• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.35-45
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• 2011

To keep relics excavated in the era of the Japanese Colonist's rule in the Korean Peninsula in order, the National Museum of Korea selected some of horse strap pendants (Haengyeob) that were excavated from Seobongchong, Sikrichong and Geumryeongchong, and it investigated conservation and production technique. The horse strap pendants selected were classified into three, that is to say, Oval and fish-tail shape, heart shape and atypical: At the results of microscopic observation, XRF and SEM-EDS analysis, base plate was made of iron, and top plate as well as pattern plate was made of iron, copper and silver. Both Oval and fish-tail shape and heart shape horse strap pendants had horse strap pendants having same production technique and sizes at all of three ancient tombs were made of iron and copper. The gold layer of horse strap pendants except the atypical one having no gold layer were made by amalgam gilding.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.71-92
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• 2023

This study investigates the symbolism and meaning of the bead design, its relationship with the Silla culture, and the conditions of glass bead manufacturing to verify the theory of Silla's production of Silla face-inlaid glass beads with excellent artistry and technology. The research method includes investigating the design analysis, ancient documents, myths, relics, glass, and metal production techniques. Moreover, Hongshan cultural relics and other cases of inlaid glass beads were collected. There are records in the literature that the people of Makhan, Buyeo and Silla of ancient Korea people considered beads as treasures and used them for accessories. It was confirmed that all the design elements of the bead-patterned hair topknot, golden crown, birds, and flower trees were closely related to the myth of Kim Al-ji of Silla, the oviparous tales and the sacred birds and divine beasts of the north. Moreover, the pattern and arrangements were found to be similar in other Silla relics. The origin of beads and face pendants was Hongsan culture, and a stone cast for beads was discovered in Bukpyo of Gojoseon, the lower-level culture of Hajiajeom. In addition, excavating inlaid glass beads from Sik-ri tombs of Korea and a face-inlaid glass bead from Toganmori tombs in Japan confirms the theory of Silla's production. The fact that the Baekje people of ancient Korea had a glass bead manufacturing office in Japan in the fifth centuries suggests that the Silla people also had a manufacturing plant in Java, Indonesia, because this place was a crossroads of Silla's Sea Silk Road and a source of raw materials and labors with a close relationship to Silla. Therefore, the face-inlaid glass bead was indeed self-made by Silla, who possessed the tradition of bead myths and hair topknot, and the high-level skills such as gold crowns and metal inlays.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2014

It's shown how to proceed the study on Manufacturing techniques & Conservation to the Iron Pot from Cheonmachong Ancient Tomb(the 155th Tomb in Hwangnam-dong). In order to investigate manufacturing techniques of the Iron Pot, some parts of the relic were gathered. After mounting, polishing and etching on the relic, analyzing the metal microstructure was conducted. Also it's conducted a SEM-EDS analysis on the nonmetallic inclusion. White iron structure was observed in the metallurgical structure inspection, SEM-EDS analysis. It seems to be dried slowly at room temperature after casting, doesn't look as particular heat treatment to improve brittleness. It is estimated that it's as the handle seam side were verified about 3cm inch wide, 1.5 thick in center of body, so 2 separate half-completed products was cast with width-type mould. The manufacturing techniques Using white cast iron structure, width-type mould are observable to the Iron Pot excavated from Sikrichong Ancient Tomb & Hwangnamdaechong grand Ancient Tomb around those were constructed the same time. It's able to recognize that it's almost identical manufacturing techniques at that time. Conservation is generically following those are survey of pretreatment, foreign material removal, stabilization, restoration and color matching in the order. cleaning & drying were added to the process as occasion demands. The strengthening treatment were difficult with artifact's volume, low concentration Paraloid NAD-10 solution was spread two or three times with a brush, surface hardening also came up with 15wt% Paraloid NAD-10 solution after the conservation was complete. There were connection & restoration for the restoration to the damage after modeling forms that it's similar to damaged parts by using the Fiber Reinforced Plastic resins(POLYCOAT FH-245, mold laminated type). Throughout this research, capitalizing on accumulations of measurements about the production technique of Iron Pot in the time of the fifth and 6th centuries is no less important than the Iron artifact's conservation for a better study in the future.