• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.421-431
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• 2010

The hydromorphological structure assessment of the urban streams of Anyang stream, Yangjae stream, Osan stream, Jangsu stream, and Hakui stream 5 years the after close to nature stream restoration work was performed using LAWA (Laenderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser) for the investigation of the ecology of streams in urban areas. Based on the results, the effectiveness of stream restoration in urban areas was least in spite that existing various types of stream improvements were applied. Significantly, the grade of the longitudinal, the waterfront, and the use of land nearby waterfront was poorly evaluated. It would be estimated that this trend was due to the discontinuity of the longitudinal, the lack of diversity in waterfront, the installation of facilities nearby waterfront, and was due to the use of hard materials as like stones, blocks, frames, and mats in waterfront. The further studies on the implementation of structural diversity in waterfront should be performed for the improvement of the ecology of urban streams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1988

To analyze phytosociological characteristics of the Mt. Namsan nature park, Seoul, vegetation structure of north-east and south-west slopes, competition capability among species, vegetation structures of afforested species were studied with belt-transect and quadrat methods. And management plan of each vegetational zone was proposed by the results of this study and the other previous reports. Numbers of species and individuals of south-west slope were greater than those of north-east slope. But species diversity of northeast showed stability of 1.0, while that of south-west showed instability from 0.8 to 1.3. The floristic dissimilarity coefficient between two slopes showed 70-80% in which species composition between two slopes was much different. Quercus mongolica was a dominant species at north-east slope and Pinus densiflora at south-west slope. Competition capability among major species was resulted in deciduous trees>Robinia pseudoacacia>Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa>Pinais densiflora, Quercus mongolica>deciduous trees>Pinus densiflora. Afforested vegetation at the Mt. Namsan, especially Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, Picea abies, etc showed poor growth rate. The goal of the Nam-san nature park management is to conserve natural ecosystem as it is and, if necessary, to accerlerate restoration of the disturbed ecosytem to its nature by minimum energy input as possible. Management proposal was made for six vegetational management zone ; P. derasitZoru forest zone, Q. mongolica forest zone, deciduous forest zone, afforestation zone, R. pseduoacacia zone and landscape planting zone.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1984

Research was conducted in a minirotation plantation with four different planting densities at Tatae-ri, Chongwoon-myon, Yangpyong-gun, Kyonggi-do, to investigate the relation between volume and biomass production. Nine-year-old Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica analyzed to determine volume yield and weight equations for aboveground parts. The results suggest that the most suitable harvesting or thinning period at highly dense plots, more than 6,000 trees per hectare, is five years after planting, and the most fitted regression equation model for estimating aboveground biomass or total tree biomass is $logY=b_0+b_1logd^2h$.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

Road development is considered an important factor in invasion and dispersion of ailen plants by damaging the natural ecosystems and connecting the detached landscapes into long tubular structures. In this study, vegetation survey was carried out according to the topographical characteristics of cut slope, fill slope, and flat land at the construction site in order to understand the effect of road developemt on the change of the floristic composition of ailen plants. Road developement projects caused a lot of changes in annual and biennial alien plants because of continuous disturbances. Changes in species composition of alien plants decreased in the cut slope. On the other hand, the ailen palnts of the fill slope increased. The increase or decrease alien plants on flat land were identified depending on where it occurred, and no major trend was found. The cause of these change was driven by unintentionally introduced alien plants. In particular, the cut slope with a high occurence of unintentional ailen plants should not be used as a source of high-risk alien plants such as ecosystem disturbances. Since the transplanted species were intentionally planted by the landscape plan, it was possible to identify colonies from early stages and spread to the nearby flat land. Therefore, in order to minimize the impact of road slope vegetation on the surrounding ecosystem during and after road construction, it is suggested to plant high viability plants in the landscape design during the environmental impact assessment consultation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.400-414
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• 2007

This study has analyzed the vegetation structure to suggest a vegetation ecological restoration model by using the case of the afforestation for erosion control area with Pinus koreaiensis and Betula platyphylla, etc., on the hills of the Young-in mountains after its great fire in 2000. Of the area having a dimension of $1,152,404.3m^2$ selected as a survey site for the existing vegetation, the forest fire area accounted for 69.2% among which, brushwoods accounted the most for 24.67%. As a result of analysis of the 27 surveyed unit plots[unit dimension: $100m^2$] set up in consideration of the existing vegetation pattern and damaged state from the forest fire, the surveyed area was classified into 10 communities. Shrub layer's vegetation was found to be dominant in forest fire areas and the surveyed sites were classified into 5 plant communities, i.e. P. koraiensis community, Quercus variabilis community, P. thunbergii community, Q. serrata community, B. platyphylla community in forest fire areas, while non-forest fire areas were classified into 5 plant communities, such as P. densiflora community, Q. acutissima community, Q. serrata community, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community, B. platyphylla community. Species diversity of forest fire areas was $0.3679{\sim}0.5907$ and that of non-forest fire areas was $0.5728{\sim}0.8865$. In addition, the number of the species in the forest fire areas was $5{\sim}8$ and that of non-forest areas was $8{\sim}12$; however, the population of forest fire areas$(156{\sim}456)$ was higher than that of non-forest fire areas$(61{\sim}227)$. In the analysis of growth density per layer$[of\;100m^2]$, there appeared $1{\sim}8$ trees of Q. mongolica and $3{\sim}5$ trees of Q. serrata in the upper layer species; $2{\sim}4$ trees of Q. serrata and one tree of Q. mongolica in the canopy layer. As for the characteristics of soil, acidity of forest fire areas was pH 5.45 and that of non-forest fire was pH 5.25. By setting up the middle D.B.H range of Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community as the vegetation restoration model, planting species, planting density and planting models are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.56-72
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• 2015

This study area for this research was the Taereung of the 2009 World Heritage-listed Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. The Taereung space was divided into that of the royal tomb space, religious service space, transposition space and entry space. The original vegetation is assumed to have been planted at the right, left and backside of the tomb based on historical research literature. Regarding the original vegetation landscape of Taeneung, it was assumed that Pinus densiflora was distributed around the tomb lines and tomb space, Pinus densiflora was distributed in the religion services space and transposition and Alnus japonica was distributed in the entry space. By the present status of vegetation in Taeneung, the Pinus densiflora forest was the widest area with 50.3% with the broadleaf forest at 33.7%. Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, and Quercus mongolica were the main species found in Taeneung. The planting area was 7.9% and Pinus densiflora were the main species planted. To analyze the plant community structure of Taeneung, 108 plots were set and divided into four spaces. The importance of the percentage of those districts was analyzed on a spatial basis and it was found that the current dominant species of the tomb space was Pinus densiflora. However, as Pinus densiflora began dying out, the power of Quercus acutissima increased and an ecological succession from the Pinus densiflora forest to Quercus aliena forest was made. In the spaces of religious services and transposition, Pinus densiflora was decreasing and Quercus spp. was expanded. In the space of entry, the dominant species were Pinus densiflora and Quercus aliena, Pinus densiflora and Quercus aliena. As soil of this area is argillaceous, Pinus densiflora is expected to disappear in the end. The prior vegetation(assumed) and present vegetation of Taeneung were compared and analyzed and a goal of vegetation management and the way in which to manage vegetation were suggested. The goal of vegetation landscape management was to analyze ecological characteristics and vegetation changes, maintain and restore a landscape suitable for historical landscape forests by space. About the space of the tomb, Pinus densiflora forests and Pinus densiflora planting zones forests should be maintained and there should be efforts to restore and manage the Pinus densiflora forests, instead of the Quercus spp. forests. About the space of religious services, Pinus densiflora forests and Pinus densiflora planting zones should be maintained and managed and there should be efforts to restore and manage Pinus densiflora forests to replace Quercus spp. Pinus densiflora forests in the space of transposition should be maintained and managed and Pinus densiflora forests should be restored to replace Quercus spp. trees. Alnus japonica forests should be restored in the space of entry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2011

Due to various kind of waterproof materials and methods, which is difficult to select the most appropriate to waterworks. The materials used to prevent the deterioration of the service life is short, because of the chemical erosion. So, in the 2010 Office of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government has set new standards. Recently, SMC panel is a trend that is being applied to water treatment facilities. However, SMC panel has not yet implemented a performance evaluation. Therefore, this study to confirm that satisfaction for the Office of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government of the performance requirements, when the applied the SMC panel to water treatment structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

서해안 및 도서지역의 상록활엽수림 복원을 위한 기초조사로서 상록활엽수림의 복원과정을 지속적으로 모니터링하기 위하여 천리포수목원 닭섬에 대한 현존식생구조를 밝히고 도입식물들의 활착 상태를 조사하였다. 천리포수목원의 한랭지수는 -7.7$^{\circ}C$.month로 목포(-7.6$^{\circ}C$.month)와 거의 비슷하였으며, 서해안을 흐르는 황해난류의 영향으로 한서의 차가 비교적 적은 난온대성 기후특성을 나타내고 있다. 11개 식생구조구에 대한 식생조사 결과 곰솔이 우점종이었으며 1976년부터 식재하기 시작한 상록활엽수는 26종 708개체이었으며, 이 중 15종 121개체가 활착하여 약 19.1%의 생존율을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.225-228
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• 2011

This study evaluated the mineral crystalline structure of an autogenous tooth bone graft material. The crystalline structures of the autogenous tooth bone graft material enamel (AutoBT E+), dentin (AutoBT D+), xenograft (BioOss), alloplastic material (MBCP), allograft (ICB) and autogenous mandibular cortical bone were compared using XRD. The XRD pattern of AutoBT dentin and ICB was similar to that of autogenous bone.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1503-1512
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• 1992

The strength evaluation and life prediction on the corrosion part of structure is one of the most important subjects, as a viewpoint of reducing economic loss by regular inspection, maintenance, repair and replace. For this purpose, it has been difficult to obtain the available data on growth of pit depth or growth rate of each pit which depends on time. In this paper, the life prediction and strength evaluation method was suggested for the structure with irregular stress concentration part by surface corrosion. The statistical distribution pattern of corrosion depth and the degree of fatigue strength decline were confirmed according to corrosion period by artificial corrosion of SS41 steel. The life prediction and the fatigue strength evaluation of materials with consideration of the corrosion period on the extreme value statistic analysis by the data of maximum depth of corrosion and on random variable was studied.