• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an eye tracker focusing on early childhood participants, based on the characteristics of early childhood eye tracking studies. Eye tracking collects eye movement data of the subject, which provides scientific evidence of human cognition and thinking. The researcher built a Do It Yourself eye tracker camera module from general electronic components, and used Viewpoint analysis software from Arrington Research. The researcher compared the eye tracking data between the DIY eye tracker group and Tobii Pro eye tracker group, which provides a professional eye tracking system. Eye tracking data was collected from 52 five-year old children. The average proportion of valid trials between the two groups was compared with t test, and no significant difference was found. This result indicates that the DIY eye tracker can be used to collect valid eye tracking data from young children under certain research environment.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2021

The eye tracking system designed in this paper is an eye-based computer input device designed to give an easy access for those who are uncomfortable with Lou Gehrig's or various muscle-related diseases. It is an eye-based-computer-using device for users whose potential demand alone amounts to 30,000. Combining the number of Lou Gehrig's patients in Korea estimated at around 1,700, and those who are unable to move their bodies due to various accidents or diseases. Because these eye input devices are intended for a small group of users, many types of commercial devices are available on the market. It is making them more expensive and difficult to use for these potential users, less accessible. For this reason, each individual's economic situation and individual experience with smart devices are slightly different. Therefore, making it difficult to access them in terms of cost or usability to use a commercial eye tracking system. Accordingly, attempts to improve accessibility to IT devices through low-cost but easy-to-use technologies are essential. Thus, this paper proposes a complementary superior performance eye tracking system that can be conveniently used by far more people and patients by improving the deficiencies of the existing system. Through voluntary VoCs(Voice of Customers) of users who have used different kinds of eye tracking systems that satisfies it through various usability tests, and we propose a reduced system that the amount of calculation to 1/15th, and eye-gaze tracking error rate to 0.5~1 degree under.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.563-565
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• 2019

4차 산업혁명 시대에 우리나라의 인구비율은 점점 고령화되어 가고 있고 전자기기 사용률도 같이 증가함에 따라 사회적 약자들을 위한 접근성 도구들도 많이 개발되고 있다. 하지만 이들을 위한 접근성 도구들의 존재 유무를 대부분의 사용자는 모르기 때문에 사용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사회적 약자에 속하는 노인이나 신체적 장애 등을 가진 사람들이 컴퓨터를 사용할 때 가장 필요한 접근성 도구들을 추려 이들을 하나의 UI로 통합하고, 사용자의 시선을 추적하는 Tobii사의 시선추적장치를 이와 융합한다. 즉, 신체적 제약이 따르더라도 컴퓨터 사용을 도와줄 수 있는 도구들의 접근성을 개선하여 시선추적 돋보기를 포함한 통합 UI 시스템을 설계 및 구현한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1089-1098
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• 2009

Recently, many researches of making more comfortable input device based on gaze detection technology have been performed in human computer interface. Previous researches were performed on the computer environment with a large sized monitor. With recent increase of using mobile device, the necessities of interfacing by gaze detection on mobile environment were also increased. In this paper, we research about the gaze detection method by using UMPC (Ultra-Mobile PC) and an embedded camera of UMPC based on face and facial feature detection by AAM (Active Appearance Model). This paper has following three originalities. First, different from previous research, we propose a method for tracking user's gaze position in mobile device which has a small sized screen. Second, in order to detect facial feature points, we use AAM. Third, gaze detection accuracy is not degraded according to Z distance based on the normalization of input features by using the features which are obtained in an initial user calibration stage. Experimental results showed that gaze detection error was 1.77 degrees and it was reduced by mouse dragging based on the additional facial movement.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

This paper describes the experiments of gaze tracking utilizing a low-cost electrooculogram measuring device. The goal of the experiments is to verify whether the low-cost device can be used for a complicated human-computer interaction tool, such as the eye-writing. Two experiments are conducted for this goal: a simple gaze tracking of four directional eye-movements, and eye-writing-which is to draw letters or shapes in a virtual space. Eye-written alphabets were obtained by two PSL-iEOGs and an Arduino Uno; they were classified by dynamic positional warping after preprocessed by a wavelet function. The results show that the expected recognition accuracy of the four-directional recognition is close to 90% when noises are controlled, and the similar median accuracy (90.00%) was achieved for the eye-writing when the number of writing patterns are limited to five. In future works, additional algorithms for stabilizing the signal need to be developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

This study is to analyze the concentration of visual perception of the subject through the eye-tracking experiments targeting popular characters and to investigate it is effective to highlight which part of the character in inducing consumers' interest and curiosity. As a result of the study, the subjects paid more attention to the face than the character's body, and also noted a little attention to auxiliary elements such as pants, tees, shoes, and whiskers. These results mean there is clearly different factor in which the subject's gaze on the character frequently stays and does for a long time. Therefore, the designers should recognize the differences of the concentration of visual perception by character components as a differentiating factor to feel the emotional satisfaction such as the user's interest, empathy, and immersion in the character and actively reflect it when developing the character design. In addition, there was a difference in the visual perception concentration of each of the auxiliary elements, and if careful research is done on whether the influence factors are also due to individual characteristics or another influential factors, it will be a wider study on character design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1516-1517
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• 2015

일반적인 시선추적 장치에서는 근적외선 카메라, 렌즈 및 근적외선 조명이 필수적으로 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저가의 소형 시선추적시스템 구성에 필요한 근적외선 카메라, 렌즈 및 근적외선 조명의 성능을 비교/분석하였다.

• ICROS
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 1997

이 글에서는 전술유도무기체계에서 호밍유도의 PNG 다음으로 많이 채택하고 있는 시선지령유도의 유도루우프 설계기술에 대해 논하고자 한다. 이를 위해 유도루우프를 구성하고 있는 부체계인 표적추적장치, 오차보상기, feedforward 보상기에 대해 살펴보고 유도루우프를 설계할 때 고려해야 할 유도오차를 발생시키는 요인인 표적의 기동, glint noise 등의 영향에 대해 분석한다. 또한 유도탄의 기동력과 지령수신기의 수신감도에 따라 결정되는 명중영역의 산출과 시선유도의 발전추세에 대해 언급하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.49-64
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• 2008

Recently, many researches about making more comfortable input device based on gaze detection technology have been done in human computer interface. However, the system cost becomes high due to the complicated hardware and there is difficulty to use the gaze detection system due to the complicated user calibration procedure. In this paper, we propose a new gaze detection method based on the 2D analysis and a simple user calibration. Our method used a small USB (Universal Serial Bus) camera attached on a HMD (Head-Mounted Display), hot-mirror and IR (Infra-Red) light illuminator. Because the HMD is moved according to user's facial movement, we can implement the gaze detection system of which performance is not affected by facial movement. In addition, we apply our gaze detection system to 3D first person shooting game. From that, the gaze direction of game character is controlled by our gaze detection method and it can target the enemy character and shoot, which can increase the immersion and interest of game. Experimental results showed that the game and gaze detection system could be operated at real-time speed in one desktop computer and we could obtain the gaze detection accuracy of 0.88 degrees. In addition, we could know our gaze detection technology could replace the conventional mouse in the 3D first person shooting game.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

The eye tracking technology is widespread all around the society, and is demonstrating great performances in both preciseness and convenience. Hereby we can glimpse new possibility of an interface's conduct without screen-touching. This technology can become a new way of conversation for those including but not limited to the patients suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, who are paralyzed each part by part of the body and finally cannot help but only moving eyes. Formerly in that case, the patients were given nothing to do but waiting for the death, even being unable to communicate with there families. A new interface that harnesses eyes as a new means of communication, although it conveys great difficulty, can be helpful for them. There surely are some eye tracking systems and equipment for their exclusive uses on the market. Notwithstanding, several obstacles including the complexity of operation and their high prices of over 12 million won($9,300) are hindering universal supply to people and coverage for the patients. Therefore, this paper suggests wearable-type eye tracking device that can support minorities and vulnerable people and be occupied inexpensively and study eye tracking method in order to maximize the possibility of future development across the world, finally proposing the way of designing and developing a brought-down costed eye tracking system based on high-efficient wearable device.