• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.343-343
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• 2023

식생피복(Vegetation cover)은 대기 중의 강우와 토양 사이에서 침식으로부터 표토를 보호하는 역할을 한다. 자유 낙하하는 강우의 물방울은 식생을 통과하면서 차단(interception), 수관통과(throughfall), 수간유하(stemflow)의 형태로 변화한다. 식생은 강우입자의 운동에너지와 수량을 감소시키고, 지표면에 도달하는 시간을 지연시킴에 따라 지표유출(overland flow) 저감에 기여한다. 유출수의 흐름과정에서 식물의 줄기, 낙엽, 뿌리 등은 유속을 감소시키는 장애물로 작용하여 궁극적으로 토양침식은 감소한다. 토양침식은 식생피복이 증가함에 따라 일반적으로 감소하며, 지수함수의 관계를 갖는다. 식생의 종류와 구조 그리고 잎의 모양 등에 따라 수문물리적인 반응이 달라진다. 캐노피를 갖는 지상식물(canopy cover plant)은 물방울의 운동에너지를 갖는 반면, 지피식물(ground cover plant)은 낙하고가 작기 때문에 운동에너지는 적으며, 특히 낙엽층은 지표면을 보호하여 토양침식의 저감효과가 더욱 크다. 산불지역의 식생피복에 따른 토양침식 측정 자료에 따르면, 강우운동에너지는 식생피복이 증가함에 따라 지상피복(canopy cover)에 의한 감소보다는 지면피복(ground cover)과 낙엽피복(litter cover)에 의한 감소효과가 상대적으로 컸다. 식생피복에 의해 차단되는 강우의 손실량보다 침투량 증가에 의한 손실량이 상대적으로 많았다. 낙엽피복에 대한 강우모의 실험 결과에 따르면, 낙엽의 피복율이 증가함에 따라 지수적으로 토양침식량은 감소하였다. 낙엽 피복율의 40% 이상은 토양침식량을 현격이 감소시킨 반면, 피복율의 70% 이상은 지표유출량을 현저히 감소시켰다. 낙엽 피복율이 70%이상이면, 유출계수가 33%가 감소하였으나, 토양침식민감도는 94%로 크게 감소하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.516-529
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• 2021

Coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area are gradually losing their landscape diversity and uniqueness along with their ecological stability due to changes in vegetation composition and structures caused by various disturbance factors, such as climate change, vegetation succession, and human interference. This study provides basic data for establishing a comprehensive conservation plan for coniferous forests in the Baekdudaegan protected area. We classified the vegetation unit types using the Zurich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology and two-way indicator species analysis methods and analyzed the species diversity and structural characteristics based on the vegetation information of 755 stands collected in the natural resources change survey of the Baekdudaegan mountains (2016 to 2020) by the Korea Forest Service. Therefore, the vegetation of the coniferous forests of theBaekdudaegan protected area was classified into 15 types under the vegetation unit hierarchy of two community groups, four communities, seven sub-communities, and 14 variants. Furthermore, we compared the total coverage among vegetation types, importance values, constancy classes, life-forms, and diversity indices. Additionally, the average total coverage and number of species per 100 m² of all coniferous forests were 232% and 21 species, respectively, with the species diversity and dominance indices averaging 1.907 and 0.222, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 1994

The forest of Choksangsansong area was studied to investigate vegetational structure with twenty-five plots(20m$\times$25m). Relative importance values, DBH class distribution, species, diversity indices, DCA ordination and TWINSPAN classification were used for vegetational structure analysis. Quercus mongolica, Carpinus cordata, Quercus serrata and Cornus controversa were appeared to be dominant species in each plot and dominant species in the Choksangsansong area was Quercus mongolica. The forest of Choksangsansong area was classified into four groups and showed seral stage from Quercus mongolica to Carpinus cordata. Vegetational succession in the Choksangsansong area shall be accelerated to moist and shade tolerant species due to cool and humid climatic condition by upper dam construction of the Mujuyangspalchonso (pumping up power station).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

The various spatial structure of biological habitat has tighten relationship with biodiversity. Due to increasing of population, development of agriculture and urban structure, various change of landscape has became these days. These change of landscape has raised the decrease of habitat and landscape fragmentation. This paper summarizes research to analysis vegetation index according to P/A ratio, Shape Index, and Fractal dimension using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM). The analysis of landscape fragmentation using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 0.5~1 has the most profitable for detection of vegetation fragmentation. The analysis of vegetation index of Seoul and Kyunggi province has also showed that Fractal dimension has the most fragmentation index. In near future, time series analysis is needed for fragmentation of vegetation on the same area, and for various landuse of fragmentation analysis. These researches were carried out for preservation strategy of vegetation and biodiversity.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2016

Shoreline armoring is a globally used engineering strategy to prevent shoreline erosion along stream, lake and reservoir coastlines. Armoring alters the land-water interface and has the potential to affect shoreline vegetation by changing nearshore geomorphology, hydrology, sediment composition and water quality. We quantified the effects of the artificial disturbances and alternation of the land-water interface on the community structure and distribution of shoreline vegetation in a large reservoir, Uiam Reservoir, Korea. More than 60% of shorelines were disturbed by armoring with retaining wall of concrete block, riprap and gabion in the Uiam Reservoir. The results of detrended correspondence analysis showed that the vegetation structures of the shoreline modified by armoring changed from hydrophyte-dominated to hygrophyte-dominated ecosystems. The shoreline armoring caused the disruption of gradual continuity in the water-land interface and the biological invasion by alien plants. The changes in distribution area of shoreline vegetation showed that the area of hydrophytic vegetation decreased and that of hygrophytic vegetation increased from 2010 to 2013. In conclusion, the human disturbance such as armoring, road construction, recreation etc. could lead to terrestrialization, the loss of transverse continuity and biological invasion in the shoreline vegetation of the Reservoir Uiam. Our findings suggest that redesigning or removing shoreline armoring structures may benefit nearshore hydrophytic vegetation for the conservation of novel shoreline ecosystems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.2 s.175
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• pp.183-190
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• 2007

Soil layer in vegetation filter strip is one of the very important factor for reduction of non-point pollutants by physical, chemical and biological reactions of it through infiltration process. This study was carried out to prepare more effective vegetation filter strip through modification of soil layer for river water quality improvement. Therefore, the main aims of this study are to compare and evaluate normal (straighten type) and modified (step type) vegetation filter strip, which make artificially change the soil layer to improve infiltration ability, through bench scale experiments. In the results of this study, vegetation filter strip of step type is much more highly reduction effectiveness of pollutants in surface flow compared with normal vegetation filter strip. In case of below effluent, however, it appeared that the vegetation filter strip modified soil layer showed lower reduction effectiveness of pollutants than the general vegetation filter strip. This result was judged because effluent through the vegetation filter strip of step type passed bigger size of aggregate or sand than the vegetation filter strip of straighten type. If we compare it as a definition of pollutant load to estimate total amount of reduced pollutants by vegetation filter strip, reduced pollutants load by step type showed higher than those by straighten type because below effluent amount relied on total effluent amount was higher at step type (4%) than at straighten type (2%). In conclusion, the vegetation filter strip of step type to improve infiltration effect is much more reduction effectiveness of pollutants than vegetation filter strip of straighten type.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.587-595
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• 2019

This study analyzed the influence of the environmental factor of each vegetation type in an urban, mountainous park (Tangeumdae Park in Chungju) on air ion. The measuring points were divided according to the tree species, diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure, and the meteorological factors and the air ion were measured. The results of the measurement showed the average generation of positive ions of $610.90{\pm}50.27ea/cm^3$, the average generation of negative ions of $723.58{\pm}64.25ea/cm^3$, and the air ion index of $1.19{\pm}0.10$. The results of the analysis, according to the vegetation type, are as follows. Firstly, the air ion varied according to the species, the chest diameter at breast height, and the layered structure, and was analyzed to be statistically significant. Secondly, the air ion and the vegetation type showed a positive correlation with the species, diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure. The cation showed a negative correlation with the species, diameter at breast height, and the crown density, and the anion showed a positive correlation with the species, the diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure. Thirdly, the ion index in ridges had a higher correlation with the vegetation type than the meteorological factors. In detail, the correlation was higher in the species > layered structure > crown density > diameter at breast height. This study had the limitation of evaluating air ions in the ridge. Therefore, future studies on air ion should consider both terrain structure and vegetation type and analyze the seasonal changes and comparison.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

Open- to closed canopy stage and it's ecological characteristics in vegetation succession are commonly described, but poorly understood in Korea. Vegetation development on structure, environment and understory abundance were studied for 16 yr in post-clearcut Pinus densiflora forests in the southern Gangwon-do province by applying space-for-time approach. We sampled 210 plots (10 for structure and 200 for understory) for four seral stages (1yr, 3yr, 10yr and 16yr). After clear-cut, mean stem density increased gradually to $5,714{\pm}645$ stems/ha after 16 years and mean basal area was also from $5.5{\pm}0.7m^2/ha$ after 10 years and doubled at $10.0{\pm}1.6m^2/ha$ in 16 years. Woody debris and bared soil on the forest floor peaked at 11--- after 10 years and at 10.3--- after 3 years, respectively. In understory mean cover declined with all growth form groups following succession, but in richness, forb specie increased with structural development during 16 years. Our study suggested that overstory development did not suppressed whole understory properties especially in richness, thus appeared to act as a filter selectively constraining the understory characteristics. However only long-term studies are essential for elucidating patterns and processes that cannot be inferred form short-term or space-for-time researches. Strong negative relationship between overstory and understory characteristics in conventional models surely reexamined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.58-61
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.27-31
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• 2001