• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.26-30
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• 2006

Backgroud and Objectives: Inhalation of foreign bodies in respiratory tract can be fatal to infants and child. After ventilating bronchoscopy technique was widelyused, most of the pediatric airway foreign bodies could be managed effectively. In this study, we aimed to analyze clinicalfeatures and outcomes of ventilating bronchoscopic removal of pediatric airway foreign bodies. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty cases of ventilating bronchoscopy for pediatric airway foreign bodies at Seoul National University Hospital for the past 15 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In 120 cases, sex ratio (male: female) was 2.2:1 and mean age was 27.0 months. Most frequent type of airway foreign was peanut (60.2%). One hundred thirteen patients, in whom a foreign body was confirmed in the airway, were successfully managed by ventilating bronchoscopy. Delayed diagnosis and management made a significantly long postoperative hospital stay. Conclusion: Great care must be given when feeding young children, especially younger than 36 months, with nuts. Early intervention with ventilating bronchoscopy following a clinical suspicion is critical to successful treatment.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2016

Damage caused by FOD which is a foreign substance at the movement area in airports around the world has reached 200 million every year. In 2000, the casualties occurred 133 people at charles de gaulle airport due to FOD. The occurrence of damage by FOD has continuously influenced in domestic also it makes equipment repair indirectly or directly. Accordingly, One of the solutions to the problem is the development of FOD automatic detection system. That is ongoing for plane movement area in airport. As the analyzed result, the military airport prefered mobile type and the civil airport prefered fixed type due to the characteristics of the operating type. In this paper, we analyzed the minimum performance specifications meeting the domestic requirements by investigating military and private FOD detection systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 1984

Although it is suspected that the foreign body sensation on the pharyngoesophageal region is caused by motility disturbance of upper esophageal sphincter, its pathophysiology is not yet clear. Esophageal manometry has become an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of esophageal motor disorders such as dysfunction of upper esophageal sphincter. Intraluminal esophageal pressures were measured by perfusion manometry in fifteen patients with foreign body sensation on the pharyngoesophageal region and in twenty six controls. In upper esophageal sphincter, mean value of resting pressure of the patients by rapid pull-through technique was 45,9\ulcorner 15.6mmHg and 80.9\ulcorner9.7mmHg in the controls. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The distance from nostril to sphincter, length of sphincter, and resting pressure by station pull-through technique were not significantly different. The amplitude of esophageal peristalsis in the patients was reduced significantly at the level of the upper, mid and lower esophagus. The wave duration of the patients was reduced significantly at the level the upper and mid esophagus. The speed showed no difference between two groups. Length and resting pressure of lower esophageal sphincter revealed almost same values in two groups.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2011

Computed tomography with virtual bronchoscopy shows inner shape of trachea and major bronchi with three-dimensional images. Virtual bronchoscopy can be used in cases of suspected foreign body aspiration. Virtual bronchoscopy shows the exact location of the obstructive lesion before conventional bronchoscopy. If the chest radiography is normal or suggests aspirated foreign body, virtual bronchoscopy can be considered before conventional bronchoscopy. We experienced a case of false-tooth foreign body extracted under bronchoscopy. In this case, virtual bronchoscopy was made retrospectively giving useful information about shape and orientation regarding foreign body.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.14.1-14
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• 1981

Neurofibroma are slow growing benign tumors arising from the neurilemal sheath (Schwann cells) and fibroblasts of the peripheral nerve. This benign tumor may occur as a solitary lesion or as a part of the syndrome of neurofibromatosis. The neurofibroma of oral tissues is rare in otolaryngologic field and usually presents as a firm, elevated, nonpainful lesion that shows the usual histologic findings of a neurofibroma or neurilemmoma. Recently, we have experienced a neurofibroma arising from the tongue in a 54 year old female and removed successfully under local anesthesia. No evidence of recurrence has been observed up to date.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The strainer can be clogged by dusts in a well. As a result, the permeability of a strainer is extremely reduced. This paper is intended to propose a cleaning method of strainer using blasting pressure of the detonating cords and to examine the applicability of this method. The pressure range that was not expected to affect the strainer was estimated. Test results of $3,000\;kg/cm^2$ pressure with a diameter of 12 cm without damage to the strainer was found to be appropriate. The mortar attached to the strainer was almost completely eliminated.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

Purpose: Any battery impacted in the esophagus must be removed urgently because of the possibility of serious complications such as perforation, fistula, and mediastinitis. The use of endoscopic procedures was compared to find the most rapid, effective, and safe method to remove disk batteries. Methods: The cases of 24 children (9 males, mean age, 1.5 years) that had accidentally ingested disk batteries were reviewed. The patients had visited the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 1997 to June 2007 for the removal of disk batteries. Endoscopic removal was attempted using a retrieval net or a magnetic extractor with a balloon (condom). The procedure times for removing the ingested battery were compared. Results: Children that ingested batteries with a larger diameter (20 mm) had a greater chance to have esophageal impaction with serious injury, such as esophageal mucosal necrosis or ulcers, as compared to the ingestion of smaller diameter batteries (10 mm) (p<0.01). Endoscopic removal of disk batteries was attempted either using a retrieval net in 10 children or by using a magnetic extractor with a balloon in 6 children. Endoscopic removal using a retrieval net was more effective (mean procedure time: 1.5 min) as compared to using a magnetic extractor with a balloon (mean procedure time: 3.3 min) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both procedures, either using a retrieval net or a magnetic extractor with a balloon were effective in removing ingested disk batteries. Based on our experience, an endoscopic procedure using a retrieval net was a more effective method for foreign body removal.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.3 s.260
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• pp.214-219
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• 2006

Background: Perforation of esophagus is relatively uncommon. but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment and outcome are largely determined by the time of presentation. We performed a retrospective review of patients with esophageal perforation to assess the outcome of current management techniques. Material and Method: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated for perforation of esophagus from March 1990 to March 2005. There were 28 patients (22 men and 6 women: mean age 51 years, range 17 to 82 years) The causes of the perforations were as follows: foreign body retention (9 patients), trauma (7 patients), spontaneous rupture (7 patients), and iatrogenic (5 pati-ients). 18 patients were presented within 24 hours and 10 patients were presented after 24 hours., Esophageal repair was performed in 21 ($75\%$) of them, 4 patients were treated with esophagectomy, 3 patients were treated with feeding gastrostomy and drainage. Result: Hospital mortality was $18\%$ and iatrogenic was increase the mortality rate (p < 0.05). Site of perforation, time from perforation, and treatment method had no influence on mortality. Postoprative leaks occurred in 4 patients after primary repair and were treated conservatively. Conclusion: Esophageal perforation remains a devastating event which is difficult to diagnose and manage. Primary repair can be performed in most patients with esophageal perforation regardless of time to presentation with a low mortality. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are essential to the successful management of patients.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

Aspirated and ingested foreign bodies continue to present challenges to otolaryngologists. The major discussions were the accurate diagnosis and speedy, safe removal of foreign body. Many diagnostic tools have been tried and removal of foreign bodies has been facilitated by technical improvements with rod lens telescope, video endoscope, flexible fiberoendoscope and safer anesthesia. In spite of these advances, more than 3000 children's death occur per year in the world because of foreign bodies and untold number of parients survive with variable sequelae. In these study, 59 consecutive cases of children and adults with tracheobronchial foreign bodies were reviewed from 1992 to 2001. We studied the history, symptoms, ausculatory radiologic, bronchoscopic finding and post operative complications. 71% (42 cases in 59 cases) of patients had foreign body aspiration history or choking crisis. In 64% (38cases) cough was observed. 81% (48cases) had abnormal finding in chest auscultation and 78% in chest X-ray. Computed tomography was done in 12 cases, all were founded foreign body shadow. Main site of foreign body was right main bronchus (41%, 24cases) and most frequent foreign body was peanut (36% , 21cases) . 4 experienced ICU(intensive care unit) care. 2 cases were failed to remove foreign. In these cases 1 cases was improved by steroid therapy and physical therapy and the other was treated with thoracotomy. We concluded the morbidity and motality were much correlated with speedy decision making and experienced skill of operator.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2002

Purpose : The objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of chronic cough and to establish the appropriate diagnostic approach to chronic cough in children. Methods : One hundred and thirty two cases of chronic cough were prospectively evaluated. They visitors to pediatric chronic cough clinics at Kang-nam saint Mary's Hospital of Catholic University from August 2000 to July 2001 for 12 months. Careful history taking by questionnaire, physical examination, radiologic studies of chest and sinus, hematologic and immunologic studies, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests were performed. Color doppler(CD) ultrasonography were performed and compared with simultaneous 24 Hr. esophageal pH monitoring to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). Results : Age distributions were demonstrated that nine in infants, 82 in early childhood, 38 in late childhood, and three in adolescence. Common causes of chronic cough were bronchial asthma in 40 cases, chronic sinusitis in 22 cases, GERD in seven cases, bronchial asthma combined with sinusitis in 28 cases, bronchial asthma combined with GERD in 14 cases, psychogenic cough in two. cases, foreign body in one case, chronic bronchitis in one case, and bronchiolitis in one case. Comparing with 24 Hr. pH monitoring, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of CD ultrasonography were 88%, 69%, 85 %, and 73% respectively. Conclusion : The most common causes of chronic cough in children were bronchial asthma, sinusitis and GERD in order. We suggest that CD ultrasonography can be used as a good, convenient screening method for patients with suspected GERD in outpatient settings.