• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시료채취기준

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A Comparison Study of Aerosol Samplers for PM10 Mass Concentration Measurement (PM10 질량농도 측정을 위한 시료채취기의 비교 연구)

  • Park, Ju-Myon;Koo, Ja-Kon;Jeong, Tae-Young;Kwon, Dong-Myung;Yoo, Jong-Ik;Seo, Yong-Chil
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2009
  • A PM10 (aerodynamic diameter${\leq}$10 ${\mu}m$) sampler is used to quantify the potential human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) and to comply with the governmental regulation. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the same PM10 cutpoint and different slopes between United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) PM10 sampling criterion and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists/$Comit\acute{e}$ $Europ\acute{e}en$ de Normalization/International Organization for Standardization thoracic PM10 sampling criterion through theory and experiment. Four PM10 samplers according to the USEPA criterion and one RespiCon sampler in accordance with the thoracic PM10 criterion were used in the present study. In addition, one DustTrak monitor was used to measure real time PM10 mass concentrations. All six aerosol samplers were tested in a PM generation chamber using polydisperse fly ash. Theoretical mass concentrations were calculated by applying the measured particle size distribution characteristics (geometric mean = 6.6 ${\mu}m$, geometric standard deviation = 1.9) of fly ash to each sampling criterion. The measured mass concentrations through a chamber experiment were consistent with theoretical mass concentrations in that a RespiCon sampler with the thoracic PM10 criterion collected less PM than a PM10 sampler with the USEPA criterion. The overall chamber experiment results indicated, when a PM10 sampler was used as a reference sampler, that (1) a RespiCon sampler had a normalizing factor of 1.6, meaning that this sampler underestimated an average 60% of PM10 mass sampled from a PM10 sampler, and (2) a DustTrak real-time monitor using a PM10 inlet had a calibration factor of 2.1.

Suggestions for river bed material sampling criteria (하상재료 Sampling 기준에 대한 제안)

  • Cho, Hong-Je;Lee, Kyeong-Won;Lee, Jea-Ho;Park, Jong-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.206-210
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    • 2011
  • 하상재료 조사 결과는 하천 계획과 개발의 기초 자료로 사용한다. 그러나 우리나라에는 하천 특성을 반영한 적절한 하상재료 조사 및 분석 방법을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 태화강 도시하천 연장 5km 구간에서 높은 밀도로 시료채취를 시행한 후 하상재료의 분석 결과를 토대로 국내 하천 실정에 맞는 하상 재료 조사 및 분석 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 대상구간 5km에 대하여 250m 간격으로 시료 채취 간격을 설정하고, 하천의 중심 및 좌 우안의 시료를 채취하였으며, 심도별로 시료를 분리하여, 시료의 공간적 분포 특성을 판별할 수 있도록 하였다. 한편, 시료의 입도 분포와 유기물질 함량과의 관계, 입도 분포와 거리와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과로부터 향후 시료채취의 적절한 간격과 시료채취의 적절한 깊이를 제안할 수 있다. 연구 성과는 하천 관련 계획이나 개발에서 실용적인 방법으로 활용할 수 있다.

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낙동강 강변여과수 개발부지 지하수 수질의 수직분포 특성

  • 현승규;우남칠;신우식
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2004.09a
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    • pp.321-325
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    • 2004
  • 국내 충적층의 철, 망간 문제는 지속적으로 지적되어오던 수질항목이다. 충적층 지하수 내 철과 망간의 용존 특성을 확인하고자 강변여과수 부지에서 지하수의 수리지화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Fe와 Mn에 의해 오염된 관정은 D-2와 DS-3로 모두 3월에 채취한 시료이며 NO$_3$-N는 모두 0 m/L 이다. NO$_3$-N에 대해 다른 관정은 2 mg/L NO$_3$-N를 넘고 있으며, DS-8와 DS-3에서 11.30과 20.2 mg/L NO$_3$-N의 값으로 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하고 있다. Mn에 대해 오염된 관정은 SJ-3이다. 10월에 채취한 시료에서 DS-2+l8 m에서 채취한 시료가 1.16 mg/L인 것을 제외하고 대부분의 시료가 2 mg/L를 초과하고 있고, DS-6+l3 m과 SJ-3+10 m에서 채취한 시료가 각각 10.71과 10.31 mg/L NO$_3$-N로 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하고 있다. DO 검층 자료와 NO$_3$-N 농도를 이용하여 Fe와 Mn이 먹는물 수질 기준을 초과하는 D-2와 DS-2 관정의 지하수 체의 혐기성 상태임을 확인하였다. 강변여과수 지역은 전반적으로 NO$_3$-N에 대해 인위적인 오염이 발생하고 있으며, 혐기성 상태 구간이 존재함에 따라서 Fe와 Mn이 먹는물 수질 기준을 초과하여 용존 상태로 존재한다.

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Air Sampling For Volatile Organics Using an Adsorbent (흡착제를 이용한 휘발성 유기물 채취)

  • ;L.R.Berrafato
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 1992
  • To perform a long-term ambient sampling study at a residential site, an air sampler was constructed to collect 24-hour integrated air samples suitable for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. It includes an esthetically acceptance due to proximity to homes, as fell as providing the required sampling specifications. The VOCs sampler accomodates four 5/8 "stainless steel(SS) traps packed with adsorbent(Tenax) and is capable of four flow rates in the range of 5 to 50 cc/min. Sintered metal filters(10 micrometer) were directly connected to the inlet of the trap adapters. Additional specifications include: 1) constructed of organically inert materials, 2) weatherproof, 3) battery operated, 4) collecting of VOCs at a breathing zone level, and 5) quiet operation with micro diaphragm pumps wrapped by the sponge. The pump/battery system was separated from the sampling shelter. Sound levels measured for this system were below permissible sound levels (NJDEP) at a residential site. The sampler has been successfully operated at both ground level in a residential area and on the roof of a one story elementary school.hool.

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Performance Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 Samplers with an Advanced Chamber System (챔버 기술 개발을 통한 PM10과 PM2.5 시료채취기의 수행 특성)

  • Kim, Do-Hyeon;Kim, Seon-Hong;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Cho, Seung-Yeon;Park, Ju-Myon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.739-746
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    • 2010
  • The purposes of this study are 1) to develop an advanced chamber system within ${\pm}10%$ of air velocity at the particulate matter (PM) collection area, 2) to research theoretical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 samplers, 3) to assess the performance characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 samplers through chamber experiments. The total six one-hour experiments were conducted using the cornstarch with an mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of $20\;{\mu}m$ and an geometric standard deviation of 2.0 at the two different air velocity conditions of 0.67 m/s and 2.15 m/s in the chamber. The aerosol samplers used in the present study are one APM PM10 and one PM2.5 samplers accordance with the US federal reference methods and specially designed three mini-volume aerosol samplers (two for PM10 and one for PM2.5). The overall results indicate that PM10 and PM2.5 mini-volume samplers need correction factors of 0.25 and 0.39 respectively when APM PM samplers considered as reference samplers and there is significant difference between two mini-volume aerosol samplers when a two-way analysis of variance is tested using the measured PM10 mass concentrations. The PM10 and PM2.5 samplers with the cutpoints and slopes (PM10: $10{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}m$ and $1.5{\pm}0.1$, PM2.5: $2.5{\pm}0.2\;{\mu}m$ and $1.3{\pm}0.03$) theoretically collect the ranges of 86~114% and 64~152% considering the cornstarch characteristics used in this research. Furthermore, the calculated mass concentrations of PM samplers are higher than the ideal mass concentrations when the airborne MMADs for the cornstarch used are smaller than the cutpoints of PM samplers and the PM samplers collected less PM in another case. The chamber experiment also showed that PM10 and PM2.5 samplers had the bigger collection ranges of 37~158% and 55~149% than the theocratical calculated mass concentration ranges and the relatively similar mass concentration ranges were measured at the air velocity of 2.15 m/s comparing with the 0.67 m/s.

Evaluation of Strength and Concentration of Odor according to the Air Sampling and Measuring Methods (악취 측정과 시료채취기법이 악취세기 및 성분농도 평가에 미치는 영향)

  • 양성봉;김현정;김석민
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.127-128
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    • 2000
  • 악취 측정은 악취의 배출 허용을 판정하는데 대단히 중요한 기술이라 할 수 있다. 우리나라의 경우 악취배출 허용기준은 대기환경보전법에 명시되어 있으며 그 규제기준의 준법성 여부는 직접 관능법에 의한 악취 세기, 희석배율(악취농도) 및 기기측정에 의한 악취성분의 농도에 의해 판정하고 있다. 최근 악취민원이 전국으로 확산되면서 악취 배출원을 갖는 사업장과 악취오염의 피해를 입는 주민의 입장에서 악취의 허용배출의 정도에 대한 견해차이가 부각되면서 악취의 측정이나 시료채취에 대한 합리성이 요구되고 있다.(중략)

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An Assessment of Air Sampling Location for Stack Monitoring in Nuclear Facility (원자력시설 굴뚝 내 공기시료채취 위치의 적절성 평가)

  • Lee, JungBok;Kim, TaeHyoung;Lee, JongIl;Kim, BongHwan
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 2017
  • In this study, air sampling locations in the stack of the Advanced Fuel Science Building (AFSB) at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) were assessed according to the ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999 specification. The velocity profile, flow angle and $10{\mu}m$ aerosol particle profile at the cross-section as functions of stack height L and stack diameter D (L/D) were assessed according to the sampling location criteria using COMSOL. The criteria for the velocity profile were found to be met at 5 L/D or more for the height, and the criteria for the average flow angle were met at all locations through this assessment. The criteria for the particle profile were met at 5 L/D and 9 L/D. However, the particle profile at the cross-section of each sampling location was found to be non-uniform. In order to establish uniformity of the particle profile, a static mixer and a perimeter ring were modeled, after which the degrees of effectiveness of these components were compared. Modeling using the static mixer indicated that the sampling locations that met the criteria for the particle profile were 5-10 L/D. When modeling using the perimeter ring, the sampling locations that met the criteria for particle profile were 5 L/D and 7-10 L/D. The criteria for the velocity profile and the average flow angle were also met at the sampling locations that met the criteria for the particle profile. The methodologies used in this study can also be applied during assessments of air sampling locations when monitoring stacks at new nuclear facilities as well as existing nuclear facilities.

Evaluation of the Measurement Uncertainty from the Standard Operating Procedures(SOP) of the National Environmental Specimen Bank (국가환경시료은행 생태계 대표시료의 채취 및 분석 표준운영절차에 대한 단계별 측정불확도 평가 연구)

  • Lee, Jongchun;Lee, Jangho;Park, Jong-Hyouk;Lee, Eugene;Shim, Kyuyoung;Kim, Taekyu;Han, Areum;Kim, Myungjin
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.607-618
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    • 2015
  • Five years have passed since the first set of environmental samples was taken in 2011 to represent various ecosystems which would help future generations lead back to the past environment. Those samples have been preserved cryogenically in the National Environmental Specimen Bank(NESB) at the National Institute of Environmental Research. Even though there is a strict regulation (SOP, standard operating procedure) that rules over the whole sampling procedure to ensure each sample to represent the sampling area, it has not been put to the test for the validation. The question needs to be answered to clear any doubts on the representativeness and the quality of the samples. In order to address the question and ensure the sampling practice set in the SOP, many steps to the measurement of the sample, that is, from sampling in the field and the chemical analysis in the lab are broken down to evaluate the uncertainty at each level. Of the 8 species currently taken for the cryogenic preservation in the NESB, pine tree samples from two different sites were selected for this study. Duplicate samples were taken from each site according to the sampling protocol followed by the duplicate analyses which were carried out for each discrete sample. The uncertainties were evaluated by Robust ANOVA; two levels of uncertainty, one is the uncertainty from the sampling practice, and the other from the analytical process, were then compiled to give the measurement uncertainty on a measured concentration of the measurand. As a result, it was confirmed that it is the sampling practice not the analytical process that accounts for the most of the measurement uncertainty. Based on the top-down approach for the measurement uncertainty, the efficient way to ensure the representativeness of the sample was to increase the quantity of each discrete sample for the making of a composite sample, than to increase the number of the discrete samples across the site. Furthermore, the cost-effective approach to enhance the confidence level on the measurement can be expected from the efforts to lower the sampling uncertainty, not the analytical uncertainty. To test the representativeness of a composite sample of a sampling area, the variance within the site should be less than the difference from duplicate sampling. For that, a criterion, ${i.e.s^2}_{geochem}$(across the site variance) <${s^2}_{samp}$(variance at the sampling location) was proposed. In light of the criterion, the two representative samples for the two study areas passed the requirement. In contrast, whenever the variance of among the sampling locations (i.e. across the site) is larger than the sampling variance, more sampling increments need to be added within the sampling area until the requirement for the representativeness is achieved.

A Study on the Improvement of Fire Resistant performance Test about onsite Treated Materials (현장방염처리물품의 성능검사 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sung-Eun;Kim, Hwang-Jin;Oh, Kyu-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.124-127
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    • 2008
  • 현장방염처리 물품의 방염성능평가시 실내 인테리어 공사가 끝난 후 시험 시료를 채취하여 연소시험을 실시하게 되어있다. 그러나 이러한 절차로 인해 검사 소요시간이 길어지고 여러 민원이 발생하여 이를 대처할 시험 방법이 필요하다. 따라서 연소시험 대신 도막두께 측정 시험 방법을 도입하여 방염성능평가에 따른 문제점들을 해결하고자 한다. 도막두께 측정 시험의 경우 도막두께 측정용 라벨을 방염도료를 칠해야 하는 합판이나 목재 위에 붙이고 도료 작업이 끝나고 나면 관할 소방서에 이 라벨을 떼어서 제출하여 기준 도막 두께와 비교 측정하였을 때 기준 도막두께보다 두꺼우면 방염성능을 인정해주고 만약 기준 도막두께보다 얇게 칠해지면 현장 검사 또는 시료 채취 후 연소시험을 병행하여 검사함으로서 안전하고, 책임 있는 방염성능 시공을 할 수 있도록 관리 감독할 수 있을 것이다.

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심부시추공 지하수의 심도별 지화학 특성

  • 최현수;고용권;김경수;배대석;김천수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.229-232
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    • 2002
  • 대전 북부 화강암지역 내 심도 500m까지 굴착한 시추공에 다중패커 시스템(Multi-packer system)을 이용하여 구간별로 지하수 시료채취를 수행하고, 시추공 지하수에 대한 지화학 특성 연구를 수행하였다. 다중패커 시스템에 의해 구간별로 격리된 시추공 지하수의 수리화학자료는 구간별로 특징적인 화학조성을 나타낸다 다중패커 시스탬이 설치된 직후 채취한 지하수 시료와 일정시간이 경과한 후 채취한 시료간에는 시기별로 화학특성의 차이를 보이는데 이는 시추당시 사용된 시추수의 영향 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 심도 115m를 기준으로 상부구간과 하부구간에 지화학 특성에서 큰 차이를 보이고 있는데 이는 시추공 굴착당시 단열대의 붕괴로 인해 시공된 그라우팅의 영향 때문이다. 이상치를 보이는 115m 구간을 제외하고, 시추공 지하수의 지화학 자료는 구간별로 명확히 구별되어 화강암 지역에서 지하수의 유동은 단열분포특성에 영향을 받음이 확인되었다.

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