• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시금치

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Development of Spinach Harvester - Fundamental study on Spinach harvesting - (시금치 수확기 개발 - 시금치 수확에 관한 기초연구 -)

  • Jun, H.J.;Choi, Y.;Kim, Y.K.;Hong, J.T.;Cho, Y.M.;Hong, S.B.;Kang, W.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 2003
  • 가. 시금치를 기계로 일시에 수확하기 위해서는 기계파종에 의한 균일한 재배가 선행되어야 한다. 나. 시금치 수확요인시험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 절단날의 경사각이 0$^{\circ}$일 때 토양절단부하가 가장 적고 토양거동변화가 적어 시금치의 수확에 유리하였다. (2) 시금치 뿌리절단시험에서 뿌리절단날 종류별 뿌리절단부하는 산형 뿌리절단날의 내각이 작을수록 작았고, 일자날 일 때 크게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며, 일자날이 뿌리절단날의 토양절단 깊이에 대한 평균 뿌리절단길이가 가장 근접한 것으로 나타났다. (3) 뿌리가 절단된 시금치를 걷어올리는 시험에서는 주행속도 0.3m/sec, 체인컨베이어의 이송속도 0.5m/sec, 체인컨베이어의 이송각도 24$^{\circ}$, 지면에서 체인의 높이가 5cm 일 때 뿌리절단깊이 4cm 이하에서 시금치의 걷어올림 및 흙 분리가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. (중략)

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Optimization of Germinated Brown Rice Cookie with Added Spinach Powder (시금치 가루를 첨가한 발아현미쿠키의 최적화)

  • Lee, Hee-Jeong;Joo, Na-Mi
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.707-716
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    • 2010
  • Germinated brown rice is a useful material that contains natural nutrients and biologically active substances. This study was conducted to develop a optimal composite recipe for functional germinated brown rice cookie with added spinach (spinacia oleracea L) powder and with high preference in all age groups. The experimental design utilized herein was based on the Central composite design methodology of response surface, which included 16 experimental points, including 2 replicates for spinach, sugar, and butter. The physical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixed final product. The results of spread ratio decreased significantly with increases in spinach powder, sugar, and butter(p<0.01). L value shows that lightness decreased significantly with an increase in sugar(p<0.05), but the a and b values were not significant. Sensory evaluation found significant values for color(p<0.05), flavor(p<0.05), texture(p<0.05) and overall quality(p<0.05) in the predicted model. The optimum formulation by the numerical and graphical methods was calculated as follows: spinach powder 3 g, sugar 35.5 g butter 54.4 g.

Antioxidant Activities of Selenium-Treated Spinacia oleracea L. (셀레늄 강화 시금치의 항산화 활성)

  • Song, Won-Yeong;Chun, Sung-Sik;Choi, Jeong-Hwa
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.510-515
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    • 2018
  • In the present study, we investigated the anti-oxidant activities of selenium-treated Spinacia oleracea L. by utilizing experiments in vitro assays. The selenium content of non-treated spinach in this study was noted at $61.19{\mu}g/kg$, whereby the selenium-treated spinach which was treated by a 2000 mg/kg selenium was 1000-fold diluted, and was reported to be about 4 times higher than that of non-treated spinach. In this case, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was measured as stronger than that of the identified non-treated spinach. By the same token, the DPPH radical activity of non-treated spinach and selenium-treated spinach was recorded as 46.05~52.75% and 49.52~59.09% respectively. It is emphasized that the 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity as revealed in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was noted as being stronger than that of non-treated spinach. The ABTS radical activity of non-treated spinach and selenium-treated spinach was 11.85~52.01% and 27.14~53.59% respectively. In this respect, the nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity and reducing power activity in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was identified and noted as stronger than that of non-treated spinach. These results suggest that selenium-treated spinach could possibly be more useful as a potential antioxidant to improve human health outcomes, than the non-treated spinach.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv Ace) Nitrate Reductase cDNA (시금치 nitrate reductase cDNA 클로닝 및 염기서열 분석)

  • Park, Nu-Ri;Chung, Jong-Bae;Park, Sang-Gyu
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.129-133
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    • 2002
  • Suppression of nitrate accumulation in spinach and lettuce through foliar application of chitosan formula containing micronutrients is related with the increase of the nitrate reductase (NR) activity. If NR in spinach were highly expressed to increase the assimilatory activity, nitrate content could be reduced. For this, NR cDNA was cloned from the isolated mRNAs of spinach using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Nucleotide sequence of cloned spinach NR cDNA showed highly deduced amino acid sequence identity ($71{\sim}82%$) with other known plant NR genes. Only two nucleotide-base differences were observed in the cloned NR cDNA compared with that of the published spinach NR cDNA.

Quality and Antioxidant Properties of the Jelly according to Different Addition Ratios of Indian Spinach Fruit Juice Solution (인디언 시금치 열매 착즙액 첨가 비율에 따른 젤리의 품질 및 항산화 특성)

  • Moon, Jong-Hee;Park, Ki-Bong;Hong, Ki-Woon;Kang, Byong-nam
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of developing new jelly product with healthy function by the physio-chemical analysis and sensory test of jelly sample groups adding each 20~80% of squeezed Indian spinach liquid. Sugar contents of squeezed Indian spinach liquid was $3.4^{\circ}Brix$. From chromatography, L-value has been decreased by increasing the adding rate of squeezed Indian spinach liquid, and both a-value (redness) and b-value (yellowness) have shown similar trend. According to the measuring result of squeezed Indian spinach liquid the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 15.67 mg/mL, and its total polyphenol contents was 7.00 mg/g. By increasing squeezed Indian spinach liquid, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol contents have shown increasing tendency. Among textures of squeezed Indian spinach liquid, for hardness, sample group of 20% adding was the highest by 4.27%, and for adhesiveness the sample group of 20% adding was the highest by 2.48%, and the lowest was sample group of 80% adding with 0.91%. From the result of sensory test the sample group adding 40% of squeezed Indian spinach liquid has been appraised the most highly in color, scent, sweet taste, chewiness, moistness, and general preference. According to the above results, it is understood that the 40% adding rate of squeezed Indian spinach liquid, when producing jelly, would be the most compatible rate of adding.

Changes of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Bacteria in Spinach during Cook-Chill Process (시금치의 cook-chill 가공 중 오염지표균 및 병원성세균의 변화)

  • Kim, Hye-Jung;Park, Jae-Kap;Lee, Dong-Sun;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.927-930
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    • 2002
  • Spinach minimally processed using cook-chill and sous vide techniques was vacuum-packed in low gas permeable plastic film, pasteurized at $70^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, cooled rapidly at $3^{\circ}C$, and stored at 3 and $10^{\circ}C$. Contents of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were measared to identify the degree of food contamination. Number of mesophilic bacteria, detected at $2.2{\times}10^8\;cfu/g$ in raw spinish, decreased to about $6.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/g$ after cook-chill process. During the storage at 3 or $10^{\circ}C$, levels of mesophilic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria increased, whereas total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were not detected. Twelve strains of Aeromonas hydphila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined for detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in spinach. B. cereus and C. perfringens were isolated from raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated only from washed spinach. S. aureus was isolated from raw and washed spinach, but not from cook-chilled spinach. Other pathogenic organisms were not detected in raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach.

Development of spinach processing machine (시금치 조제기 개발)

  • 홍성기;정성근;박회만;최희석
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2002.07a
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    • pp.357-362
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    • 2002
  • 시금치는 비타민과 칼슘이 많은 알칼리성 건강채소이며 잎을 이용하는 잎 채소의 하나로 비닐하우스 내에서나 노지에서 사철 재배되는 채소이다. 이 시금치는 산지에서 연간 9-10개월 정도 출하되며 매일 밭에서 낫이나 칼로 수확한 시금치를 과일상자나 푸대 등에 담아서 운반하여 하우스나 가옥 등의 일정한 장소에서 떡잎이나 하엽 등의 못쓰는 잎과 뿌리 등을 절단하여 다듬기 작업을 한 후에 상자나 묶음으로 하여 출하하고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

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Factors Affecting the Components of Chlorophyll Pigment in Spinach during Storage (저장 중 시금치의 클로로필 색소 성분에 영향을 주는 요인)

  • Choe, Eun-Ok;Lee, Hyeon-Gyu;Park, Kwan-Hwa;Lee, Sang-Hwa
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2001
  • Factors such as temperature $(20,\;60^{\circ}C)$), pH (4.5, 7.0), gaseous phase $(N_2,\;0_2)$, and light (0 lux, 5,000 lux), antioxidants and packaging conditions were investigated to study the effects of above factors on the chlorophyll components in spinach during storage. Regardless of other factors, as the storage temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ and pH decreased from 7.0 to 4.5, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach decreased significantly (P<0.05). The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach stored in nitrogen gas were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in sample in oxygen phase. As the light intensity increased from 0 lux to 5,000 lux during storage, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The antioxidants reduced the degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during dark storage by minimization of free radical oxidation. The effectiveness of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>${\beta}-carotene$>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaempherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during light storage was minimized by antioxidants due to the reduction of singlet oxygen oxidation. The antidiscoloring potential of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\beta}-carotene$>${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaem-pherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freeze dried spinach packed with polyethylene bag were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in non-packed freeze dried spinach. The package of spinach in polyethylene bag with the combination of antioxidants could be used to minimize the degradation of chlorophyll components in spinach during storage.

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Investigations on the Virus Diseases in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) II. Identification of Broad Bean Wilt Virus Occuring Spinach (시금치 바이러스병에 관한 연구 II. 시금치에 발생하는 Broad Bean Wilt Virus (BBWV)의 분류동정)

  • Lee S. H.;Lee K. W.;Chung B. J.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.18 no.1 s.38
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    • pp.11-14
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    • 1979
  • Spinaches showing dark green mosaic symptoms were used for identification of broad bean wilt virus. In host reaction test, that virus caused local lesions on the inoculated leaves and mosaic symptoms on upper leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa and Vicia faba, and developed mosaic symptoms on Physalis floridana, Spinacia oleracea, Nicotiana tabacum, (White burley, Bright yellow) Nicotiana glutinusa. In agar gel-diffusion test, the virus showed positive reaction with broad bean wilt virus antiserum. Spherical virus particles with size of 25nm in diameter were observed in electron microscope.

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