propose ANFEP(Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy System for Emotion Prediction) HRV. The ANFEP bases its core functions on an ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) which integrates neural networks with fuzzy systems as a vehicle for training predictive models. To prove the proposed model, 50 participants were invited to join the experiment and Heart rate variability was obtained and used to input the ANFEP model. The ANFEP model with STDRR and RMSSD as inputs and two membership functions per input variable showed the best results. The result out of applying the ANFEP to the HRV metrics proved to be significantly robust when compared with benchmarking methods like linear regression, support vector regression, neural network, and random forest. The results show that reliable prediction of emotion is possible with less input and it is necessary to develop a more accurate and reliable emotion recognition system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2019

Although evaluation of writing disabilities identification and timely intervention are required, clinicians adopt a manual scoring method and there is a possibility of error due to subjective evaluation. In this study, the size ratio and position of letters are digitized and quantified through image processing of offline handwritten characters. We tried to evaluate objectively and accurately the performance of writing through comparison with existing methods. From November 12th to 16th, 2018, 20 adults without neurological injury were selected. They used a pencil to follow the 10 words, 2 sentence stimuli after keeping the usual habit, and we collected the writing test data. The results showed that the height of the word was 1.2 times larger than the width and it tilted to the lower left. The spacing interval was 9mm on average. In the Paired T test, a high correlation was showed between our system and existing methods in the word and sentence 2. This demonstrated the possibility as a testing tool. This study evaluated objectively and precisely writing performance of offline handwritten characters through image processing and provided preliminary data for performance standards. In the future, it can be suggested as a basic data on writing diagnosis of various ages.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2021

Degenerative disc disease has traditionally been thought of as low back pain caused by changes in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrous, in recent studies, however, changes in the upper and lower endplates cause degeneration of the disc, resulting in mechanical pressure, inflammatory reactions and low back pain. Recently, the bone marrow of the vertebral body-endplate-nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrous were considered as a single unit, and the relationship was explained. Once the endplate is damaged, it eventually aggravates the degeneration of the bone marrow, nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus. In this process, the compression force of the annulus fibrosus increases, and an inflammatory reaction occurs due to inflammatory mediators. Hence, the sinuvertebral nerves and the basivertebral nerves are stimulated to cause back pain. If these changes become chronic, degenerative changes such as Modic changes occur in the bone marrow in the vertebrae. Finally, in the case of degenerative intervertebral disc disease, the bone marrow of the vertebral body-endplate-nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrous need to be considered as a single unit. Therefore, when treating patients with chronic low back pain, it is necessary to consider the changes in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus and a lesion of the endplate.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2013

■ Objectives The goal of this pilot study is to observe the change of stroke gait by auditory cue training. ■ Methods An intracranial hemorrhage patient was trained for 4 weeks. For the 1^st consecutive 6days(the 1^st week), the patient was trained to walk with auditory cue, what was called auditory cue gait training condition. For the 2^nd consecutive 6days(the 2^nd week), the patient was trained to walk naturally without auditory cue, what was called free gait training condition. For the 3^rd consecutive 6days(the 3^rd week), the patient was trained to walk under auditory cue gait training condition. For the 4^th consecutive 6days(the 4^th week), the patient was trained to walk under free gait training condition. We analyzed the gait using a treadmill gait analysis system 3 hours after the 6^th gait training. ■ Results Auditory cue gait training showed effects on gait parameters, which were increasing walking velocity, step length, stride length, decreasing cadence, step time and stride time. ■ Conclusion Auditory cue gait training improved gait parameters of a stroke patient.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2002

Background: To investigate the role of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in moxibustion-induced immunomodulation, the effects of chemical sympathectomy on moxibustion-induced changes in splenic NK cell cytotoxicity, T and B cell proliferation were studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Methods: Chemical sympathectomy was achieved with intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 50 mg/kg/day for 3 successive days. Direct moxibustion (6-minute interval, 9 moxa ball, each of which weighing 0.007 g and burning for 40 seconds) was applied on unilateral anterior tibial muscle region where Zusanli (ST36) acupoint is located, once a day for 7 successive days. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by $4hr-^{51}Cr$ release assay. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was analyzed by [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay. Results: NK cell cytotoxicity was suppressed by moxibustion, more in sympathectomized rats than in vehicle-treated rats. T cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A was not affected by moxibustion. B cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide showed no significant change in vehicle-treated rats, but an increase in sympathectomized rats by moxibustion. Sympathectomy alone induced augmentation of NK cell cytotoxicity and suppression of T cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that SNS has no direct relation with moxibution-induced immunomodulation but has an important role in the mechanism to keep the homeostasis of immune system by tonically inhibiting excessive changes of various immune components.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2020

Unilateral neglect is associated with stroke, a neurological disorder caused by cerebrovascular injury, and is a symptom of not recognizing or responding to the opposite stimulus of the cerebral hemisphere, mainly in the right cerebral hemisphere injury. In this paper, we implemented contents using Virtual Reality based on 10 items and contents of Korean Catherine Bergego Scale(K-CBS), which is used as a behavioral evaluation scale for unilateral neglect. Implemented contents can evaluate body disregard, motility disregard, visual and spatial disregard, auditory attention, etc., which are symptoms of unilateral neglected patients, and can confirmed progression of disease quantitatively by measuring time and rotation angle of head during visual recognition. This method is expected to be useful for rehabilitation training using convenient unilateral neglect diagnosis and its applied contents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2005

This study assigns each 8 of 24 normal persons to control group(Group I), strength increase group(Group II) and endurance increase group(Group III) to analyze differences in changes of strength and endurance with surface electromyography and kinetics according to application modes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES). Group I had not any treatment, group II performed 15 repeated contraction with 60% intensity of maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) by setting 10-sec on time and 50-sec off time and group III conducted 30 repeated contraction with 30% intensity of MVIC by setting 10-sec on time and 20-sec off time. For neuromuscular electrical stimulation, 2,500 Hz of Russian current, 35 pps of pulse rate and 200 of pulse width. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was conducted by five times for total 4 weeks. Before and after experimentmotor unit action potential of vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were measured with sEMG, median frequency(MDF) was analyzed, and thus the following results were obtained. There was significant difference in the period of measuring vastus medialis and rectus femoris in change of MDF and interaction among groups with analysis of surface electromyography before and after neuromuscular electrical stimulation(p<.001) and in particular, there was a remarkable change among groups according to the period of measurement. In conclusion, NMES influenced changes of strength and endurance according to its application modes and in particular, it was found that strength increment application had a significant influence on strength increment in applying short-time NMES.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2003

The present studies are designed to determine whether the NMES can affect the muscle atrophy in rats following administration of steroid. Rats were divided into four groups: 1) Control group treated with administration of distilled water. 2) The group treated with administration of steroid. 3) The group treated with NMES once a day after adminstration of steroid. 4) The group treated with NMES twice a day after administration of steroid. The muscle atrophy was induced by one week administration of dexamethasone once a day by 3 mg/kg. The change in the structure of muscle fiber and the amount. of myofibril protein and gastrocnemius were determined after every week dissection of the tissues. The results were as follows; 1. The administration of steroid significantly affected the decrease in the weight, but NMES did not affect the inhibition of decrease in the weight. 2. The weight of gastrocnemius in the group once treated with NMES was changed two weeks later; similarly in the group twice treated with NMES significantly did two or three weeks later. These indicated that NMES affected the muscular activation of gastrocnemius(p<.05). 3. The changes in the amount of gastrocnemius protein by NMES might, indicate that NMES activated the capacity of synthesis of muscle fiber protein(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2002

Objectives : Acupuncture therapy is known as a effective method to CVA with paralysis. To make clear about effectiveness of acupuncture affecting to active and static postural adaptation for the patient with hemiparesis, we studied whether acupuncture changed ability of maintenance with one leg standing posture, and character of gait such as gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and base of support. Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 10 cases of CVA patient with hemiparesis. We treated patients with acupuncture for 4 weeks, estimated each paralytic leg and well leg before 1st treatment and after last treatment, and compared the change of one leg with the other. To estimate the change of ability of static postural adaptation, we checked the time of duration with one leg standing posture. And about active postural adaptation, we used temporal distance gait analysis with Ink-Foot-Print method. Results and Conclusions : In static postural adaptation, paralytic leg significantly improved the duration with one leg posture. And In active postural adaptation with gait analysis, paralytic leg showed significant improvement in stride length and step length. Base of support and cadence were also significantly improved.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2009

It can be used easily to reduce rehabilitation and treatment time if diagnostic and therapeutic devices are attached to cloth or body. Therefore we developed neuromuscular wearable ultra-miniature lighting modules which can improve the neuromuscular function and verified its clinical effectiveness. The system is based on the ultra-miniature lighting treatment module and there are two types of systems. One of them is designed as an attached type and the other type is combined with clothing. The wearable ultra-miniature lighting module is composed of controller (battery, MCU, bidirectional transmitter and receiver), cable, treatment medium generating device and other peripheral devices. To verify the clinical effectiveness of this device, we observed the difference of the strength of a muscle before and after 650nm and 25mW laser irradiation on the reflex point for 1 to 4 seconds. Among 48 patients having the degenerative osteoarthritis, the muscle strength before and after irradiation of laser was $21.8{\pm}7.99$ and $27.3{\pm}8.43$. According to the result, the muscle strength after treatment was significantly increased (p<0.01). To whom having difficulty in visiting to OPD(Out-Patient Department), doctors medically examine the patients and find the therapeutic point, attachment of this wearable ultra-miniature lighting module can function as self treatment (treating instrument) and treatment assist at home. If doctor can remotely control the patient and take part in treatment, the therapeutic device could contribute to prevention and care device.