• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2009

The present study was designed to observe the thermal dynamics of core and skin temperatures during sub-maximal treadmill exercise; to investigate the effect of regional body cooling during short rest after the treadmill exercise on the thermal dynamics. Three conditions (No cooling, Head/Hand cooling, Leg cooling) were simulated in a climatic chamber at 24±1℃ and 50±5%RH. Subjects performed two bouts of treadmill exercise at a rate of 80%HR_max followed by rest. Body cooling with a hood, long gloves, and a blanket that circulated water set at 15℃ was assigned during two bouts of rest. The results showed that (1) rectal temperature (T_re) did not show significant difference between three conditions; (2) Skin temperatures had specific features, depending on body regions. In particular, the initial fall phenomena of skin temperatures at the onset of exercise were noteworthy in the chest, thigh, calf, and finger tip. Of these, the most significant initial fall was found in finger temperature (T_fing). (3) During the period of the initial fall in skin temperatures, T_re gradually increased. (4) The magnitude of the fall of T_fing at the onset of 2^nd running was on average 4.8, 5.1 and 3.4℃ for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, respectively (p<0.05). The initial drop of T_fing at the onset of running was maintained for an average of 8.1, 7.9 and 6.3 minutes for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, with no significant differences. In conclusion, the initial fall phenomena at the onset of treadmill exercise reflected non-thermal factors, as opposed to internal thermal status. The magnitude of the initial fall in T_fing was affected by legs cooling. Therefore, the initial fall phenomenon should be considered when interpreting the thermal status of the shell during heavy works/exercises that assigned with intermittent regional body cooling.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2008

Pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation during pediatric dental sedations enables early detection of hypoxemia. The purpose of this study was to monitor the hemoglobin oxygen saturation level and pulse rate of nonmedicated pediatric patients during routine restorative procedures to study the effect of procedure and treated jaw. We obtained data from 53 children treated at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chonbuk national university hospital. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation were measured and recorded using pulse oximetry at each step of treatment. The results are as follows: 1. In non-anesthesia group, steep increase of pulse rate was observed during rubber dam application in the maxilla and during cavity preparation in the mandible. 2. In anesthesia group, pulse rate started to decrease after the rubber dam application in the maxilla, while its decrease observed since cavity preparation step in the mandible. 3. In non-anesthesia group, oxygen saturation level was relatively constant during all steps in the maxilla, but in mandible, it was higher during operation compared to its pre and post operation baseline. 4. In anesthesia group, oxygen saturation level was observed at 99% level through all steps in both jaw groups, and there was no statistical significance between the maxilla and the mandible groups(p>0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of routine dental treatment on the pulse rate and oxygen saturation level in nonmedicated pediatric patients during routine restorative procedures in the maxilla and mandible.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.51-72
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this article is to empirically testify three hypotheses on the relation between married women's employment and the allocation of unpaid domestic work within households - i.e., adaptive partnership (AP), dual burden (DB) and lagged adaptation (LA) models. The AP hypothesis assumes that, when wives are employed, husbands spend more time doing housework in order to compensate for their wives' increased responsibility. The DB model, by contrast, indicates that, even if married women are employed, their burden on domestic work does not decrease. In this case, therefore, the dual burden of married women can be expected. Between these two opposite views, the third, alternative hypothesis has been suggested recently. The LA model argues that the behaviours of households are adaptive to the changing environments but over a period of many years and even across generations. The article has analysed the total work time as well as unpaid domestic work time to testify these three hypotheses, utilising 1999 Time Use Survey data of the National Statistical Office. The research results can be summarised as follows. First, married working women worked 100 minutes more than their male spouses. Second, the average domestic work time of married men, 23-25 minutes per day, was no more than 5-10% of that of women. Third, the effects of age and women's employment were not statistically significant in multiple regression models, which means that the DB hypothesis explains the situation of married working women in Korea. Based on these findings, the article suggested the expansion of the public social service system to mitigate the dual burden of married working women, the introduction of compensatory credit for caring work, and the directions of further empirical research using the time use survey data.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.18B no.6
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 2011

The Human-Computer Interaction(HCI) is a study of the method for interaction between human and computers that merges the ergonomics and the information technology. The intelligent space, which is a part of the HCI, is an important area to provide effective user interface for the disabled, who are alienated from the information-oriented society. In the intelligent space for the disabled, the method supporting information depends on types of disability. In this paper, we only support the hearing-impaired. It is material to the gaze direction detection method because it is very efficient information provide method to present information on gazing direction point, except for the information provide location perception method through directly contact with the hearing-impaired. We proposed the gaze direction detection method must be necessary in order to provide the residence life application to the hearing-impaired like this. The proposed method detects the region of the user from multi-view camera images, generates candidates for directions of gaze for horizontal and vertical from each camera, and calculates the gaze direction of the user through the comparison with the size of each candidate. In experimental results, the proposed method showed high detection rate with gaze direction and foot sensing rate with user's position, and showed the performance possibility of the scenario for the disabled.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.7
• /
• pp.804-810
• /
• 2009

Purpose : We investigated whether ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with prolonged injection of technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer during repeated spasms can localize the epileptogenic foci in children with infantile spasms. Methods : Fourteen children with infantile spasms (11 boys, 3 girls; mean age, $2.2{\pm}1.3$ years) were examined. When a cluster of spasms was detected during video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, $^{99m}Tc$ ethyl cysteinate dimer was slowly and continuously injected for 2 minutes to determine the presence of ictal SPECT. For 7 children, the ictal and interictal SPECT images were visually analyzed, while for the remaining 7 children, the SPECT images were analyzed using the subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) technique. Subsequently, we analyzed the association between the ictal SPECT findings and those of other diagnostic modalities such as EEG, MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET). Results : Increase in cerebral blood flow on ictal SPECT involved the epileptogenic foci in 10 cases6 cases analyzed by visual assessment and 4 analyzed by the SISCOM technique. The ictal SPECT and video-EEG findings showed moderate agreement (Kappa=0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.96). Conclusion : Ictal SPECT with prolonged injection of a tracer could provide supplementary information to localize the epileptogenic foci in infantile spasms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2267-2277
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks of abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) by Volunteers on the relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects were 38 hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Data were collected from May 9 to June 19, 2011. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant difference noted in the amount of defecation(F=3.56, p=.033) by time. 2. There were no significant difference was noted in the frequency of defecation, the frequency of suppository or enema application by time. Accordingly, it is concluded that AMMAO would be an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the change of sex-related knowledges and attitudes of female students after sex education intervention at rural high school. After conducting a pre-survey on 119 subjects of 1st and 2nd grade female students in two rural high schools in November 1999, 150 minute-sex education was provided for the students by health professional from health center. Two follow-up survey were conducted in one month and six months later to evaluate the effect of sex education. The score of knowledge of AIDS was increased from 8.46 in pre-education to 11.90 in one month and 11.87 in six month later. The positive attitude toward the pre-marage sexual relationship was changed from 16.9% in pre-education to 14.4% in one month and 23.5% in six month later. The opinion for the heterosexual intercommunion during school age was not changed by sex education intervention and the subjects were pro for the making male friends during their school period. The subjects were more understood that AIDS patient should be treated humanly and they recognized that the mode of disease transmission and how to prevent the disease. To maintain the effect of sex education, the continuous and regular educational intervention and team approach from school and health professional should be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.5 s.91
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2006

Acceleration and deceleration curves have been used for design purposes worldwide. The curve in design level has been regarded as an single deterministic curve to be used for design of climb lanes. It should be noted that the curve was originally made using ideal driving truck and that the curve is applied during design based on the assumption of no difference between ideal and real driving conditions. However. observations show that aged vehicles and lazy behavioring drivers nay make lower performance of vehicles than the ideal performance. The present paper provides the results of truck speeds at climbing lanes then probabilistic variation of acceleration and deceleration corves. For these purposes. a study about identification of vehicle makers, and weights for trucks at freeway toll gates and then observation of vehicle-following speed were performed. The 85%ile results obtained were compared with the deterministic performance curves of 180, 200, and 220 Ib/hp. It was identified that the performance of 85%ile results obtained from vehicle-following-speed observations were lower than one from deterministic performance curves. From these results, it may be concluded that at the beginning Point of climbing lanes additional $16.19{\sim}67.94m$ is necessary and that at the end point of climbing lanes $53.12{\sim}103.24m$ of extension is necessary.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2015

In 2014, on 31 August and 1 September, the emissions of $CH_4$, $CO_2$, and $O_2$ gases were measured six times using the closed chamber method from exposed tidal flat sediments in the same position relative to the low point of the tidal cycle in the Eoeun-ri, Taean-gun, on the Mid-western Coast of Korea. The concentrations of $CH_4$ in the air sample collected in the chamber were measured using gas chromatography with an EG analyzer, model GS-23, within 6 hours of collection, and the other gases were measured in real time using a multi-gas monitor. The gas emission fluxes (source (+), and sink (-)) were calculated from a simple linear regression analysis of the changes in the concentrations over time. In order to see the surrounding parameters (water content, temperature, total organic carbon, average mean size of sediments, and the temperature of the inner chamber) were measured at the study site. On the first day, across three measurements during 5 hours 20 minutes, the observed $CO_2$ flux absorption was -137.00 to $-81.73mg/m^2/hr$, and the $O_2$ absorption, measured simultaneously, was -0.03 to $0.00mg/m^2/hr$. On the second day using an identical number of measurements, the $CO_2$ absorption was -20.43 to $-2.11mg/m^2/hr$, and the $O_2$ absorption -0.18 to $-0.14mg/m^2/hr$. The $CH_4$ absorption before low tide was $-0.02mg/m^2/hr$ (first day, Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS statistical analysis is -0.555(n=5, p=0.332, pronounced negative linear relationship)), and $-0.15mg/m^2/hr$ (second day, -0.915(n=5, p=0.030, strong negative linear relationship)) on both measurement days. The emitted flux after low tide on both measurement days reached a minimum of $+0.00mg/m^2/hr$ (+0.713(n=5, p=0.176, linear relationship which can be almost ignored)), and a maximum of $+0.03mg/m^2/hr$ (+0.194(n=5, p=0.754, weak positive linear relationship)) after low tide. However, the absolute values of the $CH_4$ fluxes were analyzed at different times. These results suggest that rate for $CH_4$ fluxes, even the same time and area, were influenced by changes in the tidal cycle characteristics of surface sediments for understanding their correlation with these gas emissions, and surrounding parameters such as physiochemical sediments conditions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.700-707
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to monitor physicochemical changes of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) muscle by iced water pre-treatment. Moisture content, crude fat content, nucleotide content, texture (hardness and toughness), and rigor mortis were assessed. The sensory evaluation was performed with a nine-point hedonic test. K-values, a parameter of fish flesh freshness, were also calculated from the content of nucleotides and their corresponding decomposition products. Pre-treatment of flounder flesh with iced water was found to be fresher compared to the control, as determined by a difference in the K-values. Iced water pre-treatment hastened postmortem stiffness, as judged from the rigor index, and increased inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is known to be a savory taste compound, more quickly as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation proceeded.