• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1999

Seed-propagation of Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum) takes 2 years to shorten the period for becoming a practical method. The experiment was done to establish a proper method of breaking the epicotyl dormancy in bulk seed-propagation. Seedlings with a bulbil were treated with $GA_3$ every 2 days for 4 or 8 days and chilling treatments at $3^{\circ}C$ were enforced for 4, 6, 8 or 12 weeks. Emergence- and growth-related characteristics were examined immediately after the treatments, 3 and 6 weeks later. Rate of cotyledonary sheath rupture immediately after $GA_3$ treatment was greater in its 8-day treatment than in 4-day although its effect disappeared later. However, any epicotyl treated with $GA_3$ solution did not elongate so that new seedlings disemerged over the bed soil. That resulted from not breaking the epicotyl dormancy since $GA_3$ did not rupture all of the cotyledonary sheath formed with several sheets and consequently, the solution did not reach it. The $GA_3$ treatment for bulk seed-propagation, therefore, was impractical method. On the contrary, the chilling treatment was able to be applied to the seed-propagation because of getting the cotyledonary sheath rupture and the epicotyl elongation. Seedling emergence and its growth after chilling treatment were influenced by chilling period although required at least over 6-week treatment for satisfactory results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the surface spraying effect of materials on the rheological properties of frozen starch with microwave heating. Microwave helps reduce cooking time by high temperature, but swiftly snatches moisture from foods such as frozen starches (buns and noodles etc) and makes surface of foods harder. Four types of maltodextrin materials have been prepared for different concentration solutions and sprayed on surface doughs of sheet type. Sprayed dough samples were Quickly frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$ and wrapped with polypropylene film. All the treated samples were kept at 0, -20 and $-50^{\circ}C$, and then taken out periodically for measurement of the quality during storage. The quality attributes evaluated after heating with microwave energy include sensory quality retrogradation, texture, surface color and microstructure. The quality of frozen starches deteriorated with long term storage even at low temperatures of -20 and $-50^{\circ}C$, and the spray materials were found to improve the textural and physical properties of frozen starches in the microwave heating. Particularly, maltodextrin with D.E value of $9\~12$ had the most desirable effects of quality improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2001

Two kinds of samples were prepared from the loin in the carcass with grade B2 and D, which were chilled for 24 hour after slaughter. The fresh beef in this study were obtained by chilling the loin for 1 day after wrapping them. On the other hand, the chilled beef were obtained by cutting the loin by 500 g and chilling them for 30 day after vacuum packing. The experiment was carried out to compare the palatability related with characteristics of loin with grade B2 and D and to investigate the chilling effect of the loin with grade D. In the case of fresh beef, it was found that the loin with grade B2 has better meat color, but lower pH, lactic acid content, and myoglobin content, than them of the loin with grade D. Also, the loin with grade B2 has lower tenderness due to its low hardness and chewiness, and high myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). Furthermore, it has high monounsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (MUFA/SFA) and ATP content, and good raw meat aroma. It also shows an excellent palatability of cooked meat, although it has low cooking loss and heat shotening. On the other hand, the loin with grade D has higher chilling effect on hardness, chewiness, MFI and MUFA/SFA, than them of the loin with grade B2. However, in the case of chilled beef, the loin with grade D shows much worse tenderness, cooked meat aroma, and palatability than them of the loin with grade B2.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.315-322
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• 2002

최근에 경험적 지식을 체계화하는 방법으로 사례기반추론(CBR: Case Based Reasoning) 및 규칙기반추론(RBR: Rule Based Reasoning)이 여러 분야에서 이용되고 있다. CBR과 RBR이 각각 활용되기도 하지만 문제 해결의 정확성을 높이기 위해 복합된 형태로 사용되기도 하고, 흑은 효과적으로 문제를 해결하기 위해 문제 해결 단계별로 각각 사용되기도 한다 또한 데이터에서 지식을 추출하기 위한 세부 알고리즘으로는 인공지능과 통계적 분석기법 등이 활발하게 연구 및 적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 모니터의 핵심 부품인 섀도우마스크(Shadow Mask)를 개발하는데 있어 도면 협의부터 설계가지의 과정에 CBR과 RBR을 활용하고 발생되는 데이터를 이용하여 진화(Evolution)하는 지식기반시스템(Knowledge Based System)으로 구축하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 특히 도면 협의시 인터넷상에 웹서버 시스템을 통하여 규격 (User Spec.)을 생성하고 이를 이용하여 자동으로 도면이 설계되도록 하고 저장된 사례들을 공유할 수 있도록 하여 도면 검토 시간이 단축되고 검토의 정확성을 기할 수 있어 실패비용을 감소시켰다. 그리고 실제 설계시 CBR과 RBR을 활용하여 자동설계를 할 수 있게 하였고 현장에서 발생되는 데이터를 지식화하여 유사사례 설계가 가능하도록 하였다. 지식기반시스템은 신속한 도면 검토가 가능하므로 인원 활용이 극대화되고, 섀도우 마스크 설계자와 마스터 패턴 설계자 사이의 원활한 의사소통을 통해 고객과의 신뢰성 확보와 신인도 향상을 기대할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 그리고 고급설계자에게만 의지되어온 것을 어느 정도 해결할 수 있고, 신입설계자에게는 훌륭한 교육시스템이 될 수 있다.한 도구임을 입증하였다는 점에서 큰 의의를 갖는다고 하겠다.운 선용품 판매 및 관련 정보 제공 등 해운 거래를 위한 종합적인 서비스가 제공되어야 한다. 이를 위해, 본문에서는 e-Marketplace의 효율적인 연계 방안에 대해 해운 관련 업종별로 제시하고 있다. 리스트 제공형, 중개형, 협력형, 보완형, 정보 연계형 등이 있는데, 이는 해운 분야에서 사이버 해운 거래가 가지는 문제점들을 보완하고 업종간 협업체제를 이루어 원활한 거래를 유도할 것이다. 그리하여 우리나라가 동북아 지역뿐만 아니라 세계적인 해운 국가 및 물류 ·정보 중심지로 성장할 수 있는 여건을 구축하는데 기여할 것이다. 나타내었다.약 1주일간의 포르말린 고정이 끝난 소장 및 대장을 부위별, 별 종양개수 및 분포를 자동영상분석기(Kontron Co. Ltd., Germany)로 분석하였다. 체의 변화, 장기무게, 사료소비량 및 마리당 종양의 개수에 대한 통계학적 유의성 검증을 위하여 Duncan's t-test로 통계처리 하였고, 종양 발생빈도에 대하여는 Likelihood ration Chi-square test로 유의성을 검증하였다. C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군의 대장선종의 발생률은 84%(Group 3; 21/25례)로써 I3C 100ppm 및 300ppm을 투여한 경우에 있어서는 각군 모두 60%(Group 1; 12/20 례, Group 2; 15/25 례)로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대장선종의 마리당 발생개수에 있어서는 C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2017

유역 물순환 개선 기술은 기후변화 및 토지이용변화가 진행 중에 있거나 예상되는 지역에 대하여 강우-유출수를 지연, 저류, 침투시켜 지속가능한 물순환체계를 유지?회복하도록 하는 기술이라 할 수 있다. 기후변화 및 토지이용변화에 따른 영향을 평가하고, 지속가능한 유역 물순환체계를 구축하여 적응 전략을 체계적으로 수립하기 위해서는 물순환 개선 기술의 정립 및 개발이 필수적이다. 그러나 현재 유역 물순환 개선기술은 일부 시가화 지역에 국한되어 있어 유역 규모의 개선 전략을 수립하는데 한계가 있다. 또한, 물순환계의 변화량을 평가하기 위한 모형화 기법 역시 해외에서 개발된 기술을 여과 없이 도입하여 국내의 환경을 충분히 반영하기는 어렵다. 개발된 유역 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템은 기존 국가연구개발사업을 통해 개발되고 사업화에 성공한 바 있는 유역 물순환 평가 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 수정 및 개선하여 기후변화에 따른 영향을 평가하고 적응 대책을 수립하기 위한 실무적인 소프트웨어이다. 침투트렌치, 식생침투트렌치, 습지, 저류지, 빗물탱크 등의 물순환개선시설에 대한 효과를 평가할 수 있도록 개별시설의 제원에 따른 물순환개선 효과를 정량적으로 평가하여 제시한다. 기후변화에 따른 장기간의 유역 물순환을 평가하기 위해서는 물리적 매개변수 기반의 수문해석 보다는 단순환된 개념적 매개변수 기반의 집중형 장기유출 해석이 필요할 수 있다. 따라서 국내외에서 많이 사용되고 있는 장기 일유출 모형(GR4J, GSM, HBV, SYMHYD, TANK, TPHM 등)을 유역 물순환 개선 평가 플랫폼에 탑재함으로써 소유역의 특성을 반영한 기후변화 적응 일유출 해석이 가능하도록 하였으며, 각 모형들의 매개변수는 수동보정 외에도 SCE-UA를 이용한 자동보정이 가능하도록 시스템으로 구축하였다. 개발된 유역물순환 개선 및 평가시스템은 실무적 차원에서 기후변화에 따른 유역 물순환 개선 기술을 적용하고 평가하는데 있어서 매개변수 입력자료 구축에 따른 자원 소요 시간 및 시스템 개발 비용을 획기적으로 단축시켰으며 국외 의존도가 높은 수문 해석모형을 국내 기술로 개발함으로써 기술자립도를 높이고 국내 및 해외의 유역의 성공적인 적용을 통하여 성능을 입증하였다. 기후변화에 따른 수자원의 재평가, 개선시설의 정량적 평가 및 하천유역의 수자원관리 실무에 적용성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.365-370
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• 2019

In this study, effects of the ultrasonic irradiation during the reaction process were investigated for the enantioselective kinetic resolution (EKR) reaction of racemic epoxides in the presence of chiral cobalt salen catalysts, as compared to that of using the conventional mechanical stirring. In order to compare catalytic activities, the chiral cobalt salen complexes having $AlCl_3-$, $BF_3-$ and nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (NBSA) were synthesized and used as catalysts, and then three kinds of the racemic epoxides such as ephichlorohydrine (ECH), epoxy phenoxypropane (EPP) and propylene oxide (PO) were used as reactants. In addition, EKR reactions have been performed using the water and methanol as nucleophiles, respectively. The unique contribution of ultrasonic irradiation as a powerful mixing medium was evaluated in this study to improve the kinetics in comparison to the conventional mechanical agitation during EKR reactions. The reaction time to obtain the highest 99 ee% became shorten more than that of above 60%, when the ultrasonic irradiation was used. This result may be interpreted by the cavitation effect of ultrasound in the solution, generating a powerful shear force for the very violent mixing.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

Numerical simulations by three-dimensional Particle Flow Code($PFC^{3D}$, Itasca) considering distinct element method (DEM) were carried out for prediction of triaxial compression test with sand material. The effect of scale conditions for numerical model and distinct material on final prediction results was analyzed by numerical models under various scale conditions, and following observations were made from the numerical experiments. It is very useful to model the initial material condition without any porosity conversion from 2-D to 3-D DEM. Numerical experiments have shown that in all cases considered, 3D distinct element modeling could provide good agreement on stress-strain behavior, volume change and strength properties with laboratory testing results. It was important thing to assess reasonable scale ratio of numerical model and distinct elements for saving calculation time and securing calculation efficiency under condition with accuracy and appropriateness as numerical laboratory. As results of DEM simulations under various scale conditions, most of results show that shear strength properties as cohesion and internal friction angle are similar in condition of $D_{mod}/D_{gmax}$ < 10. It shows that 3-D distinct element method could be used as efficient tool to assess strength properties by numerical laboratory technique.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2024

eCall system assists traffic accident victims by connecting emergency rescue institutions with accurate accident information, helping them to identify the on-site situation in the event of a traffic accident. The purpose of this paper is to develop a Korean eCall system that reflects the requirements of domestic emergency rescue institutions and to analyze the expected effects through an integrated demonstration. The results of an integrated demonstration indicated that the communication success rate between the eCall IVS and the call center was 99.25%, and the average location information error was 1.2 m. In particular, it has been confirmed that the average location information error is less than 21.6 meters, as assessed by the Korea Communications Commission when evaluating the accuracy of domestic emergency rescue location information. When the eCall system was introduced, it was confirmed that the time from traffic accidents to hospital arrival could be shortened by 3 m 38 s for highways and 1 m 22 s for general roads. By it to traffic deaths from 2005 to 2022, it was analyzed that the number of fatalities decreased by 82,662, resulting in a reduction of approximately social costs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.790-795
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was performed to compare the therapeutic effects according to duration of medium-dose aspirin(50-60 mg/kg/day) therapy at the acute stage of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Total 87 patients with KD were enrolled in this study. We performed retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings based on medical records. Patient were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the duration of aspirin therapy at the acute stage of KD. Long-term group(LG, n=55) was administered medium-dose aspirin for 2 weeks after diagnosis of KD, and short-term group(SG, n=32) for 48 hours after intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) administration. The parameters of therapeutic effects were duration of fever after IVIG administration, incidence of unresponsive patients to single administration of IVIG, and development of transient dilatation or aneurysm of coronary arteries. Results : There was no significant difference in the duration of fever after IVIG between the both group(LG $1.7{\pm}1.1$ days, SG $1.8{\pm}1.1$ days; P=0.588). The incidences of unresponsive patient to the single administration of IVIG were 5.5 percent, 6.3 percent in the each group. Transient dilatation of coronary arteries occurred at 18.2 percent(10/55) in the LG, and 15.6 percent(5/32) in the SG(P=0.761). Prevalence of coronary aneurysm after subacute stage were 7.3 percent(4/55) in the LG, and 9.4 percent(3/32) in the SG(P=0.728). Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects between long-term(2 weeks) and short-term(48 hours) administration of medium-dose aspirin at the acute stage of KD.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

Purpose : Daily Q.A is the important step which must be preceded in a radiation treatment. Specially, radiation output measurement and laser alignment, SSD indicator related to a patient set-up recurrence must be confirmed for a reasonable radiation treatment. Daily Q.A proceeds correctness and a prompt way, and needs an objective measurement basis. Manufacture of the device which can facilitate confirmation of output measurement and appliances check at one time was requested. Materials and Methods : Produced the phantom formal daily check device which can confirm a lot of appliances check (output measurement and laser alignment. field size, SSD indicator) with one time of set up at a time, and measurement observed a linear accelerator (4 machine) for four months and evaluated efficiency. Results : We were able to confirm an laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator check at the same time, and out put measurement was possible with the same set up, so daily Q.A time was reduced, and we were able to confirm an objective basis about each item measurement. As a result of having measured for four months, output measurement within ${\pm}2%$, and measured laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator in range within ${\pm}1mm$. Conclusion : We can enforce output measurement and appliances check conveniently, and time was reduced and was able to raise efficiency of business. We were able to bring a cost reduction by substitution expensive commercialized equipment. Further It is necessary to makes a product as strong and slight materials, and improve convenience of use.