• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.896-907
• /
• 2016

The habitat characteristics of Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. were investigated to provide basic data for conservation and restoration. The altitude ranged from 260m to 728m with inclinations of $4-39^{\circ}$. As a result of vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 147 taxa were identified inside 20 quadrates in 7 natural habitats. The importance value of Aconitum austrokoreense was 23.0% based on the coverage and frequency of the herbaceous layer and sat is more dominant. Species diversity was 1.23, and dominace and evenness were found to be 0.22 and 0.77, respectively. The soil type were silty loam (four sites), sandy loam (two sites) and loam (one site). The average field organic matter was 7.83% and the total nitrogen and pH were 0.35, and 5.69. Correlation analysis between environmental factors and population characteristic showed the correlations between chlorophyll content and slope, flowering rate and soil humidity. Conservation on habitats conditions is important for stable maintenance the flora and the surrounding area including habitats has to be designated a protection area for habitats conservation.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.308-319
• /
• 2016

In order to evaluate the role of macrophytes as refuge of zooplankton on physical distribution (i.e. summer rainfall), we investigated the environmental factors, macrophytes, and zooplankton in waterside zones (macrophytes zones) and open water zones of 17 wetlands from May and August, 2011. In this study, a total of 51 zooplankton species were identified, and Polyarthra sp. and Diaphanosoma brachyurum were found to be the most dominant species. Waterside area of each wetland were occupied by a total of 10 macrophyte species, species composition and biomass (dry weight) were different in the survey sites. Zooplankton was more abundant in waterside zone than open water zones lacking macrophytes (One-way ANOVA, df=2, F=27.1, P<0.05), in particular, waterside zone of 1, 8, 9, 10, and 11 wetland were supported by high zooplankton density after summer rainfall. This wetlands were developed by various macrophyte species than other wetland, and submerged plant commonly presented. Waterside zones with various macrophyte species provides complexity to the habitat structure, should be utilized as refuge to avoid disturbance such as summer rainfall. The results indicate that macrophytes are the key components to enhance bio-diversity include zooplankton, and the inclusion of diverse plant species in wetland construction or restoration schemes will result in ecologically healthy food webs.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.169-198
• /
• 1996

The objectives of this investigation are : 1. To analyze spectral signature and the associated vegetation index for geometric illumination conditions inf1uenced by low solar elevation and high slope orientations in mountainous forest. 2. To assess the accuracy of the spectral angle mapper classification for the a winter land cover in comparison with the maximum likelihood classification. 3. To produce the image of water quality and water properties that could be used to estimate the water pollution sources and the tide-included by turbid water in estuarine and coastal areas. These objectives are to characterize environmental and ecological monitoring applications of the Nak-Dong River Basin by using Fuyo-1 OPS VNIR data acquired on December 26, 1992. The results of this paper are as follows : 1. The spectral digital numbers and vegetation indexes (NDVI and TVI) of mountainous forest are higher on the slope facing the sun than on the slope hidden the sun under low sun elevation condition. 2. The spectral angle mapper algorithm produces a more accurate land cover classification of areas with steep slope, various aspects and low solar elevation than the maximum likelihood classifier. 3. The maximum likelihood classification images can be used for identifying the location and movement of both freshwater and salt water, regardless of geometric illumination conditions. 4. The color-coded density sliced image of selected water bodies by using the near-infrared band 3 can provide distribution of the water quality of the Lower Nak-Dong River. 5. The color-coded normalized difference vegetation index image of the selected mountain forest is suitable to classify winter vegetation cover types, i.e., forest canopy densities for slope orientations.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.662-675
• /
• 2022

This study was intended to investigate and analyze the current status of the plant community structure in order to provide basic data for the systematic conservation and management of the Buxus sinica area appearing on the ridgeline connecting the Gyeokjabong(Mt.) and Keungiljae, on Bogildo Island. In consideration of location characteristics such as density, topography, and direction of B. sinica appearing in the shrub layers, a total of 26 sites were set as the survey area for representative vegetation communities or areas with changes in topography. According to DCA and TWINSPAN, it was classified into 6 communities, namely Carpinus turczaninovii-Deciduous broad-leaved, C. turczaninovii, C. turczaninovii-B. sinica, C. turczaninovii-Evergreen broad-leaved, Q. acuta, and D. trifidus-Q. acuta. The community dominated by C. turczaninovii maintains the status quo for the present moment, however, Q. acuta will dominate the surrounding area in the long term, so Q. acuta has high succesion potential. In the case of the Q. acuta and D. trifidus-Q. acuta communities, Q. acuta, known as the climax species of warm-temperate forests, will maintain dominant status. In a case of B. sinica, the community dominated by C. turczaninovii will remain in good status due to the topographical conditions, but the community dominated by Q. acuta growth difficulties are expected due to the high coverage. In the relationship between environmental factors and vegetation distribution, analysis showed that only soil pH affect vegetation distribution. Furthermore, the soil acidity (pH) was 3.78-5.30, the electrical conductivity was 0.186-0.543 dS/m, and the organic matter content was 2.25-2.89%.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2016

The present study was to survey the site environment, vegetation structure and soil characteristics in the wild habitats of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. and offers basic information for habitats conservation and restoration. Most of the wild habitats were located at altitudes between 605~1,413m with inclinations ranged as 8~30°. The bare rock rate were 8~50%. The vegetation structure by the PC-ORD based on the Two Way Cluster Analysis were divided into three groups Community I(Acer tegmentosum - Quercus mongolica), Community II(Acer tegmentosum - Carpinus cordata), Community III(Quercus mongolica - Tilia amurensis). The species diversity(H') was highest in Community II as 1.474, Community I was 1.471, Community III was 1.219. The soil textures were Clay loam, The average soil pH was 4.8, Soil organic matter was 15.15% and available phosphorus was 2.33ppm. Ordination analysis result by soil characteristics, community, characteristic species showed that the greatest effect factors were slope, altitude, tree and shrub's cover rate, organic matter, total-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium. Correlation analysis between environment factor result showed that O.M. - (T.N., K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC), T.N. - (K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC) were positive correlations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.5B
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2008

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important state variable while simulating daily streamflow in hydrological models. In the estimation of ET, for example, when using FAO Penman Monteith equation, the LAI (Leaf Area Index) value reflecting the conditions of vegetation generally affects considerably. Recently in evaluating the vegetation condition as a fixed quantity, the remotely sensed LAI from MODIS satellite data is available, and the time series values of spatial LAI coupled with land use classes are utilized for ET evaluation. Four years (2001-2004) of MODIS LAI was prepared for the evaluation of Penman Monteith ET in the continuous hydrological model, SLURP (Semi-distributed Land Use-based Runoff Processes). The model was applied for simulating the dam inflow of Chungju watershed ($6661.3km^2$) located in the upstream of Han river basin. For four years (2001-2004) dam inflow data and meteorological data, the model was calibrated and verified using MODIS LAI data. The average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.66. The 4 years watershed average Penman Monteith ETs of deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forest were 639.1, 422.4, and 631.6 mm for average MODIS LAI values of 3.64, 3.50, and 3.63 respectively.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to provide the basic data to select the most proper site, which is essential for the economic activation of North Korea by means of the GIS tool. In this purpose, firstly, Nampo area is sampled as model case, classifying the factors into the natural environmental one and socio- cultural one. Secondly, to analyze the land use status and topographic status which is essential for natural environment factor. Besides USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation), which is one of the disaster effect assessments, is being applied to suggest the selection method for minimizing the environment change by way of assuming the land effluence amount. The started could advance to prove the ideal model in selecting the most suitable site while minimizing the environmental change by means of the composite tool of GIS and USLE.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2008

A study of the vascular hydrophyte communities was undertaken in the wetlands of Imjado, Shinangun, from March to November, 2006. As a result, the vegetation was divided into 15 communities. Among them, emergent hydrophytes consisted of 9 communities, including Phragmites communis community, Typha angustata community, Paspalum disticum var. indutum community, Sparganium erectum community, Oenanthe javanica community, Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Aneilema keisak community and Persicaria thunbergii community, floating hydrophytes 1 community Trapa japonica community, free-floating hydrophytes 2 communities including Lemna paucicostata community and Spirodela polyrhiza community, and submergent hydrophyte 2 community, including Myriophyllum verticillatum community and Potamogeton distinctus community. These results were considered that the wetland of Imjado was characterized by the typical structure of aquatic plant ecosystem.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2003

The pollen of the sediments from the Lake Hane were analysed for reconstruction of vegetation history around Ohda-City in Southwest Japan, and the correlation with the pollen zone reported for the Lake Shinji. From the pollen assemblages of 29 samples from core OH94 (19.7 m), two pollen zone were established, and they were subdivided into five subzones in ascending order as following; Cyclobalanopsis-Catanopsis pollen zone (Cyclobalanopsis subzone, Catanopsis subzone and, Podocarpus subzone), and Gramineae pollen zone (Cryptomeria subzone and Cyclobalanopsis-Quercus subzone). The K-Ah volcanic ash is identified in the Cyclobalanopsis-Catanopsis pollen zone. We estimated the beginning of the Cyclobalanopsis-Catanopsis pollen zone was before c.a. 6,300 BP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.436-436
• /
• 2018

하천의 조도계수는 하상 입자들의 크기 및 형상, 식생, 수로의 만곡 등 흐름특성에 영향을 주는 복합적인 경험적 매개변수이므로 그 값을 정확히 산정하는 것은 매우 어렵다(Chow, 1959). 제주도 산지하천은 하상이 매우 불규칙하고 조도계수의 불확실성으로 인해 정확한 홍수위, 홍수량 산정이 어렵다. 또한 하상경사가 매우 급하여 상류와 사류가 복합적으로 발생하므로 수치모의 시 수위차가 크게 발생할 우려가 있다. 따라서 현장실측 기반의 하천 조도계수 산정을 통한 홍수위, 홍수량 산정에 정확도를 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 제주도 북부지역의 건천(한천, 병문천, 독사천, 산지천)을 대상으로 하상재료를 직접 실측하여 하상 입경을 이용한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 실측 방법은 대상하천의 현장답사 및 현장조사를 사전에 실시하였으며, 하천의 종단 방향으로 1km 간격, 100개 이상의 하상재료를 표본으로 취하고 선격자법을 적용하였다. 대상하천 하류부의 좌안, 우안은 대부분 하천 정비에 의한 제방 구축이 되었으며, 상류부는 경사가 급한 암질로 구성되어 있으므로 하상을 중심으로 구성물질의 입경과 조고를 측정하여 상류 흐름의 영향범위를 고려한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 표본 측정시 점 사주, 여울, 웅덩이 등 국부적으로 하상재료의 변화가 심한 구역은 피하고 가급적 해당 구역에서 보편적으로 산재된 하상재료를 선택하였다. 향후 부정류 모형인 HEC-RAS를 이용하여 실측 유량과 수위를 적용한 조도계수를 산정한다면 보다 정밀한 조도계수를 산정할 것으로 판단된다.